World Disasters Report 2010 - International Federation of Red Cross ...

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2 All rights reserved. Except for quotation in a review of the work, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced without fee for teaching purposes but not for resale. Formal permission is required for all such uses. For copying in any other circumstances, or for re-use in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publisher. The opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the official policy of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies or of individual National Red Cross or Red Crescent Societies. The designations used do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the International Federation or National Societies concerning the legal status of a territory or of its authorities. © International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, 2010 ISBN 978-92-9139-156-1 Editor: Denis McClean Main contributors: Sean Deely, David Dodman, Jorgelina Hardoy, Cassidy Johnson, David Satterthwaite, Amy Serafin and Richard Waddington Design and production team: Sébastien Calmus, Jean-Charles Chamois, Benoit Matsha-Carpentier, Sue Pfiffner and Josephine Shields Recass Editorial board: George Deikun, Arjun Katoch, Helena Molin-Valdes, Cristina Rumbaitis del Rio and Jo Wells Reviewers: Yasemin Aysan, Patricia Danzi, Angela Gussing, Kamal Kishore, Mohammed Omer Mukhier and Graham Saunders We would also like to thank David Satterthwaite who served as Chief Editor during the initial stages, and all those who assisted contributors during research for this issue Typesetting by Michel Schnegg, Geneva, Switzerland Printed by Imprimerie Chirat, Lyons, France Contact details: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 17, Chemin des Crêts, P.O. Box 372 CH-1211 Geneva 19, Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 730 4222. Fax: +41 733 0395 E-mail: secretariat@ifrc.org; wdr@ifrc.org Web: www.ifrc.org To order the World Disasters Report, please contact wdr@ifrc.org.
Contents International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies inside front cover Acknowledgements 2 Introduction 7 Focus on urban risk Chapter 1 Avoiding the urbanization of disasters 10 Table 1.1 Growth in the world’s urban and rural population (millions of inhabitants) 12 Figure 1.1 Distribution of fatalities and economic loss from tropical cyclones per year 13 Box 1.1 Urban myths and misconceptions 19 Table 1.2 What different aspects of urban poverty imply for everyday and disaster risk 21 Box 1.2 Can Haiti build back better? 23 Chapter 2 Urban disaster trends 30 Figure 2.1 Growth in urban population globally and by region 32 Figure 2.2 The change in the average population size of the world’s 100 largest cities, 1800 to 2000 33 Figure 2.3 Changes in the proportion of GDP for low- and middle-income nations, 1950–2005 33 Table 2.1 Large disaster events over the period 2000–2010 impacting on cities 35 Box 2.1 Tropical Storm Ketsana and urban food insecurity 38 World Disasters Report 2010 – Focus on urban risk 3
Page 2: The International Federation of Red
Page 5: World Disasters Report 2010 Focus o
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 6 Urbanization and climate
Page 11 and 12: Annex 2 Making cities resilient: A
Page 13 and 14: annually despite commendable effort
Page 15 and 16: Avoiding the urbanization of disast
Page 17 and 18: in low-income nations even though a
Page 19 and 20: The last few decades have also brou
Page 21 and 22: But only a very small proportion of
Page 23 and 24: einforce the view that disaster ris
Page 25 and 26: institutions. Poor people have a lo
Page 27 and 28: Box 1.2 Can Haiti build back better
Page 29 and 30: was ‘illegal’, makes reconstruc
Page 31 and 32: that the needs and priorities of th
Page 33 and 34: Ravallion, M., Chen, S. and Sangrau
Page 35 and 36: Urban disaster trends It is well kn
Page 37 and 38: about 65 per cent of the world’s
Page 39 and 40: With the exception of the South Asi
Page 41 and 42: fires and traffic accidents. Buildi
Page 43 and 44: large cities in low- and middle-inc
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.5 Port cities with highest
Page 47 and 48: expansion is driving risk in many A
Page 49 and 50: know the phone number) and the fire
Page 51 and 52: However, the incentive for owners t
Page 53 and 54: The focus on assets, especially hig
Page 55 and 56: Munich Re Group. Topics Annual Revi
Page 57 and 58:
Starting over: Community rights and
Page 59 and 60:
on this. However, it is complicated
Page 61 and 62:
all those in the evacuation centre)
Page 63 and 64:
those affected, help them get organ
Page 65 and 66:
disaster events. Governments often
Page 67 and 68:
In urban areas, rebuilding homes an
Page 69 and 70:
ownership or other formalized/legal
Page 71 and 72:
However, the scope of the upgrading
Page 73 and 74:
Sources and further information Ade
Page 75 and 76:
Syukrizal, A., Hafidz, W. and Saute
Page 77 and 78:
Urban violence As more people crowd
Page 79 and 80:
Drug production and trafficking Sou
Page 81 and 82:
Economic development In economic te
Page 83 and 84:
Surrounding what happens in homes a
Page 85 and 86:
Table 4.1 Measuring inequality Coun
Page 87 and 88:
Crisis of legitimacy Many states wi
Page 89 and 90:
and in a sense of hopelessness for
Page 91 and 92:
At the same time, many of the world
Page 93 and 94:
can help, but - as the Organisation
Page 95 and 96:
Fukuyama, F. ‘A Quiet Revolution:
Page 97 and 98:
Tedesco, L. Latin American States -
Page 99 and 100:
Urban risk to health The rapid rise
Page 101 and 102:
are malnourished, compared with 16
Page 103 and 104:
show that prices of imported rice a
Page 105 and 106:
pneumonia, diarrhoea, malaria, meas
Page 107 and 108:
SARS caused near global panic for a
Page 109 and 110:
Urban life affects the way people w
Page 111 and 112:
The Red Cross has 90 first-aid stat
Page 113 and 114:
private life. Equally significant a
Page 115 and 116:
Sources and further information Bur
Page 117 and 118:
World Economic Forum. Global Risks
Page 119 and 120:
Urbanization and climate change ris
Page 121 and 122:
more frequent hot days and nights,
Page 123 and 124:
impacts of changing precipitation p
Page 125 and 126:
feedback have all been used to help
Page 127 and 128:
Addressing the causes of climate ch
Page 129 and 130:
The Green Party Minister for the En
Page 131 and 132:
The inquiry dealt only with technic
Page 133 and 134:
Ensuring climate and disaster prepa
Page 135 and 136:
negotiations. However, there are no
Page 137 and 138:
to peak if the planet is to have a
Page 139 and 140:
Sources and further information Ade
Page 141 and 142:
Mata, J. L. and Nobre, C. Backgroun
Page 143 and 144:
Urban governance and disaster risk
Page 145 and 146:
the city government has developed a
Page 147 and 148:
For many cities, including those me
Page 149 and 150:
many such cities is participatory b
Page 151 and 152:
due to El Niño. Many other factors
Page 153 and 154:
all provinces by the end of 2009. T
Page 155 and 156:
in informal settlements than in the
Page 157 and 158:
Conclusion As we pointed out at the
Page 159 and 160:
Fay, M., Ghesquiere, F. and Solo, T
Page 161 and 162:
Satterthwaite, D. et al. ‘Adaptin
Page 163 and 164:
World Disasters Report 2010 - Disas
Page 165 and 166:
(eight windstorms, one flood, one w
Page 167 and 168:
�� Miscellaneous accidents: Col
Page 169 and 170:
Information systems have improved v
Page 171 and 172:
Table 2 Total number of people repo
Page 173 and 174:
Table 4 Total amount of disaster es
Page 175 and 176:
Table 6 Total number of people repo
Page 177 and 178:
Table 8 Total amount of disaster es
Page 179 and 180:
During the decade: Asia accounted f
Page 181 and 182:
During the decade: Medium human dev
Page 183 and 184:
During the decade: Medium human dev
Page 185 and 186:
During the decade: Americas account
Page 187 and 188:
Total number of people reported kil
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
World Disasters Report 2010 - Disas
Page 195 and 196:
Making cities resilient: A ten-poin
Page 197 and 198:
The UNDP Country Office interventio
Page 199 and 200:
which was the 1961 flood that invol
Page 201 and 202:
with semi-rural mountainous areas,
Page 203 and 204:
a Federal Relief Commission and an
Page 205 and 206:
Benin 96, 119, 136, 182 Bogotá 86,
Page 207 and 208:
disasters 7-8, 11-16, 18, 20-22, 26
Page 209 and 210:
high-income nations 12-13, 16-17, 1
Page 211 and 212:
landslide(s) 21-22, 45, 56-57, 117,
Page 213 and 214:
Oceania 12, 166-169, 174-176, 178,
Page 215 and 216:
slum(s) 7, 11, 15, 22-23, 28, 31, 3
Page 217 and 218:
urbanization 7-8, 11-12, 16-19, 27-
Page 219 and 220:
The Fundamental Principles of the I
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