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ANNEX 2 198 In order to find local water sources, groundwater drilling was initiated after careful analysis of various options. The permanent coordinating role of the local government was vital in conducting such a long-term, multi-stakeholder programme involving national and provincial water agencies, a regional biodiversity conservation institute and a group of community-based organizations. Uncertainty and scepticism among stakeholders regarding extracting groundwater was overcome by establishing a participatory monitoring committee and preparing relevant sets of baseline data. Essential 9 Many partners, one system: An integrated flood early warning system for Jakarta Jakarta, Indonesia (From UNISDR, Local Governments and Disaster Risk Reduction – Good practices and lessons learned, Geneva, April 2010.) Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, has a high flood risk – it is a coastal city and is the exit point of 13 rivers. Some 40 per cent of Jakarta lies below sea level and the provincial authority area includes 110 islands. Hydrometeorological hazards have inflicted much damage in coastal areas and on residential areas near the river banks. During the annual and five-yearly floods, Jakarta has lost billions of dollars’ worth of investment in building and infrastructure. Integrating improvements into the flood early warning system for Jakarta has been a true multi-stakeholder process, involving a huge range of local authorities and partners. By managing everyone’s interests and roles and improving coordination, the early warning system was upgraded from top to bottom. Technical improvements mean that earlier flood warnings are now possible. But more importantly, preparedness capacity has been built and streamlined. Key coordination hubs and standard operating procedures have been established and tested with comprehensive drills, so that institutions and communities are now more ready to act on warnings. Essential 10 Institution building and capacity building for local governments Pakistan (From UNISDR, Local Governments and Disaster Risk Reduction – Good practices and lessons learned, Geneva, April 2010.) The earthquake that struck the northern border area of Pakistan on 8 October 2005 was the nation’s most devastating disaster ever. It claimed more than 73,000 lives, injured more than 128,000 people, rendered 2.8 million people homeless and affected 3.5 million people in an area of 30,000 square kilometres. The response from the government, civil society and international donors was swift. The government established
a Federal Relief Commission and an Earthquake Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Authority (ERRA) to support medium- to long-term recovery and reconstruction efforts. Since its founding in October 2005, ERRA has integrated disaster risk reduction in all its reconstruction work and has initiated a disaster risk management programme for community preparedness in the affected districts. In its reconstruction work, ERRA has followed a disaster risk management approach of risk reduction, risk avoidance, risk transfer and risk management. ERRA has also worked on strengthening community-based disaster preparedness in line with the Hyogo Framework for Action. This authority has worked directly with local governments to build institutional and community preparedness through new union council disaster management committees and union council emergency response teams. Overall, this initiative has yielded concrete results such as a guidebook for mainstreaming disaster risk reduction into development, hazard indication maps for the districts of Mansehra and Muzaffarabad, and disaster management committees and emergency response teams being established in 112 union councils across the two districts. Michele Cocchiglia, programme officer with the UNISDR Secretariat, contributed this text. World Disasters Report 2010 – Disaster data 199
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The International Federation of Red
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World Disasters Report 2010 Focus o
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Contents International Federation o
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Chapter 6 Urbanization and climate
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Annex 2 Making cities resilient: A
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annually despite commendable effort
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Avoiding the urbanization of disast
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in low-income nations even though a
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The last few decades have also brou
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But only a very small proportion of
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einforce the view that disaster ris
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institutions. Poor people have a lo
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Box 1.2 Can Haiti build back better
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was ‘illegal’, makes reconstruc
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that the needs and priorities of th
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Ravallion, M., Chen, S. and Sangrau
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Urban disaster trends It is well kn
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about 65 per cent of the world’s
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With the exception of the South Asi
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fires and traffic accidents. Buildi
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large cities in low- and middle-inc
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Figure 2.5 Port cities with highest
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expansion is driving risk in many A
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know the phone number) and the fire
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However, the incentive for owners t
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The focus on assets, especially hig
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Munich Re Group. Topics Annual Revi
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Starting over: Community rights and
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on this. However, it is complicated
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all those in the evacuation centre)
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those affected, help them get organ
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disaster events. Governments often
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In urban areas, rebuilding homes an
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ownership or other formalized/legal
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However, the scope of the upgrading
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Sources and further information Ade
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Syukrizal, A., Hafidz, W. and Saute
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Urban violence As more people crowd
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Drug production and trafficking Sou
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Economic development In economic te
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Surrounding what happens in homes a
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Table 4.1 Measuring inequality Coun
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Crisis of legitimacy Many states wi
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and in a sense of hopelessness for
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At the same time, many of the world
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can help, but - as the Organisation
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Fukuyama, F. ‘A Quiet Revolution:
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Tedesco, L. Latin American States -
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Urban risk to health The rapid rise
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are malnourished, compared with 16
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show that prices of imported rice a
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pneumonia, diarrhoea, malaria, meas
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SARS caused near global panic for a
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Urban life affects the way people w
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The Red Cross has 90 first-aid stat
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private life. Equally significant a
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Sources and further information Bur
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World Economic Forum. Global Risks
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Urbanization and climate change ris
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more frequent hot days and nights,
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impacts of changing precipitation p
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feedback have all been used to help
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Addressing the causes of climate ch
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The Green Party Minister for the En
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The inquiry dealt only with technic
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Ensuring climate and disaster prepa
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negotiations. However, there are no
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to peak if the planet is to have a
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Sources and further information Ade
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Mata, J. L. and Nobre, C. Backgroun
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Urban governance and disaster risk
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the city government has developed a
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For many cities, including those me
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many such cities is participatory b
Page 151 and 152: due to El Niño. Many other factors
Page 153 and 154: all provinces by the end of 2009. T
Page 155 and 156: in informal settlements than in the
Page 157 and 158: Conclusion As we pointed out at the
Page 159 and 160: Fay, M., Ghesquiere, F. and Solo, T
Page 161 and 162: Satterthwaite, D. et al. ‘Adaptin
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Page 165 and 166: (eight windstorms, one flood, one w
Page 167 and 168: �� Miscellaneous accidents: Col
Page 169 and 170: Information systems have improved v
Page 171 and 172: Table 2 Total number of people repo
Page 173 and 174: Table 4 Total amount of disaster es
Page 175 and 176: Table 6 Total number of people repo
Page 177 and 178: Table 8 Total amount of disaster es
Page 179 and 180: During the decade: Asia accounted f
Page 181 and 182: During the decade: Medium human dev
Page 183 and 184: During the decade: Medium human dev
Page 185 and 186: During the decade: Americas account
Page 187 and 188: Total number of people reported kil
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Page 195 and 196: Making cities resilient: A ten-poin
Page 197 and 198: The UNDP Country Office interventio
Page 199 and 200: which was the 1961 flood that invol
Page 201: with semi-rural mountainous areas,
Page 205 and 206: Benin 96, 119, 136, 182 Bogotá 86,
Page 207 and 208: disasters 7-8, 11-16, 18, 20-22, 26
Page 209 and 210: high-income nations 12-13, 16-17, 1
Page 211 and 212: landslide(s) 21-22, 45, 56-57, 117,
Page 213 and 214: Oceania 12, 166-169, 174-176, 178,
Page 215 and 216: slum(s) 7, 11, 15, 22-23, 28, 31, 3
Page 217 and 218: urbanization 7-8, 11-12, 16-19, 27-
Page 219 and 220: The Fundamental Principles of the I
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