AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 2016

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The Economist. (2011, January 6). Africa’s impressive growth. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/blogs/ dailychart/2011/01/daily_chart. The Conference Board. (2016). Total economy database: Output, labor, and labor productivity, 1950-2016. Retrieved from https://www.conference-board.org/data/economydatabase/index.cfm?id=27762 Tiffen, M., M. Mortimore, and F. Gichuki (1994). More people less erosion: environmental recovery in Kenya. London: John Wiley. Tittonell, P., & Giller, K. (2012). When yield gaps are poverty traps: The paradigm of ecological intensification in African smallholder agriculture. Field Crops Research, 143(1), 76–90. Tittonell, P. Zingore, S. Van Wijk, M. T., Corbeels, M., & Giller, K. E. (2007) Nutrient use efficiencies and crop responses to N, P, and manure applications in Zimbabwean soils: Exploring management strategies across soil fertility gradients. Field Crop Research,100, 348–368. Tubiello, F. N., Salvatore, M., Cóndor Golec, R. D., Ferrara, A., Rossi, S., Biancalani, R., Federici, S., Jacobs, H., & Flammini, A. (2014). Agriculture, forestry and other land use emissions by sources and removals by sinks (FAO Statistics Division Working Paper Series ESS/14- 02). Rome, Italy: FAO. Tschirley, D., Snyder, J., Goeb, J., Dolislager, M., Reardon, T., Haggblade, S., Traub, L., Ejobi, F., & Meyer, F. (2015). Africa’s unfolding diet transformation: Implications for agrifood system employment. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 5(2), 102–136. Ugur, M., &Dasgupta, N. (2011). Evidence on the Economic Growth Impacts of Corruption in Low-Income Countries and Beyond: A Systematic Review. London: EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London. United Nations. (2014). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision, Highlights.ST/ESA/SER.A/352.Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved from http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Publications/Files/ WUP2014-Highlights.pdf United Nations. (2016).World Urbanization Prospects, the 2014 Revision. New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved from https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/DataQuery/ UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2014). Trends in tertiary education: Sub-Saharan Africa. Retrieved from http://www.uis. unesco.org/Library/Documents/fs10-trends-tertiary-education-sub-saharan-africa-2010-en.pdf United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD). (2016). National accounts main aggregates [database]. Retrieved from http:// unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/introduction.asp United Republic of Tanzania (2015). The Ministry of Finance: Budget Speeches (various years). Retrieved from http://www. mof.go.tz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=808:budget-speeches-from-2001-to-2014&catid=53:budgetspeech&itemid=215 xii U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). (2012). Global anthropogenic non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions: 1990-2030. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Vanlauwe, B., Kihara, J., Chivenge, P., Pypers, P., Coe, R., & Six., J. (2011). Agronomic use efficiency of N fertilizer in maize-based systems in Sub-Saharan Africa within the context of integrated soil fertility management. Plant and Soil, 339(1), 35–50. Wallace, P., & Malingha Doya, D. (2016, April 15). Africa turns to IMF as commodity slump exposes poor policy. Bloomberg. Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-04-15/africa-turns-to-imf-as-commodity-slump-exposespoor-policy World BankWorld Bank. (2009). Africa development indicators 2008/2009: Youth employment in Africa: The potential, the problem, the promise. Washington, DC: The World Bank. World Bank. (2013). Malawi - Public Expenditure Review. Public Expenditure Review (PER). Washington DC: World Bank Group. Retrieved from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/11/19230252/malawi-public-expenditure-review AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 2016 71
World Bank. (2015). World development indicators [database]. Available at http://databank.worldbank.org/data/ reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators World Bank. (2016). World Development Indicators [database]. Available at http://databank.worldbank.org/data/ reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators Yeboah, F. K., & Jayne, T. S. (2016).Africa’s evolving employment structure. International Development Working Paper. East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University. Zambian Ministry of Finance. (2015). Budget Speeches (various years). Retrieved from http://www.mofnp.gov.zm/ index.php/accountant-generals-report/viewcategory/15-budget-speeches 72 AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 2016
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AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 20
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FOREWORD Over the last decade, mill
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Africa Agricul
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ACRONYMS Africa Lead AAS AASR AATIF
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FMARD FSN FTF GACSA GAFSP GAIN GART
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SAKSS SBCC SCARDA SCM SDG SDI SI SM
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Introduction For decades, observers
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and changing food diets associated
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Table 1.2: Population growth of sel
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Figure 1.4: Changes in annual agric
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already occurring (Headey & Jayne,
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lease of customary land without the
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Hence, the pattern of trade illustr
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Table 1.4: Changes in farm structur
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of the pathway to food and nutritio
Page 33 and 34: Jayne, T. S., Chamberlin, J., Traub
Page 35 and 36: KEY MESSAGES ONE CAADP is an unpara
Page 37 and 38: Figure 2.1.Overview of the CAADP Im
Page 39 and 40: level. The success of ReSAKSS is be
Page 41 and 42: agricultural potential, alternative
Page 43 and 44: Table 2.1: Trends in selected CAADP
Page 45 and 46: poverty fell faster during this per
Page 47 and 48: expenditure (research, extension, i
Page 49 and 50: Table 2.4. Average annual change in
Page 51 and 52: captures the individual pathways of
Page 53 and 54: MA also has to be underpinned by lo
Page 55 and 56: References African Union. (2014). M
Page 57 and 58: Meenakshi, J.V., Johnson, N.L., Man
Page 59 and 60: KEY MESSAGES ONE TWO THREE FOUR Afr
Page 61 and 62: GDP declined by 1.4 percent in 2009
Page 63 and 64: from political violence, terrorism,
Page 65 and 66: interpretation is implied, this obs
Page 67 and 68: Differences in the African pattern
Page 69 and 70: Table 3.5: Trends in types of emplo
Page 71 and 72: that would likely affect the contri
Page 73 and 74: c. Concentration of farm structure
Page 75 and 76: a. Invest in education to upgrade t
Page 77 and 78: These could include policy measures
Page 79 and 80: References African Center for Econo
Page 81 and 82: Giller, K. E., Rowe, E. C., de Ridd
Page 83: Ndung’u, N. S. (2016). Viewpoint:
Page 87 and 88: KEY MESSAGES ONE Although sustainab
Page 89 and 90: BOX 4.1: Components of Sustainable
Page 91 and 92: of the world. These authors also re
Page 93 and 94: Further, Locatelli et al. (2008) ha
Page 95 and 96: Climate and Weather Variability The
Page 97 and 98: Resilience of livelihoods is determ
Page 99 and 100: While acknowledging successes of SI
Page 101 and 102: Entry Points For Sustainable Intens
Page 103 and 104: BOX 4.4: The CSA Compendium: A scie
Page 105 and 106: Successful interventions include fo
Page 107 and 108: Open data combined with agricultura
Page 109 and 110: According to Tshibaka (2014), evide
Page 111 and 112: References Abdulai, A., & Delgado,
Page 113 and 114: Enfors, E. (2013). Social-ecologica
Page 115 and 116: Lipper, L., Thornton, P., Campbell,
Page 117 and 118: Toulmin, C., Leonard, R., Brock, K.
Page 119 and 120: KEY MESSAGES ONE In SSA, sustainabl
Page 121 and 122: Figure 5.1: Poverty traps framework
Page 123 and 124: Cereal Yield/Kilogram Per Hectare F
Page 125 and 126: Table 5.2: Correlation between fact
Page 127 and 128: Table 5.3: Farmer use of improved i
Page 129 and 130: Figure 5.9: Agricultural research s
Page 131 and 132: association is found for cereal out
Page 133 and 134: AGRA’s Experience The observation
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Increase access to affordable crop
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Sheahan, M., & Barrett, C. B. (2014
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KEY MESSAGES ONE Smallholder farmer
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transformation in Africa. The achie
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from agribusiness actors to smallho
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season, maize prices could be 270 p
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critical challenges and the solutio
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Limited access and high cost of acc
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of onion production in northern Gha
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Conclusions This chapter presents t
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Collins, D., Morduch, ,. J., Ruther
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Minot, N. (2014). Food price volati
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Weatherspoon, D. D., & Reardon, T.
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KEY MESSAGES ONE Access to finance
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esources into agriculture. This in
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Table 7.1: Indicative investments t
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technical knowledge about products.
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continue to experience inadequate a
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Box 7.1: GAFSP: Country Examples Rw
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Private Equity Association, total p
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drawing down assets, and 25 percent
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equires: recognition of the critica
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Policy Recommendations This review
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Meyer, R. L. (2015, March). Financi
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KEY MESSAGES ONE The African contin
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Figure 8.1: Mobile phone based serv
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high input costs, and a disconnecte
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available through less high-tech de
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Figure 8.4: Kenya leads the pack fo
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years and higher quality seeds are
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CASE STUDY FieldLook South Sudan in
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Rationale behind rapid adoption •
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CASE STUDY Eastern Africa Farmer Fe
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many others have none or have strin
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the strategic adoption of ICT with
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To address constraints to improving
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References Accenture. (2015). Digit
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Gustafson, S. (27.1.2016). The Digi
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Wolfenson K. D. (2013). Coping with
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KEY MESSAGES ONE A guided evolution
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een registered over the last decade
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the AIS paradigm at policy and prog
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Box 9.2: Rwanda - A Phoenix Rising
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other supportive partners (tertiary
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Table 9.2: SSA AR4D funding through
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(e.g., NARIs, universities, NGOs, F
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Table 9.3: Number of extension agen
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the whole farm whereas the field sc
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approach, organizational or system
Page 233 and 234:
CASE STUDY Regional Universities Fo
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CASE STUDY African Network for Agri
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CASE STUDY FAO—Tropical Agricultu
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Bizimana, C. (2014). Rwanda’s Ach
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Rwanda. Retrieved from http://www.m
Page 243 and 244:
World Bank. (2007). Project Apprais
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KEY MESSAGES ONE The poverty rate a
Page 247 and 248:
Table 10.1: Number of undernourishe
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Figure 10.6: Stunting in children u
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Why single out nutrition matters? A
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BOX 10.1: The 7 Malabo Declaration
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Reducing post-harvest losses FAO es
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BOX 10.4: Growing trend towards a m
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References African Union. (2015). T
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Schmidt, R. H., & Rodrick, G. E. (2
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“Africa is simply tired of being
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2025, tripling intra-African trade,
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towards agricultural transformation
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While agricultural research generat
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258 AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPOR
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Technical Notes The following conve
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Madagascar 72.6 72.3 72.1 71.8 71.2
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Madagascar 2.81 -15.28 6.54 2.19 1.
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Madagascar 351.1 337.2 332.9 323.7
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Madagascar 2,020 1,967 2,202 2,354
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Madagascar 86.0 84.2 87.3 91.8 103.
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Mali .. .. 52.0 15.7 17.5 31.1 22.5
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Madagascar -0.0053 -0.0075 0.0073 -
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Malawi 401.9 405.1 437.2 438.9 511.
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Madagascar 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6
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Madagascar 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.9 2.8 5.6
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Liberia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
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Liberia 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.5
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