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Jayne, T. S., Chamberlin, J., Traub, L., Sitko, N., Muyanga, M., Yeboah, F. K. Kachule, R. (in press). Africa’s Changing Farmland Ownership: The Rise of the Emergent Investor Farmer. Agricultural Economics. Jin, S., & Jayne, T. S. (2013). Land Rental Markets in Kenya: Implications for Efficiency, Equity, Household Income, and Poverty. Land Economics, 89(2), 246–271. Johnston, B. F., & P. Kilby (1975). Agriculture and Structural Transformation: Economic Strategies in Late Developing Countries. New York: Oxford University Press. Kihara, J., Nziguheba, G., Zingore, S., Coulibaly, A., Esilaba, A., Kabambe, V., Huising, J. (<strong>2016</strong>). Understanding variability in crop response to fertilizer and amendments in sub-Saharan Africa. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 229, 1–12. Lipton, M. (2005). Crop science, poverty, and the family farm in a globalizing world (2020 Discussion Paper 40). Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. Losch, B. (2012). Agriculture: the key to the employment challenge (Perspective #19). Montpellier: CIRAD. Masters, W. A., Djurfeldt, A. A., De Haan, C., Hazell, P., Jayne, T., Jirström, M. & Reardon, T. (2013). Urbanization and farm size in Asia and Africa: implications for food security and agricultural research. Global Food Security, 2, 156–165. Mellor, J. (1976). The new economics of growth: A strategy for India and the developing world. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. McMillan, M. ,& Harttgen, K. (2014). The changing structure of Africa’s economies. National Bureau of Economic Research working Paper 20077. Cambridge, MA: NBER. Retrieved from http://legacy.wlu.ca/documents/57803/McMillian_ChangingAfrica_140317. pdf McMillan, M., Rodrik, D., & Verduzco, I. (2014). Globalization, Structural Change and Productivity Growth, with an Update on Africa. World Development, 63, 11–32. Montpellier Panel. (2014, December). No Ordinary Matter: conserving, restoring and enhancing Africa’s soils. London: Imperial College. Potts, D. 2012. Whatever Happened to Africa’s Rapid Urbanisation? World Economics, 13(2), 17–29. Reardon, T. (2015). The hidden middle: the quiet revolution in the midstream of agrifood value chains in developing countries. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 31, 45–63. Reardon, T., Timmer, C. P., & Minten, B. (2012). The supermarket revolution in Asia and emerging development strategies to include small farmers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the USA, 109(31), 12332–12337. Richards, P., Reardon, T., Tschirley, D., Jayne, T., Oehmke, J., & Atwood, D. (<strong>2016</strong>). Cities and the future of agriculture and food security: a policy and programmatic roundtable. Food Security, DOI 10.1007/s12571-016-0597-3 Sitko, N., & Jayne, T. S. (2014). Structural transformation or elite land capture? The growth of “emergent” farmers in Zambia. Food Policy, 48, 194–202. Stoorvogel, J. J., & Smaling, E., (1990). Assessment of Soil Nutrient Depletion in Sub-Saharan Africa: 1983–2000. Nutrient Balances per Crop and per Land Use System (Report No. 28, Vol. 2). Wageningen, the Netherlands: Winand Staring Center. Timmer, C. P. (1988). The agricultural transformation. Chapter 8. Handbook of Development Economics, 1, 275–331. Tittonell, P., & Giller, K. (2013). When yield gaps are poverty traps: The paradigm of ecological intensification in African smallholder agriculture. Field Crops Research, 143(1), 76–90. Tschirley, D., Snyder, J., Dolislager, M., Reardon, T., Haggblade, S., Goeb, J., . . . & Meyer, F. (2015). Africa’s unfolding diet transformation: implications for agrifood system employment. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 5, 102–136. United Nations (<strong>2016</strong>) World Urbanization Prospects, the 2014 Revision. New York: United Nations. Available at https://esa. un.org/unpd/wup/DataQuery/. Vollrath, D. (2007). Land distribution and international agricultural productivity. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 89(1), 202–216. Yeboah, K., & Jayne, T. S. (<strong>2016</strong>). Africa’s Evolving Employment Structure (International Development Working Paper 147). East Lansing: Michigan State University. Young, A. (1999). Is there really spare land? A critique of estimates of available cultivable land in developing countries. Environment, Development, and Sustainability, 1, 3–18. World Bank. (2015). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC: The World Bank. 20 <strong>AFRICA</strong> <strong>AGRICULTURE</strong> <strong>STATUS</strong> <strong>REPORT</strong> <strong>2016</strong>
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- Page 5 and 6: FOREWORD Over the last decade, mill
- Page 7 and 8: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Africa Agricul
- Page 9 and 10: ACRONYMS Africa Lead AAS AASR AATIF
- Page 11 and 12: FMARD FSN FTF GACSA GAFSP GAIN GART
- Page 13 and 14: SAKSS SBCC SCARDA SCM SDG SDI SI SM
- Page 15 and 16: Introduction For decades, observers
- Page 17 and 18: and changing food diets associated
- Page 19 and 20: Table 1.2: Population growth of sel
- Page 21 and 22: Figure 1.4: Changes in annual agric
- Page 23 and 24: already occurring (Headey & Jayne,
- Page 25 and 26: lease of customary land without the
- Page 27 and 28: Hence, the pattern of trade illustr
- Page 29 and 30: Table 1.4: Changes in farm structur
- Page 31: of the pathway to food and nutritio
- Page 35 and 36: KEY MESSAGES ONE CAADP is an unpara
- Page 37 and 38: Figure 2.1.Overview of the CAADP Im
- Page 39 and 40: level. The success of ReSAKSS is be
- Page 41 and 42: agricultural potential, alternative
- Page 43 and 44: Table 2.1: Trends in selected CAADP
- Page 45 and 46: poverty fell faster during this per
- Page 47 and 48: expenditure (research, extension, i
- Page 49 and 50: Table 2.4. Average annual change in
- Page 51 and 52: captures the individual pathways of
- Page 53 and 54: MA also has to be underpinned by lo
- Page 55 and 56: References African Union. (2014). M
- Page 57 and 58: Meenakshi, J.V., Johnson, N.L., Man
- Page 59 and 60: KEY MESSAGES ONE TWO THREE FOUR Afr
- Page 61 and 62: GDP declined by 1.4 percent in 2009
- Page 63 and 64: from political violence, terrorism,
- Page 65 and 66: interpretation is implied, this obs
- Page 67 and 68: Differences in the African pattern
- Page 69 and 70: Table 3.5: Trends in types of emplo
- Page 71 and 72: that would likely affect the contri
- Page 73 and 74: c. Concentration of farm structure
- Page 75 and 76: a. Invest in education to upgrade t
- Page 77 and 78: These could include policy measures
- Page 79 and 80: References African Center for Econo
- Page 81 and 82: Giller, K. E., Rowe, E. C., de Ridd
- Page 83 and 84:
Ndung’u, N. S. (2016). Viewpoint:
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World Bank. (2015). World developme
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KEY MESSAGES ONE Although sustainab
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BOX 4.1: Components of Sustainable
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of the world. These authors also re
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Further, Locatelli et al. (2008) ha
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Climate and Weather Variability The
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Resilience of livelihoods is determ
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While acknowledging successes of SI
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Entry Points For Sustainable Intens
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BOX 4.4: The CSA Compendium: A scie
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Successful interventions include fo
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Open data combined with agricultura
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According to Tshibaka (2014), evide
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References Abdulai, A., & Delgado,
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Enfors, E. (2013). Social-ecologica
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Lipper, L., Thornton, P., Campbell,
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Toulmin, C., Leonard, R., Brock, K.
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KEY MESSAGES ONE In SSA, sustainabl
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Figure 5.1: Poverty traps framework
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Cereal Yield/Kilogram Per Hectare F
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Table 5.2: Correlation between fact
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Table 5.3: Farmer use of improved i
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Figure 5.9: Agricultural research s
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association is found for cereal out
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AGRA’s Experience The observation
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Increase access to affordable crop
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Sheahan, M., & Barrett, C. B. (2014
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KEY MESSAGES ONE Smallholder farmer
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transformation in Africa. The achie
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from agribusiness actors to smallho
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season, maize prices could be 270 p
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critical challenges and the solutio
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Limited access and high cost of acc
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of onion production in northern Gha
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Conclusions This chapter presents t
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Collins, D., Morduch, ,. J., Ruther
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Minot, N. (2014). Food price volati
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Weatherspoon, D. D., & Reardon, T.
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KEY MESSAGES ONE Access to finance
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esources into agriculture. This in
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Table 7.1: Indicative investments t
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technical knowledge about products.
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continue to experience inadequate a
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Box 7.1: GAFSP: Country Examples Rw
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Private Equity Association, total p
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drawing down assets, and 25 percent
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equires: recognition of the critica
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Policy Recommendations This review
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Meyer, R. L. (2015, March). Financi
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KEY MESSAGES ONE The African contin
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Figure 8.1: Mobile phone based serv
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high input costs, and a disconnecte
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available through less high-tech de
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Figure 8.4: Kenya leads the pack fo
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years and higher quality seeds are
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CASE STUDY FieldLook South Sudan in
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Rationale behind rapid adoption •
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CASE STUDY Eastern Africa Farmer Fe
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many others have none or have strin
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the strategic adoption of ICT with
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To address constraints to improving
- Page 207 and 208:
References Accenture. (2015). Digit
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Gustafson, S. (27.1.2016). The Digi
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Wolfenson K. D. (2013). Coping with
- Page 213 and 214:
KEY MESSAGES ONE A guided evolution
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een registered over the last decade
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the AIS paradigm at policy and prog
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Box 9.2: Rwanda - A Phoenix Rising
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other supportive partners (tertiary
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Table 9.2: SSA AR4D funding through
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(e.g., NARIs, universities, NGOs, F
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Table 9.3: Number of extension agen
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the whole farm whereas the field sc
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approach, organizational or system
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CASE STUDY Regional Universities Fo
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CASE STUDY African Network for Agri
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CASE STUDY FAO—Tropical Agricultu
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Bizimana, C. (2014). Rwanda’s Ach
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Rwanda. Retrieved from http://www.m
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World Bank. (2007). Project Apprais
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KEY MESSAGES ONE The poverty rate a
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Table 10.1: Number of undernourishe
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Figure 10.6: Stunting in children u
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Why single out nutrition matters? A
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BOX 10.1: The 7 Malabo Declaration
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Reducing post-harvest losses FAO es
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BOX 10.4: Growing trend towards a m
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References African Union. (2015). T
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Schmidt, R. H., & Rodrick, G. E. (2
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“Africa is simply tired of being
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2025, tripling intra-African trade,
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towards agricultural transformation
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While agricultural research generat
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258 AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPOR
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Technical Notes The following conve
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Madagascar 72.6 72.3 72.1 71.8 71.2
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Madagascar 2.81 -15.28 6.54 2.19 1.
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Madagascar 351.1 337.2 332.9 323.7
- Page 281 and 282:
Madagascar 2,020 1,967 2,202 2,354
- Page 283 and 284:
Madagascar 86.0 84.2 87.3 91.8 103.
- Page 285 and 286:
Mali .. .. 52.0 15.7 17.5 31.1 22.5
- Page 287 and 288:
Madagascar -0.0053 -0.0075 0.0073 -
- Page 289 and 290:
Malawi 401.9 405.1 437.2 438.9 511.
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Madagascar 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6
- Page 293 and 294:
Madagascar 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.9 2.8 5.6
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Liberia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
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Liberia 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.5