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Table 2.2 Port cities with population over 1 million estimated to have highest increased population exposure to surge-induced floods, 2005 to projected 2070 City Country 42 Population 2005 (000s) Population exposed 2005 (000s) Population exposed 2070 (000s) Increase Quingdao China 2,817 88 1,851 2,103% Luanda Angola 2,766 1 18 1,800% Dhaka Bangaldesh 12,430 844 11,135 1,319% Mogadishu Somalia 1,320 9 115 1,278% Conakry Guinea 1,425 41 496 1,210% Chittagong Bangladesh 4,114 255 2,866 1,124% Ningbo China 1,810 299 3,305 1,105% Dar-es-Salaam Tanzania 2,676 36 351 975% Yangon Myanmar 4,107 510 4,965 974% Karachi Pakistan 11,608 49 473 965% Douala Cameroon 1,761 11 101 918% Lagos Nigeria 10,886 357 3,229 904% Kulna Bangladesh 1,495 441 3,641 826% N’ampo Republic of Korea 1,102 22 181 823% Port-au-Prince Haiti 2,129 1 8 800% Source: Nicholls et al. (2008) Vision three: City-level data for multi-hazards The DesInventar database offers a finer scale of data, with greater information at the local level, portraying a more detailed reality of risk facing cities and urban dwellers including small-scale events and everyday hazards. Using the city-level database from Cali, Colombia and plotting the events geographically, it is possible to see how the location of flooding events changes over time (see Figure 2.6). The details from Cali (analysed by Colombia’s Seismic Observatory of the South-West or OSSO) show how the pattern of flooding events is related to informal urban expansion in low-lying areas along the rivers, and to subsequent improvements in infrastructure over time. In Cali, risk patterns for small flood events expand concentrically from the centre of the city outwards to the periphery following the expansion of informal settlements. Additionally, small pockets of risk may be found in central areas ignored by formal urbanization, such as riverbanks and steep slopes. Case studies of cities in Argentina, Costa Rica and Mexico also support the findings from Cali, showing how extensive risk is generated through urban expansion and closely linked to increased run-off from new urban development, chronic underinvestment in city-wide storm and surface drainage, location of informal settlements in flood-prone areas and inadequate water management for wider watersheds. It is likely that urban
expansion is driving risk in many Asian and African cities, too – and quite possibly even more strongly than in the above examples from Latin America, since a much lower proportion of the population in Asian and African cities have infrastructure and services. Figure 2.6 Geographic distribution and frequency of registered flooding events between 1950 and 1990 in Cali, Colombia 1950–59 1970–79 1960–69 1980–89 Source: OSSO (2008) Record Between 2 and 5 Between 6 and 10 Between 11 and 20 Between 21 and 50 Vision four: Settlement-scale data for fire disasters Another vision of urban risk is offered by the Monitoring, Mapping and Analysis of Disaster Incidents in South Africa (MANDISA) database, which has records for 18,504 fire events in Cape Town, South Africa from January 1995 to the end of 2004. The database, unique to Cape Town, provides an extremely detailed picture of fire risk, and shows us the massive extent of small-scale disaster events that are usually not part World Disasters Report 2010 – Focus on urban risk 43
Page 2: The International Federation of Red
Page 5 and 6: World Disasters Report 2010 Focus o
Page 7 and 8: Contents International Federation o
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 6 Urbanization and climate
Page 11 and 12: Annex 2 Making cities resilient: A
Page 13 and 14: annually despite commendable effort
Page 15 and 16: Avoiding the urbanization of disast
Page 17 and 18: in low-income nations even though a
Page 19 and 20: The last few decades have also brou
Page 21 and 22: But only a very small proportion of
Page 23 and 24: einforce the view that disaster ris
Page 25 and 26: institutions. Poor people have a lo
Page 27 and 28: Box 1.2 Can Haiti build back better
Page 29 and 30: was ‘illegal’, makes reconstruc
Page 31 and 32: that the needs and priorities of th
Page 33 and 34: Ravallion, M., Chen, S. and Sangrau
Page 35 and 36: Urban disaster trends It is well kn
Page 37 and 38: about 65 per cent of the world’s
Page 39 and 40: With the exception of the South Asi
Page 41 and 42: fires and traffic accidents. Buildi
Page 43 and 44: large cities in low- and middle-inc
Page 45: Figure 2.5 Port cities with highest
Page 49 and 50: know the phone number) and the fire
Page 51 and 52: However, the incentive for owners t
Page 53 and 54: The focus on assets, especially hig
Page 55 and 56: Munich Re Group. Topics Annual Revi
Page 57 and 58: Starting over: Community rights and
Page 59 and 60: on this. However, it is complicated
Page 61 and 62: all those in the evacuation centre)
Page 63 and 64: those affected, help them get organ
Page 65 and 66: disaster events. Governments often
Page 67 and 68: In urban areas, rebuilding homes an
Page 69 and 70: ownership or other formalized/legal
Page 71 and 72: However, the scope of the upgrading
Page 73 and 74: Sources and further information Ade
Page 75 and 76: Syukrizal, A., Hafidz, W. and Saute
Page 77 and 78: Urban violence As more people crowd
Page 79 and 80: Drug production and trafficking Sou
Page 81 and 82: Economic development In economic te
Page 83 and 84: Surrounding what happens in homes a
Page 85 and 86: Table 4.1 Measuring inequality Coun
Page 87 and 88: Crisis of legitimacy Many states wi
Page 89 and 90: and in a sense of hopelessness for
Page 91 and 92: At the same time, many of the world
Page 93 and 94: can help, but - as the Organisation
Page 95 and 96: Fukuyama, F. ‘A Quiet Revolution:
Page 97 and 98:
Tedesco, L. Latin American States -
Page 99 and 100:
Urban risk to health The rapid rise
Page 101 and 102:
are malnourished, compared with 16
Page 103 and 104:
show that prices of imported rice a
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pneumonia, diarrhoea, malaria, meas
Page 107 and 108:
SARS caused near global panic for a
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Urban life affects the way people w
Page 111 and 112:
The Red Cross has 90 first-aid stat
Page 113 and 114:
private life. Equally significant a
Page 115 and 116:
Sources and further information Bur
Page 117 and 118:
World Economic Forum. Global Risks
Page 119 and 120:
Urbanization and climate change ris
Page 121 and 122:
more frequent hot days and nights,
Page 123 and 124:
impacts of changing precipitation p
Page 125 and 126:
feedback have all been used to help
Page 127 and 128:
Addressing the causes of climate ch
Page 129 and 130:
The Green Party Minister for the En
Page 131 and 132:
The inquiry dealt only with technic
Page 133 and 134:
Ensuring climate and disaster prepa
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negotiations. However, there are no
Page 137 and 138:
to peak if the planet is to have a
Page 139 and 140:
Sources and further information Ade
Page 141 and 142:
Mata, J. L. and Nobre, C. Backgroun
Page 143 and 144:
Urban governance and disaster risk
Page 145 and 146:
the city government has developed a
Page 147 and 148:
For many cities, including those me
Page 149 and 150:
many such cities is participatory b
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due to El Niño. Many other factors
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all provinces by the end of 2009. T
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in informal settlements than in the
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Conclusion As we pointed out at the
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Fay, M., Ghesquiere, F. and Solo, T
Page 161 and 162:
Satterthwaite, D. et al. ‘Adaptin
Page 163 and 164:
World Disasters Report 2010 - Disas
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(eight windstorms, one flood, one w
Page 167 and 168:
�� Miscellaneous accidents: Col
Page 169 and 170:
Information systems have improved v
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Table 2 Total number of people repo
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Table 4 Total amount of disaster es
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Table 6 Total number of people repo
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Table 8 Total amount of disaster es
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During the decade: Asia accounted f
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During the decade: Medium human dev
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During the decade: Medium human dev
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During the decade: Americas account
Page 187 and 188:
Total number of people reported kil
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
World Disasters Report 2010 - Disas
Page 195 and 196:
Making cities resilient: A ten-poin
Page 197 and 198:
The UNDP Country Office interventio
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which was the 1961 flood that invol
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with semi-rural mountainous areas,
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a Federal Relief Commission and an
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Benin 96, 119, 136, 182 Bogotá 86,
Page 207 and 208:
disasters 7-8, 11-16, 18, 20-22, 26
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high-income nations 12-13, 16-17, 1
Page 211 and 212:
landslide(s) 21-22, 45, 56-57, 117,
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Oceania 12, 166-169, 174-176, 178,
Page 215 and 216:
slum(s) 7, 11, 15, 22-23, 28, 31, 3
Page 217 and 218:
urbanization 7-8, 11-12, 16-19, 27-
Page 219 and 220:
The Fundamental Principles of the I
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