AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 2016

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Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition. (2015). Annual Report 2015. Geneva, Switzerland: GAIN. Global Panel. (2016). The cost of malnutrition. Why policy action is urgent. London, UK: Global Panel on Agriculture and Food Systems for Nutrition Gillespie, S., Harris, J., & Kadiyala, S. (2012). The agriculture-nutrition disconnect in India. What do we know? (Discussion Paper 01187). Washington DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute. Gorrepati P. (2016). Gender Equity: A Path towards Food Security. Yale Global Health Review. Retrieved from https://yaleglobalhealthreview.com/2016/04/28/gender-equity-a-path-towards-food-security/ (Accessed 14 August 2016). Hanning, I. B., O’Bryan, C. A., Crandall, P. G., & Ricke, S. C. (2012). Food safety and food security. Nature Education Knowledge, 3(10), 9. Hawkes, C., Smith, T. G., Jewell, J., Wardle, J. Hammond, R. A. Friel, S., . . . Kain, J. (2013). Smart food policies for obesity prevention. The Lancet, 385(9985), 2410–2421. Hazell, P. B. R. (2003). The Green Revolution. In J. Mokyr (Ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. International Fund for Agricultural Development. (2013). Smallholders, food security, and the environment. Retrieved from https://www.ifad.org/documents/10180/666cac24-14b6-43c2-876d-9c2d1f01d5dd (Accessed 22 May 2016). International Food Policy Research Institute. (2012). Reshaping agriculture for nutrition and health. Washington, DC: IFPRI. International Food Policy Research Institute. (2014). Global Nutrition Report 2014: Actions and accountability to accelerate the world’s progress on nutrition. Washington DC: IFPRI. International Food Policy Research Institute. (2015). Global Nutrition Report 2015: Actions and accountability to advance nutrition and sustainable development. Washington DC: IFPRI. Kamal, S. M. M. (2012). Maternal education as a determinant of neonatal mortality in Bangladesh. Journal of Health Management, 14(3), 269–281. Martins, V. J. B., Toledo Florêncio, T. M. M., Grillo, L. P., Franco, M. do C. P., Martins, P. A., Clemente, A. P. G., . . . Sawaya, A. L. (2011). Long-lasting effects of undernutrition. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(6), 1817–1846. http://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8061817 Masset, E., Haddad, L., Cornelius, A., & Isaza-Castro, J. (2011). A systematic review of agricultural interventions that aim to improve nutritional status of children. London: EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London. McDermott, J., Aït-Aïssa, M., Morel, J., & Rapando, N. (2013). Agriculture and household nutrition security: Development practice and research needs. Food Security, 5, 667–678. Pamuk, E. R., Fuchs, R., & Lutz, W. (2011). Comparing relative effects of education and economic resources on infant mortality in developing countries. Population and Development Review, 37(4), 637–664. Pingali, P. (2015). Agricultural policy and nutrition outcomes – getting beyond the preoccupation with staple grains. Food Security, 7(3), 583–591. Pinstrup-Andersen, P. (2009). Food security: definition and measurement. Food security, 1(1), 5–7. Riesgo, L., Louhichi, K., Gomez y Paloma, S., Hazell, P., Ricker-Gilbert, J., Wiggins, S., Sahn, D. E., & Mishra, A. (2016). Food and nutrition security and role of smallholder farms: challenges and opportunities. Workshop proceedings, Spain. Ruel, M. T., & Alderman, H. (2013). The Maternal and Child Nutrition Study Group Nutrition-sensitive interventions and programmes: how can they help to accelerate progress in improving maternal and child nutrition? Lancet, 382 536–551. SUN Movement. (2015). 2015 SUN Movement Annual Progress Report. Retrieved from http://scalingupnutrition. org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/SUN_AnnualReport2015_EN.pdf (Accessed 14 August 2015). AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 2016 247
Schmidt, R. H., & Rodrick, G. E. (2003). Food safety handbook. John Wiley & Sons. UNICEF-WHO-The World Bank. (2015). Levels and Trends in Child Malnutrition: Key Findings of the 2015 Report. http://www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/jme_brochure2015.pdf?ua=1 Victora, C. G., Adair, L., Fall, C., Hallal, P. C., Martorell, R., Richter, L., for the Maternal and Child Undernutrition Study Group. (2008). Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital. Lancet, 371(9609), 340–357. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736 (07)61692-4 Vorley, B., Del Pozo-Vergnes, E., & Barnett, A. (2012). Small Producer Agency in the Globalised Market: Making Choices in a Changing World. UK and the Netherlands: IIED/HIVOS. Retrieved from: http://pubs.iied. org/16521IIED.html Webb, P. (2013). Impact pathways for agricultural research to improved nutrition and health: a literature analysis and recommendation for research priorities. Report to the CGIAR Independent Science and Partnership Council. Rome, Italy: FAO. Wiggins, S. (2011). Supporting small-scale farming: Messages for the G20. Burwood East, VIC, Australia: World Vision Australia. Wiggins, S., Farrington, J., Henley, G., Grist, N., & Locke, A. (2013). Agricultural development policy: a contemporary agenda. UK: Overseas Development Institute. World Bank. (2013). Improving nutrition through multi-sectoral approaches. Washington, DC: The World Bank. Retrieved from https://www.securenutritionplatform.org/Pages/DisplayResources.aspx?RID=151 World Bank. (2015). Is Post-Harvest Loss Significant in Sub-Saharan Africa? (Brief). Washington, DC: The World Bank. Retrieved from http://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/africa-myths-and-facts/publication/is-post-harvestloss-significant-in-sub-saharan-africa 248 AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 2016
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AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 20
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FOREWORD Over the last decade, mill
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Africa Agricul
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ACRONYMS Africa Lead AAS AASR AATIF
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FMARD FSN FTF GACSA GAFSP GAIN GART
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SAKSS SBCC SCARDA SCM SDG SDI SI SM
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Introduction For decades, observers
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and changing food diets associated
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Table 1.2: Population growth of sel
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Figure 1.4: Changes in annual agric
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already occurring (Headey & Jayne,
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lease of customary land without the
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Hence, the pattern of trade illustr
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Table 1.4: Changes in farm structur
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of the pathway to food and nutritio
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Jayne, T. S., Chamberlin, J., Traub
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KEY MESSAGES ONE CAADP is an unpara
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Figure 2.1.Overview of the CAADP Im
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level. The success of ReSAKSS is be
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agricultural potential, alternative
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Table 2.1: Trends in selected CAADP
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poverty fell faster during this per
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expenditure (research, extension, i
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Table 2.4. Average annual change in
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captures the individual pathways of
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MA also has to be underpinned by lo
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References African Union. (2014). M
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Meenakshi, J.V., Johnson, N.L., Man
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KEY MESSAGES ONE TWO THREE FOUR Afr
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GDP declined by 1.4 percent in 2009
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from political violence, terrorism,
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interpretation is implied, this obs
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Differences in the African pattern
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Table 3.5: Trends in types of emplo
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that would likely affect the contri
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c. Concentration of farm structure
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a. Invest in education to upgrade t
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These could include policy measures
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References African Center for Econo
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Giller, K. E., Rowe, E. C., de Ridd
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Ndung’u, N. S. (2016). Viewpoint:
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World Bank. (2015). World developme
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KEY MESSAGES ONE Although sustainab
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BOX 4.1: Components of Sustainable
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of the world. These authors also re
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Further, Locatelli et al. (2008) ha
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Climate and Weather Variability The
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Resilience of livelihoods is determ
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While acknowledging successes of SI
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Entry Points For Sustainable Intens
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BOX 4.4: The CSA Compendium: A scie
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Successful interventions include fo
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Open data combined with agricultura
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According to Tshibaka (2014), evide
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References Abdulai, A., & Delgado,
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Enfors, E. (2013). Social-ecologica
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Lipper, L., Thornton, P., Campbell,
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Toulmin, C., Leonard, R., Brock, K.
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KEY MESSAGES ONE In SSA, sustainabl
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Figure 5.1: Poverty traps framework
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Cereal Yield/Kilogram Per Hectare F
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Table 5.2: Correlation between fact
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Table 5.3: Farmer use of improved i
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Figure 5.9: Agricultural research s
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association is found for cereal out
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AGRA’s Experience The observation
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Increase access to affordable crop
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Sheahan, M., & Barrett, C. B. (2014
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KEY MESSAGES ONE Smallholder farmer
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transformation in Africa. The achie
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from agribusiness actors to smallho
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season, maize prices could be 270 p
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critical challenges and the solutio
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Limited access and high cost of acc
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of onion production in northern Gha
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Conclusions This chapter presents t
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Collins, D., Morduch, ,. J., Ruther
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Minot, N. (2014). Food price volati
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Weatherspoon, D. D., & Reardon, T.
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KEY MESSAGES ONE Access to finance
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esources into agriculture. This in
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Table 7.1: Indicative investments t
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technical knowledge about products.
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continue to experience inadequate a
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Box 7.1: GAFSP: Country Examples Rw
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Private Equity Association, total p
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drawing down assets, and 25 percent
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equires: recognition of the critica
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Policy Recommendations This review
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Meyer, R. L. (2015, March). Financi
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KEY MESSAGES ONE The African contin
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Figure 8.1: Mobile phone based serv
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high input costs, and a disconnecte
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available through less high-tech de
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Figure 8.4: Kenya leads the pack fo
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years and higher quality seeds are
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CASE STUDY FieldLook South Sudan in
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Rationale behind rapid adoption •
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CASE STUDY Eastern Africa Farmer Fe
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many others have none or have strin
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the strategic adoption of ICT with
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To address constraints to improving
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References Accenture. (2015). Digit
Page 209 and 210: Gustafson, S. (27.1.2016). The Digi
Page 211 and 212: Wolfenson K. D. (2013). Coping with
Page 213 and 214: KEY MESSAGES ONE A guided evolution
Page 215 and 216: een registered over the last decade
Page 217 and 218: the AIS paradigm at policy and prog
Page 219 and 220: Box 9.2: Rwanda - A Phoenix Rising
Page 221 and 222: other supportive partners (tertiary
Page 223 and 224: Table 9.2: SSA AR4D funding through
Page 225 and 226: (e.g., NARIs, universities, NGOs, F
Page 227 and 228: Table 9.3: Number of extension agen
Page 229 and 230: the whole farm whereas the field sc
Page 231 and 232: approach, organizational or system
Page 233 and 234: CASE STUDY Regional Universities Fo
Page 235 and 236: CASE STUDY African Network for Agri
Page 237 and 238: CASE STUDY FAO—Tropical Agricultu
Page 239 and 240: Bizimana, C. (2014). Rwanda’s Ach
Page 241 and 242: Rwanda. Retrieved from http://www.m
Page 243 and 244: World Bank. (2007). Project Apprais
Page 245 and 246: KEY MESSAGES ONE The poverty rate a
Page 247 and 248: Table 10.1: Number of undernourishe
Page 249 and 250: Figure 10.6: Stunting in children u
Page 251 and 252: Why single out nutrition matters? A
Page 253 and 254: BOX 10.1: The 7 Malabo Declaration
Page 255 and 256: Reducing post-harvest losses FAO es
Page 257 and 258: BOX 10.4: Growing trend towards a m
Page 259: References African Union. (2015). T
Page 263 and 264: “Africa is simply tired of being
Page 265 and 266: 2025, tripling intra-African trade,
Page 267 and 268: towards agricultural transformation
Page 269 and 270: While agricultural research generat
Page 271 and 272: 258 AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPOR
Page 273 and 274: Technical Notes The following conve
Page 275 and 276: Madagascar 72.6 72.3 72.1 71.8 71.2
Page 277 and 278: Madagascar 2.81 -15.28 6.54 2.19 1.
Page 279 and 280: Madagascar 351.1 337.2 332.9 323.7
Page 281 and 282: Madagascar 2,020 1,967 2,202 2,354
Page 283 and 284: Madagascar 86.0 84.2 87.3 91.8 103.
Page 285 and 286: Mali .. .. 52.0 15.7 17.5 31.1 22.5
Page 287 and 288: Madagascar -0.0053 -0.0075 0.0073 -
Page 289 and 290: Malawi 401.9 405.1 437.2 438.9 511.
Page 291 and 292: Madagascar 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6
Page 293 and 294: Madagascar 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.9 2.8 5.6
Page 295 and 296: Liberia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Page 297: Liberia 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.5
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AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 2016

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