AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 2016

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CHAPTER 9 The Roles of Agricultural Research Systems, Advisory Services and Capacity Development and Knowledge Transfer Nelson Ojijo Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa Steven Franzel World Agroforestry Centre Franklin Simtowe International maize and Wheat Improvement Centre Rufaro Madakadze Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa Apollo Nkwake African Women in Agricultural Research and Development Lerato Moleko Lesotho Millennium Development Agency AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 2016 199
KEY MESSAGES ONE A guided evolution or reform of agricultural research systems from a technologyto system-oriented configuration for AR4D is called for, and this process can benefit from advocacy and intermediation actions by supranational agricultural research organizations. TWO The lack of sustained funding and misalignment of research priorities hinder long-term effectiveness and efficiency of AR4D and compromise transformative growth of the agricultural sector in SSA. Innovative ways to develop sustainable home-grown funding of AR4D in countries in the region exist, but the policy domain must be appropriate for agricultural research systems to leverage such funding avenues. THREE Since agriculture is increasingly knowledge intensive and involves many different actors, advisory systems and staff need to play convening, brokering and coordinating roles and not just the role of passing on information. FOUR More evaluations of advisory system approaches (such as ICTs and farmer-tofarmer extension) are needed to assess what types of approaches work well for particular types of agricultural technologies, for particular target groups (e.g., women), at what cost, and how approaches may be combined and improved. FIVE Several capacity development frameworks have been proposed and many organizations working in SSA have embraced various approaches for agricultural capacity development, depending on their programmatic focus SIX Undertaking and documenting capacity development impact assessments will help highlight the key role of capacity development in AR4D, and evidencebased advocacy for capacity development by multiple organizations. 200 AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 2016
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AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 20
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FOREWORD Over the last decade, mill
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Africa Agricul
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ACRONYMS Africa Lead AAS AASR AATIF
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FMARD FSN FTF GACSA GAFSP GAIN GART
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SAKSS SBCC SCARDA SCM SDG SDI SI SM
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Introduction For decades, observers
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and changing food diets associated
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Table 1.2: Population growth of sel
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Figure 1.4: Changes in annual agric
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already occurring (Headey & Jayne,
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lease of customary land without the
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Hence, the pattern of trade illustr
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Table 1.4: Changes in farm structur
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of the pathway to food and nutritio
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Jayne, T. S., Chamberlin, J., Traub
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KEY MESSAGES ONE CAADP is an unpara
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Figure 2.1.Overview of the CAADP Im
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level. The success of ReSAKSS is be
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agricultural potential, alternative
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Table 2.1: Trends in selected CAADP
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poverty fell faster during this per
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expenditure (research, extension, i
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Table 2.4. Average annual change in
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captures the individual pathways of
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MA also has to be underpinned by lo
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References African Union. (2014). M
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Meenakshi, J.V., Johnson, N.L., Man
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KEY MESSAGES ONE TWO THREE FOUR Afr
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GDP declined by 1.4 percent in 2009
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from political violence, terrorism,
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interpretation is implied, this obs
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Differences in the African pattern
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Table 3.5: Trends in types of emplo
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that would likely affect the contri
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c. Concentration of farm structure
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a. Invest in education to upgrade t
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These could include policy measures
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References African Center for Econo
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Giller, K. E., Rowe, E. C., de Ridd
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Ndung’u, N. S. (2016). Viewpoint:
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World Bank. (2015). World developme
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KEY MESSAGES ONE Although sustainab
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BOX 4.1: Components of Sustainable
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of the world. These authors also re
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Further, Locatelli et al. (2008) ha
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Climate and Weather Variability The
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Resilience of livelihoods is determ
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While acknowledging successes of SI
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Entry Points For Sustainable Intens
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BOX 4.4: The CSA Compendium: A scie
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Successful interventions include fo
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Open data combined with agricultura
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According to Tshibaka (2014), evide
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References Abdulai, A., & Delgado,
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Enfors, E. (2013). Social-ecologica
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Lipper, L., Thornton, P., Campbell,
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Toulmin, C., Leonard, R., Brock, K.
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KEY MESSAGES ONE In SSA, sustainabl
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Figure 5.1: Poverty traps framework
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Cereal Yield/Kilogram Per Hectare F
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Table 5.2: Correlation between fact
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Table 5.3: Farmer use of improved i
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Figure 5.9: Agricultural research s
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association is found for cereal out
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AGRA’s Experience The observation
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Increase access to affordable crop
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Sheahan, M., & Barrett, C. B. (2014
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KEY MESSAGES ONE Smallholder farmer
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transformation in Africa. The achie
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from agribusiness actors to smallho
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season, maize prices could be 270 p
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critical challenges and the solutio
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Limited access and high cost of acc
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of onion production in northern Gha
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Conclusions This chapter presents t
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Collins, D., Morduch, ,. J., Ruther
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Minot, N. (2014). Food price volati
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Weatherspoon, D. D., & Reardon, T.
Page 161 and 162: KEY MESSAGES ONE Access to finance
Page 163 and 164: esources into agriculture. This in
Page 165 and 166: Table 7.1: Indicative investments t
Page 167 and 168: technical knowledge about products.
Page 169 and 170: continue to experience inadequate a
Page 171 and 172: Box 7.1: GAFSP: Country Examples Rw
Page 173 and 174: Private Equity Association, total p
Page 175 and 176: drawing down assets, and 25 percent
Page 177 and 178: equires: recognition of the critica
Page 179 and 180: Policy Recommendations This review
Page 181 and 182: Meyer, R. L. (2015, March). Financi
Page 183 and 184: KEY MESSAGES ONE The African contin
Page 185 and 186: Figure 8.1: Mobile phone based serv
Page 187 and 188: high input costs, and a disconnecte
Page 189 and 190: available through less high-tech de
Page 191 and 192: Figure 8.4: Kenya leads the pack fo
Page 193 and 194: years and higher quality seeds are
Page 195 and 196: CASE STUDY FieldLook South Sudan in
Page 197 and 198: Rationale behind rapid adoption •
Page 199 and 200: CASE STUDY Eastern Africa Farmer Fe
Page 201 and 202: many others have none or have strin
Page 203 and 204: the strategic adoption of ICT with
Page 205 and 206: To address constraints to improving
Page 207 and 208: References Accenture. (2015). Digit
Page 209 and 210: Gustafson, S. (27.1.2016). The Digi
Page 211: Wolfenson K. D. (2013). Coping with
Page 215 and 216: een registered over the last decade
Page 217 and 218: the AIS paradigm at policy and prog
Page 219 and 220: Box 9.2: Rwanda - A Phoenix Rising
Page 221 and 222: other supportive partners (tertiary
Page 223 and 224: Table 9.2: SSA AR4D funding through
Page 225 and 226: (e.g., NARIs, universities, NGOs, F
Page 227 and 228: Table 9.3: Number of extension agen
Page 229 and 230: the whole farm whereas the field sc
Page 231 and 232: approach, organizational or system
Page 233 and 234: CASE STUDY Regional Universities Fo
Page 235 and 236: CASE STUDY African Network for Agri
Page 237 and 238: CASE STUDY FAO—Tropical Agricultu
Page 239 and 240: Bizimana, C. (2014). Rwanda’s Ach
Page 241 and 242: Rwanda. Retrieved from http://www.m
Page 243 and 244: World Bank. (2007). Project Apprais
Page 245 and 246: KEY MESSAGES ONE The poverty rate a
Page 247 and 248: Table 10.1: Number of undernourishe
Page 249 and 250: Figure 10.6: Stunting in children u
Page 251 and 252: Why single out nutrition matters? A
Page 253 and 254: BOX 10.1: The 7 Malabo Declaration
Page 255 and 256: Reducing post-harvest losses FAO es
Page 257 and 258: BOX 10.4: Growing trend towards a m
Page 259 and 260: References African Union. (2015). T
Page 261 and 262: Schmidt, R. H., & Rodrick, G. E. (2
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“Africa is simply tired of being
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2025, tripling intra-African trade,
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towards agricultural transformation
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While agricultural research generat
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258 AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPOR
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Technical Notes The following conve
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Madagascar 72.6 72.3 72.1 71.8 71.2
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Madagascar 2.81 -15.28 6.54 2.19 1.
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Madagascar 351.1 337.2 332.9 323.7
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Madagascar 2,020 1,967 2,202 2,354
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Madagascar 86.0 84.2 87.3 91.8 103.
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Mali .. .. 52.0 15.7 17.5 31.1 22.5
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Madagascar -0.0053 -0.0075 0.0073 -
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Malawi 401.9 405.1 437.2 438.9 511.
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Madagascar 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6
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Madagascar 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.9 2.8 5.6
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Liberia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
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Liberia 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.5
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AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 2016

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