AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 2016

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References Adesina, A. A. (2009). Africa’s food crisis: Conditions, Trends and Global Development Policy. Plenary keynote paper presented at the International Association of Agricultural Economists Conference, Beijing, China. African Fertilizer and Agribusiness Partnership. (2015). Success Stories Book. Johannesburg, South Africa: AFAP. Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa. (2015). Progress Report 2007-2014. Nairobi, Kenya: AGRA. Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa. (2016). Progress Report 2007-2015. Nairobi, Kenya: AGRA. Barrett, C. B. (2005, December). Poverty Traps and Agricultural Research: Improving Policies, Institutions and Technologies to Support Sustainable poverty Reduction. Paper presented at the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research Science Forum, CGIAR Priorities: Science for the Poor, Marrakech, Morocco. Beintema, N., & Stads, G. (2014). Taking Stock of National Agricultural R&D Capacity in Africa South of the Sahara—ASTI Synthesis Report. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. Beintema, N., Stads, G., Fuglie, K., & Heisey, P. (2012). ASTI Global Assessment of Agricultural R&D Spending: Developing Countries Accelerate Investment. Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators. Washington DC: IFPRI, ASTI & Global Forum on Agricultural Research. Byerlee, D., & Haggblade, S. (2014). African food systems to 2030: Toward inclusive business models. In W. F. Falcon, & R. L. Naylor (Eds.), Frontiers in Food Policy: Perspectives on sub-Saharan Africa (505–540). Palo Alto, California: Create Space Independent Publishing. Chinsinga, B. (2011). Agro-dealers, subsidies and rural market development in Malawi: A political economy enquiry, Working Paper 031, Future Agricultures Consortium Secretariat, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RE UK. Christiaensen, L., & Todo, Y. (2014). Poverty reduction during the rural-urban transformation—The role of the missing middle. World Development, 63, 43–58. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.10.002. Datt, G., & Ravallion, M. (1996). How important to India’s poor is the sectoral composition of economic growth? World Bank Economic Review, 10(1), 1–25. Foster, A., & Rosenzweig, M. (1995). Learning by doing and learning from others: Human capital and technical change in agriculture. Journal of Political Economy, 103(6), 1176–1209. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2015). FAOSTAT 2015. Rome, Italy: FAO Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, & Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils. (2015). Status of the World’s Soil Resources—Main Report. Rome, Italy: FAO and ITPS. Fuglie, K., Heisey, P., King, J., Pray, C., & Schimmelpfennig, D. (2012). The Contribution of Private Industry to Agricultural Innovation. Science, 338, 1031–1032. Gollin, D., Morris, M., & Byerlee, D. (2005). Technology adoption in intensive post-Green Revolution systems. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 87(5), 1310–1316. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development & World Bank. (2015). World Development Indicators 2015. Washington, DC: IBRD/The World Bank. International Fund for Agricultural Development. (2016). Rural Development Report 2016: Fostering Inclusive Rural Transformation. Rome, Italy: International Fund for Agricultural Development. Minot, N., & Benson, T. (2009, July). Fertilizer Subsidies in Africa: Are Vouchers the Answer? (IFPRI Issues Brief 60). Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. Pray, C., Gisselquist, D., & Nagarajan, L. (2011, December). Private investment in agricultural research and technology transfer in Africa. Conference Working Paper 13, ASTI/IFPRI-FARA Conference, Accra, Ghana. Ricker-Gilbert, J., Jayne, T. S., & Chirwa, E. (2011). Subsidies and Crowding Out : A double Hurdle Model of Fertilizer Demand in Malawi. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 93(1), 26–42. Sachs, J. D. (2005). The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time. New York: The Penguin Press. AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 2016 123
Sheahan, M., & Barrett, C. B. (2014). Understanding the agricultural input landscape in Sub-Saharan Africa: Recent plot, household, and community-level evidence. Washington, DC: The World Bank Group. Swanson, B. F., & Davis, K. 2014. Status of Agricultural Extension and Rural Advisory Services Worldwide: Summary Report. Lindau: Global Forum for Rural Advisory Services. Udry, C. (2010). The Economics of Agriculture in Africa: Notes Toward a Research Program. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University. Ufer, S., & Birner, R. (2015). Comparison of CGIAR System Transaction Costs before and after the 2009 Reform. Unpublished manuscript. Stuttgart: University of Hohenheim. Walker, T. S., &. Alwang, J. (2015). Varietal adoption, outcomes and impact. In T. S. Walker & J. Alwang (Eds.), Crop Improvement, Adoption, and Impact of Improved Varieties in Food Crops in sub-Saharan Africa (388–405). Wallingford: CGIAR Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers and CAB International. World Bank. (2008). World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development. Washington, DC: The World Bank. World Bank. (2011–2013). Living Standards Measurement Studies—Integrated Surveys in Agriculture. Washington, DC: LSMS-ISA, The World Bank. World Bank. (2014). Agribusiness indicators: Synthesis report (Agriculture Global Practice Discussion Paper 01). Washington, DC: The World Bank Group. Xu, Z., Burke, W. J., Jayne, T. S., & Govereth, J. (2009). Do input subsidy programs ‘crowd in’ or ‘crowd out’ commercial market development? Modelling fertilizer use decisions in a two-channel marketing system. Agricultural Economics, 40(1), 79–94. 124 AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 2016
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AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 20
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FOREWORD Over the last decade, mill
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Africa Agricul
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ACRONYMS Africa Lead AAS AASR AATIF
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FMARD FSN FTF GACSA GAFSP GAIN GART
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SAKSS SBCC SCARDA SCM SDG SDI SI SM
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Introduction For decades, observers
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and changing food diets associated
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Table 1.2: Population growth of sel
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Figure 1.4: Changes in annual agric
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already occurring (Headey & Jayne,
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lease of customary land without the
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Hence, the pattern of trade illustr
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Table 1.4: Changes in farm structur
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of the pathway to food and nutritio
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Jayne, T. S., Chamberlin, J., Traub
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KEY MESSAGES ONE CAADP is an unpara
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Figure 2.1.Overview of the CAADP Im
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level. The success of ReSAKSS is be
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agricultural potential, alternative
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Table 2.1: Trends in selected CAADP
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poverty fell faster during this per
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expenditure (research, extension, i
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Table 2.4. Average annual change in
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captures the individual pathways of
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MA also has to be underpinned by lo
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References African Union. (2014). M
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Meenakshi, J.V., Johnson, N.L., Man
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KEY MESSAGES ONE TWO THREE FOUR Afr
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GDP declined by 1.4 percent in 2009
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from political violence, terrorism,
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interpretation is implied, this obs
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Differences in the African pattern
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Table 3.5: Trends in types of emplo
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that would likely affect the contri
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c. Concentration of farm structure
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a. Invest in education to upgrade t
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These could include policy measures
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References African Center for Econo
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Giller, K. E., Rowe, E. C., de Ridd
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Ndung’u, N. S. (2016). Viewpoint:
Page 85 and 86: World Bank. (2015). World developme
Page 87 and 88: KEY MESSAGES ONE Although sustainab
Page 89 and 90: BOX 4.1: Components of Sustainable
Page 91 and 92: of the world. These authors also re
Page 93 and 94: Further, Locatelli et al. (2008) ha
Page 95 and 96: Climate and Weather Variability The
Page 97 and 98: Resilience of livelihoods is determ
Page 99 and 100: While acknowledging successes of SI
Page 101 and 102: Entry Points For Sustainable Intens
Page 103 and 104: BOX 4.4: The CSA Compendium: A scie
Page 105 and 106: Successful interventions include fo
Page 107 and 108: Open data combined with agricultura
Page 109 and 110: According to Tshibaka (2014), evide
Page 111 and 112: References Abdulai, A., & Delgado,
Page 113 and 114: Enfors, E. (2013). Social-ecologica
Page 115 and 116: Lipper, L., Thornton, P., Campbell,
Page 117 and 118: Toulmin, C., Leonard, R., Brock, K.
Page 119 and 120: KEY MESSAGES ONE In SSA, sustainabl
Page 121 and 122: Figure 5.1: Poverty traps framework
Page 123 and 124: Cereal Yield/Kilogram Per Hectare F
Page 125 and 126: Table 5.2: Correlation between fact
Page 127 and 128: Table 5.3: Farmer use of improved i
Page 129 and 130: Figure 5.9: Agricultural research s
Page 131 and 132: association is found for cereal out
Page 133 and 134: AGRA’s Experience The observation
Page 135: Increase access to affordable crop
Page 139 and 140: KEY MESSAGES ONE Smallholder farmer
Page 141 and 142: transformation in Africa. The achie
Page 143 and 144: from agribusiness actors to smallho
Page 145 and 146: season, maize prices could be 270 p
Page 147 and 148: critical challenges and the solutio
Page 149 and 150: Limited access and high cost of acc
Page 151 and 152: of onion production in northern Gha
Page 153 and 154: Conclusions This chapter presents t
Page 155 and 156: Collins, D., Morduch, ,. J., Ruther
Page 157 and 158: Minot, N. (2014). Food price volati
Page 159 and 160: Weatherspoon, D. D., & Reardon, T.
Page 161 and 162: KEY MESSAGES ONE Access to finance
Page 163 and 164: esources into agriculture. This in
Page 165 and 166: Table 7.1: Indicative investments t
Page 167 and 168: technical knowledge about products.
Page 169 and 170: continue to experience inadequate a
Page 171 and 172: Box 7.1: GAFSP: Country Examples Rw
Page 173 and 174: Private Equity Association, total p
Page 175 and 176: drawing down assets, and 25 percent
Page 177 and 178: equires: recognition of the critica
Page 179 and 180: Policy Recommendations This review
Page 181 and 182: Meyer, R. L. (2015, March). Financi
Page 183 and 184: KEY MESSAGES ONE The African contin
Page 185 and 186: Figure 8.1: Mobile phone based serv
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high input costs, and a disconnecte
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available through less high-tech de
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Figure 8.4: Kenya leads the pack fo
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years and higher quality seeds are
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CASE STUDY FieldLook South Sudan in
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Rationale behind rapid adoption •
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CASE STUDY Eastern Africa Farmer Fe
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many others have none or have strin
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the strategic adoption of ICT with
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To address constraints to improving
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References Accenture. (2015). Digit
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Gustafson, S. (27.1.2016). The Digi
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Wolfenson K. D. (2013). Coping with
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KEY MESSAGES ONE A guided evolution
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een registered over the last decade
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the AIS paradigm at policy and prog
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Box 9.2: Rwanda - A Phoenix Rising
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other supportive partners (tertiary
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Table 9.2: SSA AR4D funding through
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(e.g., NARIs, universities, NGOs, F
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Table 9.3: Number of extension agen
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the whole farm whereas the field sc
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approach, organizational or system
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CASE STUDY Regional Universities Fo
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CASE STUDY African Network for Agri
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CASE STUDY FAO—Tropical Agricultu
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Bizimana, C. (2014). Rwanda’s Ach
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Rwanda. Retrieved from http://www.m
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World Bank. (2007). Project Apprais
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KEY MESSAGES ONE The poverty rate a
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Table 10.1: Number of undernourishe
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Figure 10.6: Stunting in children u
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Why single out nutrition matters? A
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BOX 10.1: The 7 Malabo Declaration
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Reducing post-harvest losses FAO es
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BOX 10.4: Growing trend towards a m
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References African Union. (2015). T
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Schmidt, R. H., & Rodrick, G. E. (2
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“Africa is simply tired of being
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2025, tripling intra-African trade,
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towards agricultural transformation
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While agricultural research generat
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258 AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPOR
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Technical Notes The following conve
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Madagascar 72.6 72.3 72.1 71.8 71.2
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Madagascar 2.81 -15.28 6.54 2.19 1.
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Madagascar 351.1 337.2 332.9 323.7
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Madagascar 2,020 1,967 2,202 2,354
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Madagascar 86.0 84.2 87.3 91.8 103.
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Mali .. .. 52.0 15.7 17.5 31.1 22.5
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Madagascar -0.0053 -0.0075 0.0073 -
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Malawi 401.9 405.1 437.2 438.9 511.
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Madagascar 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6
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Madagascar 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.9 2.8 5.6
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Liberia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
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Liberia 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.5
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AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 2016

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