AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 2016

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References Adekunle, A. A., Ellis-Jones, J., Ajibefun, I., Nyikal, R. A., Bangali, S., Fatunbi, O., & Ange, A. (2012). Agricultural innovation in sub-Saharan Africa: experiences from multiple-stakeholder approaches. Accra, Ghana: Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa. African Capacity Building Foundation. (2012). Africa Capacity Indicators 2012: Capacity Development for Agricultural Transformation and Food Security. . Retrieved from http://www.acbf-pact.org/what-we-do/how-wedo-it/knowledge-learning/africa-capacity-report (Accessed 29 May 2016). Akinbamijo, O., & Ojijo, N. K. O. (2014). “The Organic Option for a Greener World.” A keynote paper presented by the FARA Executive Director at the 18th IFOAM Organic World Congress, held 13-15 October 2014, in İstanbul, Turkey. Akinbamijo, Y., & Ojijo, N. K. O. (2016). “Situating the grain legume agenda in African agricultural research for development strategies.” A keynote paper presented by the FARA Executive Director at the Pan-African Grain Legume and World Cowpea Conference, held 28 February to 4 March 2016 at the AVANI Victoria Falls Resort in Livingstone, Zambia. Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa. (2014). Africa Agriculture Status Report: Climate Change and smallholder agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa. Nairobi: AGRA. Alston, J. M., Wyatt, T. J., Pardey, P. G., Marra, M. C., & Chan-Kang, C. (2000). A meta-analysis of rates of return to agricultural Research and Development. Washington, DC: IFPRI. Alves, E. (2012). Embrapa: a successful case of institutional innovation. In G. B. M. Junior & J. B. S. F. Filho, (Eds.), Brazilian Agriculture Development and Changes (pp. 144–161). Brasília, DF: Brazil: Embrapa.. African Network for Agriculture, Agroforestry and Natural Resources Education. (2014). Annual Report 2014. Retrieved from http://anafe-africa.org/reports/ (Accessed 4 July 2016). NOT IN TEXT Ariho, A., Karuppanchetty, S. M., & Kumar, R. B. (2014). “Technologies for African Agribusiness Development”. Agri-Business Incubation Program of Agribusiness and Innovation Platform, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru-502324, Telangana, India. Retrieved from http://oar. icrisat.org/9064/1/Technologies%20for%20African%20Agri-Business%20Development.pdf (Accessed 10 July 2016). Bahiigwa, G., Collins, J., Makombe, T., Jemaneh, S., & Tefera, W. (2014). Tracking Key CAADP Indicators and Implementation. In O. Badiane, T. Makombe, & G. Bahiigwa, (Eds.), Promoting Agricultural Trade to Enhance Resilience in Africa (pp. 70–77). ReSAKSS Annual Trends and Outlook Report 2013. Washington, DC: IFPRI. Baser, H., & Morgan, P. (2008). Capacity, change and performance: A study report. ECDPM Discussion Paper No. 59B. European Centre for Development Policy Management (Centre européen de gestion des politiques de développement). ECDPM, Maastricht. Available at: http://ecdpm.org/publications/capacity-change-performancestudy-report. Accessed 12 August 2016. Beintema, N. M., & Gert-Jan Stads, G.-J. (2008). Measuring agricultural research investments A revised global picture. Retrieved from http://www.asti.cgiar.org/pdf/Global_revision.pdf (Accessed 11 July 2016). Beintema, N. and Stads, J. G. (2014). Taking Stock of National Agricultural R&D Capacity in Africa South of the Sahara. ASTI Synthesis Report. ASTI/IFPRI, Available at: http://www.asti.cgiar.org/pdf/AfricaRegionalReport2014. pdf. (Accessed 19 May 2016). Bell, M. (2015). ICT−Powering Behavior Change for a Brighter Agricultural Future (MEAS Technical Note). Modernizing Extension and Advisory Services Project. Washington DC: USAID. Bellu, L. G. (2011). Development and Development Paradigms: A (Reasoned) Review of Prevailing Visions. EASYPol Resources for Policy Making. Module 102. Rome, Italy: FAO. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/docs/ up/easypol/882/defining_development_paradigms_102en.pdf (Accessed 16 May 2016). Beye, G. (2002). Impact of Foreign Assistance on Institutional Development of National Agricultural Research Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa (FAO Research and Technology Paper 10). Rome, Italy: SPAAR and FAO. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/Y4349E/y4349e05.htm#bm05 (Accessed 11 August 2016). AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 2016 225
Bizimana, C. (2014). Rwanda’s Achievements under CAADP I (2008–2012). Rwanda Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support Systems (SAKSS), Ministry of Agriculture, Kigali, Rwanda. CGIAR (2014). Capacity Development Framework. CGIAR Capacity Development Community of Practice. Retrieved from http://www.cgiar.org/consortium-news/supporting-incorporation-of-capacity-developmentinto-cgiar-activities-a-new-framework-now-available/ Accessed on 11 August 2016. Chema, S., Gilbert, E., & Roseboom, J. (2003). A Review of Key Issues and Recent Experiences in Reforming Agricultural Research in Africa. ISNAR Research Report 24. The Hague: International Service for National Agricultural Research. Christoplos, I. (2010). Mobilizing the potential of rural and agricultural extension. Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension. Rome: FAO. Davis, K., Franzel, S., Spielman, D. (2016). Extension Options for Better Livelihoods and Poverty Reduction: A Selected Review 2012–2015. MSU International Development Paper No. 143. Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan. Retrieved from http://fsg.afre.msu.edu/papers/idwp143.pdf Dietz, T., Foeken, D., Soeters, S. and Klaver, W. (2014). Agricultural dynamics and food security trends in Kenya. Developmental Regimes in Africa (DRA) Project, ASC-AFCA Collaborative Research Group: Agro- Food Clusters in Africa (AFCA). Research Report 2013-ASC-4. London/Leiden. Eicher, C. K. (2006). The evolution of agricultural education and training: Global insights of relevance for Africa. Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/ sd/erp/documents2006/globalaetinsightseicher.pdf European Commission. (2008). European Commission Non-Paper: Guidelines on Agricultural Research for Development. European Commission. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/sites/devco/files/ methodology-agricultural-research-for-development-200806_en_2.pdf (Accessed 31 May 2016). Evenson, R. (1997). The economic contributions of agricultural extension to agricultural and rural development. In B. Swanson, R. Bentz & Sofranko, A. (Eds.), Improving Agricultural Extension: A reference manual (pp. 27–36). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2016). The TAP Common Framework on Capacity Development for Agriculture Innovation System. FAO, Rome, Italy. Retrieved from http://www.tropagplatform. org/overview-tap-common-framework (Accessed 19 May 2016). Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa. (2006). Agricultural Research Delivery in Africa: An Assessment of the Requirements for Efficient, Effective and Productive National Agricultural Research Systems in Africa. Main Report and Strategic Recommendations. FARA, Accra, Ghana. Unpublished. Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa. (2006). Framework for African Agricultural Productivity / Cadre pour la productivité agricole en Afrique. Accra, Ghana: FARA. Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa. (2014). Science agenda for agriculture in Africa (S3A): “Connecting Science” to transform agriculture in Africa. Accra, Ghana: FARA. Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa. (2015). Operationalising the ‘Science Agenda Consortium’ for CAADP Accelerated Africa Agricultural Growth and Transformation (A3GT). FARA, Accra, Ghana. Unpublished. Faure, G., Pautrizel, L., de Romémont, A., Toillier, A., Odru, M., & Havard, M. (2015). Management Advice for Family Farms to Strengthen Entrepreneurial Skills. Note 8. GFRAS Good Practice Notes for Extension and Advisory Services. GFRAS: Lindau, Switzerland. Franzel, S., Sinja, J., & Simpson, B. (2014). Farmer-to-farmer extension in Kenya: the perspectives of organizations using the approach. ICRAF Working Paper No. 181. Nairobi: World Agroforestry Centre. Franzel, S., Degrande, A. Kiptot, E., Kirui, J., Kugonza, J., Preissing, J., & Simpson, B. (2015a). Farmer-to- 226 AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 2016
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AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPORT 20
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FOREWORD Over the last decade, mill
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Africa Agricul
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ACRONYMS Africa Lead AAS AASR AATIF
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FMARD FSN FTF GACSA GAFSP GAIN GART
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SAKSS SBCC SCARDA SCM SDG SDI SI SM
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Introduction For decades, observers
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and changing food diets associated
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Table 1.2: Population growth of sel
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Figure 1.4: Changes in annual agric
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already occurring (Headey & Jayne,
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lease of customary land without the
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Hence, the pattern of trade illustr
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Table 1.4: Changes in farm structur
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of the pathway to food and nutritio
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Jayne, T. S., Chamberlin, J., Traub
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KEY MESSAGES ONE CAADP is an unpara
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Figure 2.1.Overview of the CAADP Im
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level. The success of ReSAKSS is be
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agricultural potential, alternative
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Table 2.1: Trends in selected CAADP
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poverty fell faster during this per
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expenditure (research, extension, i
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Table 2.4. Average annual change in
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captures the individual pathways of
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MA also has to be underpinned by lo
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References African Union. (2014). M
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Meenakshi, J.V., Johnson, N.L., Man
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KEY MESSAGES ONE TWO THREE FOUR Afr
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GDP declined by 1.4 percent in 2009
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from political violence, terrorism,
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interpretation is implied, this obs
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Differences in the African pattern
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Table 3.5: Trends in types of emplo
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that would likely affect the contri
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c. Concentration of farm structure
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a. Invest in education to upgrade t
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These could include policy measures
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References African Center for Econo
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Giller, K. E., Rowe, E. C., de Ridd
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Ndung’u, N. S. (2016). Viewpoint:
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World Bank. (2015). World developme
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KEY MESSAGES ONE Although sustainab
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BOX 4.1: Components of Sustainable
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of the world. These authors also re
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Further, Locatelli et al. (2008) ha
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Climate and Weather Variability The
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Resilience of livelihoods is determ
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While acknowledging successes of SI
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Entry Points For Sustainable Intens
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BOX 4.4: The CSA Compendium: A scie
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Successful interventions include fo
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Open data combined with agricultura
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According to Tshibaka (2014), evide
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References Abdulai, A., & Delgado,
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Enfors, E. (2013). Social-ecologica
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Lipper, L., Thornton, P., Campbell,
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Toulmin, C., Leonard, R., Brock, K.
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KEY MESSAGES ONE In SSA, sustainabl
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Figure 5.1: Poverty traps framework
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Cereal Yield/Kilogram Per Hectare F
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Table 5.2: Correlation between fact
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Table 5.3: Farmer use of improved i
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Figure 5.9: Agricultural research s
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association is found for cereal out
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AGRA’s Experience The observation
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Increase access to affordable crop
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Sheahan, M., & Barrett, C. B. (2014
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KEY MESSAGES ONE Smallholder farmer
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transformation in Africa. The achie
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from agribusiness actors to smallho
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season, maize prices could be 270 p
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critical challenges and the solutio
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Limited access and high cost of acc
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of onion production in northern Gha
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Conclusions This chapter presents t
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Collins, D., Morduch, ,. J., Ruther
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Minot, N. (2014). Food price volati
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Weatherspoon, D. D., & Reardon, T.
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KEY MESSAGES ONE Access to finance
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esources into agriculture. This in
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Table 7.1: Indicative investments t
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technical knowledge about products.
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continue to experience inadequate a
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Box 7.1: GAFSP: Country Examples Rw
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Private Equity Association, total p
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drawing down assets, and 25 percent
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equires: recognition of the critica
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Policy Recommendations This review
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Meyer, R. L. (2015, March). Financi
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KEY MESSAGES ONE The African contin
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Figure 8.1: Mobile phone based serv
Page 187 and 188: high input costs, and a disconnecte
Page 189 and 190: available through less high-tech de
Page 191 and 192: Figure 8.4: Kenya leads the pack fo
Page 193 and 194: years and higher quality seeds are
Page 195 and 196: CASE STUDY FieldLook South Sudan in
Page 197 and 198: Rationale behind rapid adoption •
Page 199 and 200: CASE STUDY Eastern Africa Farmer Fe
Page 201 and 202: many others have none or have strin
Page 203 and 204: the strategic adoption of ICT with
Page 205 and 206: To address constraints to improving
Page 207 and 208: References Accenture. (2015). Digit
Page 209 and 210: Gustafson, S. (27.1.2016). The Digi
Page 211 and 212: Wolfenson K. D. (2013). Coping with
Page 213 and 214: KEY MESSAGES ONE A guided evolution
Page 215 and 216: een registered over the last decade
Page 217 and 218: the AIS paradigm at policy and prog
Page 219 and 220: Box 9.2: Rwanda - A Phoenix Rising
Page 221 and 222: other supportive partners (tertiary
Page 223 and 224: Table 9.2: SSA AR4D funding through
Page 225 and 226: (e.g., NARIs, universities, NGOs, F
Page 227 and 228: Table 9.3: Number of extension agen
Page 229 and 230: the whole farm whereas the field sc
Page 231 and 232: approach, organizational or system
Page 233 and 234: CASE STUDY Regional Universities Fo
Page 235 and 236: CASE STUDY African Network for Agri
Page 237: CASE STUDY FAO—Tropical Agricultu
Page 241 and 242: Rwanda. Retrieved from http://www.m
Page 243 and 244: World Bank. (2007). Project Apprais
Page 245 and 246: KEY MESSAGES ONE The poverty rate a
Page 247 and 248: Table 10.1: Number of undernourishe
Page 249 and 250: Figure 10.6: Stunting in children u
Page 251 and 252: Why single out nutrition matters? A
Page 253 and 254: BOX 10.1: The 7 Malabo Declaration
Page 255 and 256: Reducing post-harvest losses FAO es
Page 257 and 258: BOX 10.4: Growing trend towards a m
Page 259 and 260: References African Union. (2015). T
Page 261 and 262: Schmidt, R. H., & Rodrick, G. E. (2
Page 263 and 264: “Africa is simply tired of being
Page 265 and 266: 2025, tripling intra-African trade,
Page 267 and 268: towards agricultural transformation
Page 269 and 270: While agricultural research generat
Page 271 and 272: 258 AFRICA AGRICULTURE STATUS REPOR
Page 273 and 274: Technical Notes The following conve
Page 275 and 276: Madagascar 72.6 72.3 72.1 71.8 71.2
Page 277 and 278: Madagascar 2.81 -15.28 6.54 2.19 1.
Page 279 and 280: Madagascar 351.1 337.2 332.9 323.7
Page 281 and 282: Madagascar 2,020 1,967 2,202 2,354
Page 283 and 284: Madagascar 86.0 84.2 87.3 91.8 103.
Page 285 and 286: Mali .. .. 52.0 15.7 17.5 31.1 22.5
Page 287 and 288: Madagascar -0.0053 -0.0075 0.0073 -
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Malawi 401.9 405.1 437.2 438.9 511.
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Madagascar 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6
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Madagascar 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.9 2.8 5.6
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Liberia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
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Liberia 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.5
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