AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 2016

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Nkurunziza, M. (2016). Rwanda: New Strategy to Boost ICT Solutions in Agriculture Launched. Retrieved from http://allafrica.com/stories/201605130171.html WTO. (2014). Agreement on the application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures. WTO. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/15-sps.pdf OECD. (2009). OECD Fruit and Vegetables Scheme; Guidelines on objective tests to determine quality of fruit and vegetables, dry and dried produce. OECD. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/tad/code/47288602.pdf Okujwu, C. (2016). Feed Africa, The Road to Agricultural Transformation in Africa; African Development Bank. Okonjo-Iweala N., Madan J. (2016). Shine a Light on the Gaps; Smallholder Farmers Represent the Next Frontiers for Digital Financial Services. African Farmers in the Digital Age Report. How Digital Solutions Can Enable Rural Development. Foreign Affairs. Digital Thinking Initiative. Ousmane, B., Makombe, T., Collins, J. (2016). Regional Developments; Africa. Chapter 9. 2016 Global Food Policy Report. IFPRI Plantwise. (n.d). Strategy; Our vision for sustainable growth and long-term impact. Retrieved from https://www. plantwise.org/about-plantwise/strategy/ Plantwise. (n.d). Plantwise Knowledge Bank. Retrieved from http://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/home. aspx Pollet, I. (2009). Cooperatives in Africa: The age of reconstruction- synthesis of a survey in nine African countries. ILOMonitor. (2010). Market based Solutions to poverty in Africa Project; Smallholder Farmer Aggregation Models: Commercial Viability and Income Impact. Monitor. Sygenta Foundation. (8.5.2013). FarmForce: Innovative New Mobile Phone Based Agricultural Software Launches in Kenya. Retrieved from http://www.syngentafoundation.org/db/1/1198.pdfMotes. W, C. (2010). Modern Agriculture and Its Benefits- Trends, Implications and Outlook. Global Harvest Initiative Srinivasan, S., Muchiri, S. (2015). Farmer organizations offer ICT solutions. ICT Update Bulletin, Issue 80; CTA SARD. (2007). SARD and farmers’ organizations. Policy Brief 12; SARD. Schwerrmann, J. (2000). Cooperatives and Employment in Africa. ILO Salami, A., Kamara, A.B., Zuzana, B. (2010). Smallholder Agriculture in East Africa: Trends, Constraints and Opportunities. Working Paper Series; AfDB Turner, M. (2014 February). Big data for smallholders. ICT Update Bulletin, Issue No. 76. ICT4Ag Blog. Retrieved from http://ictupdate.cta.int/en/Feature-Articles/Big-data-for-smallholdersRosen, L. (2016). Mobile Market Penetration Sub Saharan Africa. Retrieved from http://www.21stcentech.com/pursuit-global-technical-society/ mobile-market-penetration-sub-saharan-africa/ WEF (2015). The Africa Competitiveness Report, 2015. WEF.Zappa, M. (2014). 15 Emerging Agricultural Technologies that will Change the World. Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com/15-emerging-agriculturetechnologies-2014-4 Warshauer, W. (20.1.2016). How Digital Is Solving Three Problems in Agriculture. Technoserve Blog. Retrieved from http://www.technoserve.org/blog/how-digital-is-solving-three-problems-in-agriculture Williams, T., Mul, M., Cofie, O. (2015). Climate Smart Agriculture in the African Context, Unlocking Africa’s Agricultural Potentials for Transformation to Scale; Feeding Africa. World Bank. (2011). ICT in Agriculture; Connecting smallholders to Knowledge, Networks and Institutions. e-Sourcebook; World Bank World Bank Group. (2016). 2016 World Development Report. Digital Dividends. World Bank Group. World Bank. (2015). Fact Sheet: The World Bank and Agriculture in Africa. Retrieved from http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ AFRICAEXT/0,,contentMDK:21935583~pagePK:146736~piPK:146830~theSitePK:258644,00.html AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 2016 197
Wolfenson K. D. (2013). Coping with the food and agriculture challenge: smallholders’ agenda. UN; Rome, Italy. World Bank. (2012). e-Transform Africa; ICTs for Agriculture in Africa. Retrieved from www.etransformafrica. org WEF (2016). Annual meeting; Global Agenda, Mastering the Fourth Industrial Revolution. WEF Villasenor, J., West, D., Lewis, R. (2015). The 2015 Brookings Financial and Digital Inclusion Project Report; Measuring Progress on Financial Access and Usage. Center for Technology Innovation at Brookings; Washington DC Villasenor, J., West, D., Lewis, R. (August 2016). The 2016 Brookings Financial And Digital Inclusion Project Report; Advancing Equitable Financial Ecosystems. Center for Technology Innovation, Brookings. 198 AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 2016
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AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 20
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FOREWORD Over the last decade, mill
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Africa Agricul
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ACRONYMS Africa Lead AAS AASR AATIF
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FMARD FSN FTF GACSA GAFSP GAIN GART
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SAKSS SBCC SCARDA SCM SDG SDI SI SM
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Introduction For decades, observers
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and changing food diets associated
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Table 1.2: Population growth of sel
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Figure 1.4: Changes in annual agric
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already occurring (Headey & Jayne,
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lease of customary land without the
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Hence, the pattern of trade illustr
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Table 1.4: Changes in farm structur
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of the pathway to food and nutritio
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Jayne, T. S., Chamberlin, J., Traub
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KEY MESSAGES ONE CAADP is an unpara
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Figure 2.1.Overview of the CAADP Im
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level. The success of ReSAKSS is be
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agricultural potential, alternative
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Table 2.1: Trends in selected CAADP
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poverty fell faster during this per
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expenditure (research, extension, i
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Table 2.4. Average annual change in
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captures the individual pathways of
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MA also has to be underpinned by lo
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References African Union. (2014). M
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Meenakshi, J.V., Johnson, N.L., Man
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KEY MESSAGES ONE TWO THREE FOUR Afr
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GDP declined by 1.4 percent in 2009
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from political violence, terrorism,
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interpretation is implied, this obs
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Differences in the African pattern
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Table 3.5: Trends in types of emplo
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that would likely affect the contri
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c. Concentration of farm structure
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a. Invest in education to upgrade t
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These could include policy measures
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References African Center for Econo
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Giller, K. E., Rowe, E. C., de Ridd
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Ndung’u, N. S. (2016). Viewpoint:
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World Bank. (2015). World developme
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KEY MESSAGES ONE Although sustainab
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BOX 4.1: Components of Sustainable
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of the world. These authors also re
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Further, Locatelli et al. (2008) ha
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Climate and Weather Variability The
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Resilience of livelihoods is determ
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While acknowledging successes of SI
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Entry Points For Sustainable Intens
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BOX 4.4: The CSA Compendium: A scie
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Successful interventions include fo
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Open data combined with agricultura
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According to Tshibaka (2014), evide
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References Abdulai, A., & Delgado,
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Enfors, E. (2013). Social-ecologica
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Lipper, L., Thornton, P., Campbell,
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Toulmin, C., Leonard, R., Brock, K.
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KEY MESSAGES ONE In SSA, sustainabl
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Figure 5.1: Poverty traps framework
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Cereal Yield/Kilogram Per Hectare F
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Table 5.2: Correlation between fact
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Table 5.3: Farmer use of improved i
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Figure 5.9: Agricultural research s
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association is found for cereal out
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AGRA’s Experience The observation
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Increase access to affordable crop
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Sheahan, M., & Barrett, C. B. (2014
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KEY MESSAGES ONE Smallholder farmer
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transformation in Africa. The achie
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from agribusiness actors to smallho
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season, maize prices could be 270 p
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critical challenges and the solutio
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Limited access and high cost of acc
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of onion production in northern Gha
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Conclusions This chapter presents t
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Collins, D., Morduch, ,. J., Ruther
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Minot, N. (2014). Food price volati
Page 159 and 160: Weatherspoon, D. D., & Reardon, T.
Page 161 and 162: KEY MESSAGES ONE Access to finance
Page 163 and 164: esources into agriculture. This in
Page 165 and 166: Table 7.1: Indicative investments t
Page 167 and 168: technical knowledge about products.
Page 169 and 170: continue to experience inadequate a
Page 171 and 172: Box 7.1: GAFSP: Country Examples Rw
Page 173 and 174: Private Equity Association, total p
Page 175 and 176: drawing down assets, and 25 percent
Page 177 and 178: equires: recognition of the critica
Page 179 and 180: Policy Recommendations This review
Page 181 and 182: Meyer, R. L. (2015, March). Financi
Page 183 and 184: KEY MESSAGES ONE The African contin
Page 185 and 186: Figure 8.1: Mobile phone based serv
Page 187 and 188: high input costs, and a disconnecte
Page 189 and 190: available through less high-tech de
Page 191 and 192: Figure 8.4: Kenya leads the pack fo
Page 193 and 194: years and higher quality seeds are
Page 195 and 196: CASE STUDY FieldLook South Sudan in
Page 197 and 198: Rationale behind rapid adoption •
Page 199 and 200: CASE STUDY Eastern Africa Farmer Fe
Page 201 and 202: many others have none or have strin
Page 203 and 204: the strategic adoption of ICT with
Page 205 and 206: To address constraints to improving
Page 207 and 208: References Accenture. (2015). Digit
Page 209: Gustafson, S. (27.1.2016). The Digi
Page 213 and 214: KEY MESSAGES ONE A guided evolution
Page 215 and 216: een registered over the last decade
Page 217 and 218: the AIS paradigm at policy and prog
Page 219 and 220: Box 9.2: Rwanda - A Phoenix Rising
Page 221 and 222: other supportive partners (tertiary
Page 223 and 224: Table 9.2: SSA AR4D funding through
Page 225 and 226: (e.g., NARIs, universities, NGOs, F
Page 227 and 228: Table 9.3: Number of extension agen
Page 229 and 230: the whole farm whereas the field sc
Page 231 and 232: approach, organizational or system
Page 233 and 234: CASE STUDY Regional Universities Fo
Page 235 and 236: CASE STUDY African Network for Agri
Page 237 and 238: CASE STUDY FAO—Tropical Agricultu
Page 239 and 240: Bizimana, C. (2014). Rwanda’s Ach
Page 241 and 242: Rwanda. Retrieved from http://www.m
Page 243 and 244: World Bank. (2007). Project Apprais
Page 245 and 246: KEY MESSAGES ONE The poverty rate a
Page 247 and 248: Table 10.1: Number of undernourishe
Page 249 and 250: Figure 10.6: Stunting in children u
Page 251 and 252: Why single out nutrition matters? A
Page 253 and 254: BOX 10.1: The 7 Malabo Declaration
Page 255 and 256: Reducing post-harvest losses FAO es
Page 257 and 258: BOX 10.4: Growing trend towards a m
Page 259 and 260: References African Union. (2015). T
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Schmidt, R. H., & Rodrick, G. E. (2
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“Africa is simply tired of being
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2025, tripling intra-African trade,
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towards agricultural transformation
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While agricultural research generat
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258 AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPOR
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Technical Notes The following conve
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Madagascar 72.6 72.3 72.1 71.8 71.2
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Madagascar 2.81 -15.28 6.54 2.19 1.
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Madagascar 351.1 337.2 332.9 323.7
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Madagascar 2,020 1,967 2,202 2,354
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Madagascar 86.0 84.2 87.3 91.8 103.
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Mali .. .. 52.0 15.7 17.5 31.1 22.5
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Madagascar -0.0053 -0.0075 0.0073 -
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Malawi 401.9 405.1 437.2 438.9 511.
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Madagascar 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6
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Madagascar 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.9 2.8 5.6
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Liberia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
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Liberia 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.5
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