References Affognon, H., Mutungi, C., Sanginga, P., & Borgemeister, C. (2015). Unpacking postharvest losses in sub-Saharan Africa: a meta-analysis. World Development, 66: 49–68. African Center for Economic Transformation. (2015). Promoting Sustainable Rural Development and Transformation in Africa. A Synthesis Report: Lessons Learned and Policy Directions from Twenty Agricultural Value Chain Studies in Five African Countries—Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. Accra, Ghana: ACET. AGRINATURA. (2015, July). Fourth Annual Progress Report on implementation of the Farm Risk Management for Africa (FARMAF) Project. Funded by the European Union. Unpublished report. Paris, France: AGRINATURA. Ahlers, T., Kato, H., Kohli, H. S., Madavo, C., & Sood, A. (2014). Africa 2050: Realizing the Continent’s Full Potential. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Aker, J. C., & Mbiti, I. M. (2010, June). Mobile Phones and Economic Development in Africa (Working Paper 211). Washington, DC: Center for Global Development. Amekuse L, Agyir, J., Acquaye, D., Asante-Dartey, J., & Huijmans, R. (2012). Bawku Red Onion Value Chain study in Ghana. Unpublished report. Produced for TRIAS Ghana and NORTHFIN Foundation, ASNAPP, Ghana. Arias, P., Hallam, D., Krivonos, E., & Morrison, J. (2013). Smallholder integration in changing food markets. Rome, Italy: FAO. Anderson, C., Bezabih, M., & Mannberg, A. (2015). The Ethipian commodity exchange and spatial price dispersion. Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and Environment. Bass, J., & Henderson, K. (2000). Warehouse receipt: Financing agricultural producers. Mali: Technical note no;5 paper for the conference on ‘Advocacy microfinance in rural West Africa; Bamako, Mali. Bellemare, M. F. (2012). As you sow, so shall you reap: The welfare impacts of contract farming. World Development, 40(7), 1418–1434. Beyene, A. (2014). Small farms under stress play a huge role for Africa: smallholder agriculture and emerging global challenges. Uppsala, Sweden: The Nordic Africa Institute. Retrieved from http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/ diva2:748754/FULLTEXT01.pdf Bingi, S. and Tondel, F. (2015). Recent developments in the dairy sector in Eastern Africa: Towards a regional policy framework for value chain development. European Centre for Development Policy Management.Briefing Note, No. 78, September. Business Daily. (2014, July 14). Dairy society eyes new products for growth. Business Daily. Retrieved from http://www. businessdailyafrica.com/Corporate-News/Githunguri-Dairy-plots-to-cement-its-place-in-big-league/539550-2383882- item-0-6e4f3y/index.html Carroll, T., & Andrew, S. (2012). Catalyzing Smallholder Agriculture Finance. . Dalberg Global UA Ruhr Working Papers on Development and Global Governance No.11 82 Development Advisors. CGIAR. (2011). Maize: Not just a question of producing more, but also of storing better. [Online] Retrieved from http:// www.cgiar.org/consortium-news/maize-not-just-a-question-of-producing-more-but-also-of-storing-better/. (Accessed: 20 April <strong>2016</strong>). Chapoto, A., & Jayne, T. S. (2009). The Impacts of Trade Barriers and Market Interventions on Maize Price Predictability: Evidence from Eastern and Southern Africa MSU (International Development Working Paper 102). East Lansing: Michigan State University. Chapoto, A., & Jayne, T.S. (2011). Zambian farmers’ access to maize markets. Food Security Research Project Working Paper 57. Food Security Research Project, Lusaka, Zambia. Chapoto, A., & Zulu-Mbata, O. (2015). Rural Agricultural Livelihood Survey 2015. Survey Report. Lusaka, Zambia Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute. Collectif Stratégies Alimentaires. (2014). Improving family farmers’ market positions in Africa: Importance of farmers’ organizations in West and East Africa and policy recommendations. Brussels: CSA. [Online]. Retrieved from http://www. csa-be.org/?page=collaborer&id_article=977&id_mot=131 (Accessed 3 June <strong>2016</strong>). <strong>AFRICA</strong> <strong>AGRICULTURE</strong> <strong>STATUS</strong> <strong>REPORT</strong> <strong>2016</strong> 141
Collins, D., Morduch, ,. J., Rutherford, S., & Ruthven, ,. O. (2009). Portfolios of the Poor: How the World’s Poor Live on $2 a Day. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Coulter, J. P., & Onumah, G. E. (2002). The role of warehouse receipt systems in enhanced commodity marketing and rural livelihoods in Africa. Food Policy, 27, (4), 319-337. Coulter, J. P. & Poulton, C. (2001). Cereal market liberalisation in Africa. In T. Akiyama, J. Baffes, D. Larson & P. Varangis (Eds.), Commodity market reforms: lessons of two decades (pp. 191–226). Washington, DC: The World Bank. Cummings, R., Rashid, S., & Gulati, A. (2009). Grain price stabilization experiences in Asia: What have we learned? Food Policy, 31(4), 328–341. Demeke, M., & Balie, J. (<strong>2016</strong>). Assessment of national policies in developing countries to combat and mitigate effects of agricultural markets’ excessive price volatility. In A. Garrido, B. Brummer, R. M’Barek, M. P. M. Meuwissen & C. Morales- Opazo (Eds.), Agricultural Markets Instability: Revisiting the recent food crisis (pp. 161–177). London and New York: Routledge. Dercon, S., & Hoddinott, J. (2005). Livelihoods, Growth, and Links to Market Towns in 15 Ethiopian Villages (FCND Discussion Paper 194). Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. Di Maio, M. (2014). Industrial Policy: History, Theory and Empirical Evidence. Presentation at HDFS Masters University of Roma Tre. Dorosh, P., Wang, H., You, L., & Schmidt, E., (2010). Crop Production and Road Connectivity in Sub-Saharan Africa: A spatial Analysis. Policy Research working paper 5385. Africa Region: World Bank. Dorosh, P., Dradri, S., & Haggblade, S. (2009). Regional trade, government policy and food security: Recent evidence from Zambia. Food Policy, 34, 350–366. Dorosh, P., Wang, H. G., You, L., & Schmidt, E. (2012). Road connectivity, population, and crop production in Sub- Saharan Africa. Agricultural Economics, 43, 89–103. Eastern Africa Farmers’ Federation. (2013). Agriculture financing models and approaches for farmers and farmer organizations in eastern Africa. 2nd Draft Report. Nairobi, Kenya: EAFF. Fafchamps, M., & Hill, R. V. (2007). Price transmission and trader entry in domestic commodity markets. Economic Development and cultural change, 56(4): 729-766. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). (2011). FAOStat database on agricultural trade. Rome. http://faostat.fao.org/ site/535/default.aspx#ancor. Retrieved from http://faostat.fao.org/site/535/default.aspx#ancor Fan, S., Brzeska, J., & Halsema, A. (2013, July). From Subsistence to Profit: Transforming Smallholder Farms (Food Policy Report). Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. Fan, S., Hazell, P., & Thorat, S. (2000). Government spending, agricultural growth, and poverty in rural India. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 82(4), 1038–1051. Fan, S., Zhang, L., & Zhang, X. (2002). Growth, Inequality, and Poverty in Rural China: The Role of Public Investments. International Food Policy Research Institute Research Report 125. Washington, DC: IFPRI. Ferris, S., Robbins, P., Best, R., Seville, D., Buxton, A., Shriver, J., & Wei, E. (2014). Linking smallholder farmers to markets and the implications for extension and advisory services. MEAS Discussion Paper 4). Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Gálvez -Nogales, E., & Fonseca, J. (2014). Institutional procurement of staples from smallholders: The case of purchase for progress in Ethiopia. FAOBackground Paper Rome, Italy: [Online]. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/a-bc572e.pdf (Accessed 9 May <strong>2016</strong>). Gibbon, P., & Ponte, S. (2005). Trading Down: Africa, Value Chains and the Global Economy. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Höllinger, F., Rutten, L., & Kariakor, K. (2009). The use of warehouse receipt finance in agriculture in transition countries. FAO Investment Centre, working paper, (presented at the World Grain Forum, St Petersburg Russia. International Fund for Agricultural Development. (2015, October). Report on Uganda Agricultural Risk Assessment Study, IFAD-Platform for Agricultural Risk Management (PARM). Rome, Italy: International Fund for Agricultural Development. 142 <strong>AFRICA</strong> <strong>AGRICULTURE</strong> <strong>STATUS</strong> <strong>REPORT</strong> <strong>2016</strong>
- Page 2:
AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 20
- Page 5 and 6:
FOREWORD Over the last decade, mill
- Page 7 and 8:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Africa Agricul
- Page 9 and 10:
ACRONYMS Africa Lead AAS AASR AATIF
- Page 11 and 12:
FMARD FSN FTF GACSA GAFSP GAIN GART
- Page 13 and 14:
SAKSS SBCC SCARDA SCM SDG SDI SI SM
- Page 15 and 16:
Introduction For decades, observers
- Page 17 and 18:
and changing food diets associated
- Page 19 and 20:
Table 1.2: Population growth of sel
- Page 21 and 22:
Figure 1.4: Changes in annual agric
- Page 23 and 24:
already occurring (Headey & Jayne,
- Page 25 and 26:
lease of customary land without the
- Page 27 and 28:
Hence, the pattern of trade illustr
- Page 29 and 30:
Table 1.4: Changes in farm structur
- Page 31 and 32:
of the pathway to food and nutritio
- Page 33 and 34:
Jayne, T. S., Chamberlin, J., Traub
- Page 35 and 36:
KEY MESSAGES ONE CAADP is an unpara
- Page 37 and 38:
Figure 2.1.Overview of the CAADP Im
- Page 39 and 40:
level. The success of ReSAKSS is be
- Page 41 and 42:
agricultural potential, alternative
- Page 43 and 44:
Table 2.1: Trends in selected CAADP
- Page 45 and 46:
poverty fell faster during this per
- Page 47 and 48:
expenditure (research, extension, i
- Page 49 and 50:
Table 2.4. Average annual change in
- Page 51 and 52:
captures the individual pathways of
- Page 53 and 54:
MA also has to be underpinned by lo
- Page 55 and 56:
References African Union. (2014). M
- Page 57 and 58:
Meenakshi, J.V., Johnson, N.L., Man
- Page 59 and 60:
KEY MESSAGES ONE TWO THREE FOUR Afr
- Page 61 and 62:
GDP declined by 1.4 percent in 2009
- Page 63 and 64:
from political violence, terrorism,
- Page 65 and 66:
interpretation is implied, this obs
- Page 67 and 68:
Differences in the African pattern
- Page 69 and 70:
Table 3.5: Trends in types of emplo
- Page 71 and 72:
that would likely affect the contri
- Page 73 and 74:
c. Concentration of farm structure
- Page 75 and 76:
a. Invest in education to upgrade t
- Page 77 and 78:
These could include policy measures
- Page 79 and 80:
References African Center for Econo
- Page 81 and 82:
Giller, K. E., Rowe, E. C., de Ridd
- Page 83 and 84:
Ndung’u, N. S. (2016). Viewpoint:
- Page 85 and 86:
World Bank. (2015). World developme
- Page 87 and 88:
KEY MESSAGES ONE Although sustainab
- Page 89 and 90:
BOX 4.1: Components of Sustainable
- Page 91 and 92:
of the world. These authors also re
- Page 93 and 94:
Further, Locatelli et al. (2008) ha
- Page 95 and 96:
Climate and Weather Variability The
- Page 97 and 98:
Resilience of livelihoods is determ
- Page 99 and 100:
While acknowledging successes of SI
- Page 101 and 102:
Entry Points For Sustainable Intens
- Page 103 and 104: BOX 4.4: The CSA Compendium: A scie
- Page 105 and 106: Successful interventions include fo
- Page 107 and 108: Open data combined with agricultura
- Page 109 and 110: According to Tshibaka (2014), evide
- Page 111 and 112: References Abdulai, A., & Delgado,
- Page 113 and 114: Enfors, E. (2013). Social-ecologica
- Page 115 and 116: Lipper, L., Thornton, P., Campbell,
- Page 117 and 118: Toulmin, C., Leonard, R., Brock, K.
- Page 119 and 120: KEY MESSAGES ONE In SSA, sustainabl
- Page 121 and 122: Figure 5.1: Poverty traps framework
- Page 123 and 124: Cereal Yield/Kilogram Per Hectare F
- Page 125 and 126: Table 5.2: Correlation between fact
- Page 127 and 128: Table 5.3: Farmer use of improved i
- Page 129 and 130: Figure 5.9: Agricultural research s
- Page 131 and 132: association is found for cereal out
- Page 133 and 134: AGRA’s Experience The observation
- Page 135 and 136: Increase access to affordable crop
- Page 137 and 138: Sheahan, M., & Barrett, C. B. (2014
- Page 139 and 140: KEY MESSAGES ONE Smallholder farmer
- Page 141 and 142: transformation in Africa. The achie
- Page 143 and 144: from agribusiness actors to smallho
- Page 145 and 146: season, maize prices could be 270 p
- Page 147 and 148: critical challenges and the solutio
- Page 149 and 150: Limited access and high cost of acc
- Page 151 and 152: of onion production in northern Gha
- Page 153: Conclusions This chapter presents t
- Page 157 and 158: Minot, N. (2014). Food price volati
- Page 159 and 160: Weatherspoon, D. D., & Reardon, T.
- Page 161 and 162: KEY MESSAGES ONE Access to finance
- Page 163 and 164: esources into agriculture. This in
- Page 165 and 166: Table 7.1: Indicative investments t
- Page 167 and 168: technical knowledge about products.
- Page 169 and 170: continue to experience inadequate a
- Page 171 and 172: Box 7.1: GAFSP: Country Examples Rw
- Page 173 and 174: Private Equity Association, total p
- Page 175 and 176: drawing down assets, and 25 percent
- Page 177 and 178: equires: recognition of the critica
- Page 179 and 180: Policy Recommendations This review
- Page 181 and 182: Meyer, R. L. (2015, March). Financi
- Page 183 and 184: KEY MESSAGES ONE The African contin
- Page 185 and 186: Figure 8.1: Mobile phone based serv
- Page 187 and 188: high input costs, and a disconnecte
- Page 189 and 190: available through less high-tech de
- Page 191 and 192: Figure 8.4: Kenya leads the pack fo
- Page 193 and 194: years and higher quality seeds are
- Page 195 and 196: CASE STUDY FieldLook South Sudan in
- Page 197 and 198: Rationale behind rapid adoption •
- Page 199 and 200: CASE STUDY Eastern Africa Farmer Fe
- Page 201 and 202: many others have none or have strin
- Page 203 and 204: the strategic adoption of ICT with
- Page 205 and 206:
To address constraints to improving
- Page 207 and 208:
References Accenture. (2015). Digit
- Page 209 and 210:
Gustafson, S. (27.1.2016). The Digi
- Page 211 and 212:
Wolfenson K. D. (2013). Coping with
- Page 213 and 214:
KEY MESSAGES ONE A guided evolution
- Page 215 and 216:
een registered over the last decade
- Page 217 and 218:
the AIS paradigm at policy and prog
- Page 219 and 220:
Box 9.2: Rwanda - A Phoenix Rising
- Page 221 and 222:
other supportive partners (tertiary
- Page 223 and 224:
Table 9.2: SSA AR4D funding through
- Page 225 and 226:
(e.g., NARIs, universities, NGOs, F
- Page 227 and 228:
Table 9.3: Number of extension agen
- Page 229 and 230:
the whole farm whereas the field sc
- Page 231 and 232:
approach, organizational or system
- Page 233 and 234:
CASE STUDY Regional Universities Fo
- Page 235 and 236:
CASE STUDY African Network for Agri
- Page 237 and 238:
CASE STUDY FAO—Tropical Agricultu
- Page 239 and 240:
Bizimana, C. (2014). Rwanda’s Ach
- Page 241 and 242:
Rwanda. Retrieved from http://www.m
- Page 243 and 244:
World Bank. (2007). Project Apprais
- Page 245 and 246:
KEY MESSAGES ONE The poverty rate a
- Page 247 and 248:
Table 10.1: Number of undernourishe
- Page 249 and 250:
Figure 10.6: Stunting in children u
- Page 251 and 252:
Why single out nutrition matters? A
- Page 253 and 254:
BOX 10.1: The 7 Malabo Declaration
- Page 255 and 256:
Reducing post-harvest losses FAO es
- Page 257 and 258:
BOX 10.4: Growing trend towards a m
- Page 259 and 260:
References African Union. (2015). T
- Page 261 and 262:
Schmidt, R. H., & Rodrick, G. E. (2
- Page 263 and 264:
“Africa is simply tired of being
- Page 265 and 266:
2025, tripling intra-African trade,
- Page 267 and 268:
towards agricultural transformation
- Page 269 and 270:
While agricultural research generat
- Page 271 and 272:
258 AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPOR
- Page 273 and 274:
Technical Notes The following conve
- Page 275 and 276:
Madagascar 72.6 72.3 72.1 71.8 71.2
- Page 277 and 278:
Madagascar 2.81 -15.28 6.54 2.19 1.
- Page 279 and 280:
Madagascar 351.1 337.2 332.9 323.7
- Page 281 and 282:
Madagascar 2,020 1,967 2,202 2,354
- Page 283 and 284:
Madagascar 86.0 84.2 87.3 91.8 103.
- Page 285 and 286:
Mali .. .. 52.0 15.7 17.5 31.1 22.5
- Page 287 and 288:
Madagascar -0.0053 -0.0075 0.0073 -
- Page 289 and 290:
Malawi 401.9 405.1 437.2 438.9 511.
- Page 291 and 292:
Madagascar 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6
- Page 293 and 294:
Madagascar 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.9 2.8 5.6
- Page 295 and 296:
Liberia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
- Page 297:
Liberia 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.5