Malawi 2015-16

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Table 11.13 Micronutrient intake among mothers Among women age 15-49 with a child born in the 5 years before the survey, percent distribution by number of days they took iron tablets during the pregnancy of the last child, and percentage who took deworming medication during the pregnancy of the last child; and among women age 15-49 with a child born in the 5 years before the survey and who live in households that were tested for iodised salt, percentage who live in households with iodised salt, according to background characteristic, Malawi DHS 2015-16 Among women with a child born in the past 5 years, number of days women took iron tablets during pregnancy of last birth: Background characteristic None
MALARIA 12 Key Findings Ownership of insecticide-treated nets (ITN): The percentage of households in Malawi that own at least one ITN increased from 27% in 2004 to 57% in 2010 but did not change between 2010 and 2015-16. Use of ITNs: The ITN use among children under age 5 has increased over the years, from 15% in 2004 to 39% in 2010, and 43% in 2015-16. Among pregnant women, ITN use increased from 15% in 2004 to 35% in 2010, and 44% in 2015-16. Intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy (IPTp): Eighty-seven percent of women with a live birth in the 2 years before the survey reported taking one or more doses of SP/Fansidar during an antenatal (ANC) visit; 63% reported taking two or more doses, and 30% reported taking three or more doses of SP/Fansidar. Case management of malaria in children: Among children under age 5 who had a fever during the 2 weeks before the survey, advice or treatment was sought for 67%. Blood was taken from a finger or heel for testing of 52% of children. Prevalence of low haemoglobin: Six percent of children in Malawi have haemoglobin levels less than 8g/dl. T his chapter presents data that are useful for assessing how well malaria control strategies are implemented, including indoor residual spraying of dwellings with insecticides, the availability and use of mosquito nets, the prophylactic and therapeutic use of antimalarial drugs, diagnostic testing of children with fever, and the prevalence of anaemia among children under age 5. 12.1 OWNERSHIP OF INSECTICIDE-TREATED NETS Ownership of insecticide-treated nets Households with at least one insecticide-treated net (ITN). An ITN is defined as: (1) a factory-treated net that does not require any further treatment (longlasting insecticidal net (LLIN) or (2) a net that has been soaked with insecticide within the past 12 months. Sample: Households Full household ITN coverage Percentage of households with at least one ITN for every two people. Sample: Households Malaria • 183
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Malawi Demographic and Health Surve
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The 2015-16 Malawi Demographic and
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4.3 Age at First Marriage .........
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13.9.1 Knowledge ..................
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TABLES AND FIGURES 1 INTRODUCTION A
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6 FERTILITY PREFERENCES ...........
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11 NUTRITION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN
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Figure 14.1 HIV prevalence by age .
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Table A-3.8.1 Type of earnings: Wom
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Table A-16.9.1 Women’s participat
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FOREWORD T he 2016-16 Malawi Demogr
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LA LAM LLIN LPG MAD MDHS MICS PPHC
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Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
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Example 2: Prevalence and Treatment
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Example 3: Understanding Sampling W
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xxxii • Map of Malawi
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The information collected in the 20
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ecorded on the Biomarker Questionna
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1.5 PRETEST The pretest for the 201
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HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS AND 2 HOUSE
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About half of Malawian households (
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A total of 117,177 individuals stay
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Patterns by background characterist
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school. The attendance rate decline
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Table 2.3 Household sanitation faci
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Table 2.5 Wealth quintiles Percent
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Table 2.9 Household composition Per
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Table 2.11 Children’s living arra
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Table 2.12.2 Educational attainment
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Table 2.14.1 Child functioning and
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS 3 Ke
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• Women and men living in urban a
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Women and men are most commonly emp
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Table 3.1 Background characteristic
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Table 3.3.1 Literacy: Women Percent
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Table 3.5.1 Internet usage: Women P
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Table 3.6.1 Employment status: Wome
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Table 3.7.1 Occupation: Women Perce
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Table 3.8 Type of employment: Women
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Table 3.10.1 Tobacco smoking: Women
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Table 3.11 Average number of cigare
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Table 3.13.2 Knowledge and attitude
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Figure 4.1 Marital status Percent d
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marriage. The median age at first i
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Table 4.1 Current marital status Pe
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Table 4.3 Age at first marriage Per
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Table 4.5 Age at first sexual inter
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Table 4.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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FERTILITY 5 Key Findings Total
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5.3 BIRTH INTERVALS Median birth in
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5.5 AGE AT FIRST BIRTH Median age a
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LIST OF TABLES For more information
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Table 5.3.1 Trends in age-specific
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Table 5.6 Postpartum amenorrhea, ab
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Table 5.10 Median age at first birt
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Trends: The percentage of currently
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Trends: Since 1992, the proportion
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Table 6.1 Fertility preferences by
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Table 6.3 Ideal number of children
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Table 6.5 Fertility planning status
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Overall, the contraceptive prevalen
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Nearly 8 in 10 (79%) of all modern
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Seventy-eight percent of currently
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the survey (Table 7.16). Ten percen
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Table 7.3 Current use of contracept
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Table 7.7 Informed choice Among cur
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Table 7.12.1 Need and demand for fa
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Table 7.13 Decision-making about fa
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Table 7.16 Contact of nonusers with
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• Any method of measuring childho
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Table 8.3 Early childhood mortality
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Table 8.5 High-risk fertility behav
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9.1 ANTENATAL CARE COVERAGE AND CON
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Trends: Since 1992, the rates of C-
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9.7 PROBLEMS IN ACCESSING HEALTH CA
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Table 9.3 Components of antenatal c
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Table 9.5 Place of delivery Percent
Page 166 and 167: Table 9.7 Caesarean section Percent
Page 168 and 169: Table 9.10 Type of provider of firs
Page 170 and 171: Table 9.12 Type of provider of firs
Page 172 and 173: Table 9.14 Pregnancy outcomes Perce
Page 174 and 175: Table 9.16 Problems in accessing he
Page 176 and 177: childhood death. In the 2015-16 MDH
Page 178 and 179: • Vaccination coverage generally
Page 180 and 181: of giving the same or more food to
Page 182 and 183: Table 10.1 Child’s size and weigh
Page 184 and 185: Table 10.3 Vaccinations by backgrou
Page 186 and 187: Table 10.5 Prevalence and treatment
Page 188 and 189: Table 10.7 Prevalence and treatment
Page 190 and 191: Table 10.9 Oral rehydration therapy
Page 192 and 193: Table 10.11 Disposal of children’
Page 194 and 195: which the baby’s weight to be dis
Page 196 and 197: 11.2 INFANT AND YOUNG CHILD FEEDING
Page 198 and 199: have shown that plant-based complem
Page 200 and 201: 11.3 ANAEMIA PREVALENCE IN CHILDREN
Page 202 and 203: Information on BMI is presented in
Page 204 and 205: Table 11.1 Nutritional status of ch
Page 206 and 207: Table 11.3 Breastfeeding status acc
Page 208 and 209: Table 11.5 Foods and liquids consum
Page 210 and 211: Table 11.7 Prevalence of anaemia in
Page 212 and 213: Table 11.9 Micronutrient intake amo
Page 214 and 215: Table 11.11 Nutritional status of w
Page 218 and 219: The ownership and use of both treat
Page 220 and 221: 12.3 HOUSEHOLD ACCESS AND USE OF IT
Page 222 and 223: SP during routine ANC visits. Follo
Page 224 and 225: Trends: The percentage of children
Page 226 and 227: Table 12.3 Indoor residual spraying
Page 228 and 229: Table 12.7 Use of existing ITNs Per
Page 230 and 231: Table 12.11 Prevalence, diagnosis,
Page 232 and 233: Table 12.13 Type of antimalarial dr
Page 235 and 236: HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, 13 ATTI
Page 237 and 238: avoid getting HIV; 64% of women and
Page 239 and 240: Only 1% of all women reported havin
Page 241 and 242: Patterns by background characterist
Page 243 and 244: Forty-two percent of women and 41%
Page 245 and 246: 13.9.3 Premarital Sex The 2015-16 M
Page 247 and 248: Table 13.1 Knowledge of HIV prevent
Page 249 and 250: Table 13.4 Discriminatory attitudes
Page 251 and 252: Table 13.5.2 Multiple sexual partne
Page 253 and 254: Table 13.7.1 Coverage of prior HIV
Page 255 and 256: Table 13.8 Pregnant women counselle
Page 257 and 258: Table 13.10 Self-reported prevalenc
Page 259 and 260: Table 13.13 Premarital sexual inter
Page 261 and 262: Table 13.14.2 Multiple sexual partn
Page 263 and 264: HIV PREVALENCE 14 Key Findings HIV
Page 265 and 266: The HIV prevalence among women and
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Table 14.1 Coverage of HIV testing
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Table 14.3 HIV prevalence according
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Table 14.5 HIV prevalence according
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Table 14.7 HIV prevalence among you
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Table 14.11 HIV prevalence by male
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ADULT AND MATERNAL MORTALITY 15 Key
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Trends: Table 15.3 shows the probab
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Table 15.1 Completeness of informat
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WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT 16 Key Findin
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husbands while smaller proportions
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5% participate in neither decisions
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from 78% to 74%. The percentage of
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16.16 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE BY W
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Table 16.2.1 Control over women’s
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Table 16.4.1 Ownership of assets: W
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Table 16.5.2 Ownership of title or
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Table 16.7.1 Ownership and use of b
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Table 16.9.2 Men’s participation
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Table 16.10.2 Attitude toward wife
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Table 16.12 Ability to negotiate se
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Table 16.16 Reproductive health car
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harassment.” Most recently, the M
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• The experience of physical viol
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• Women’s experience of at leas
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women to have ever experienced spou
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• Women in urban areas are about
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Table 17.1 Experience of physical v
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Table 17.3 Persons committing physi
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Table 17.5 Age at first experience
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Table 17.9 Forms of spousal violenc
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Table 17.11 Spousal violence accord
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Table 17.13 Experience of spousal v
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Table 17.16 Violence by women again
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Table 17.18 Sources for help to sto
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World Health Organization (WHO) and
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Table A-2.3 Household sanitation fa
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Table A-2.7 Hand washing: Districts
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Table A-2.11 Children’s living ar
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Table A-2.12.2 Educational attainme
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Table A-3.2.1 Educational attainmen
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Table A-3.3.1 Literacy: Women by di
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Table A-3.4.1 Exposure to mass medi
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Table A-3.5.1 Internet usage: Women
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Table A-3.6.1 Employment status: Wo
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Table A-3.7.1 Occupation: Women by
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Table A-3.8.1 Type of earnings: Wom
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Table A-3.8.3 Continuity of employm
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Table A-3.13.1 Knowledge and attitu
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CHAPTER 4 MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTIV
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Table A-4.4 Median age at first mar
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Table A-4.7.1 Recent sexual activit
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CHAPTER 5 FERTILITY Table A-5.2 Fer
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Table A-5.10 Median age at first bi
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CHAPTER 6 FERTILITY PREFERENCES Tab
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CHAPTER 7 FAMILY PLANNING Table A-7
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Table A-7.13 Decision-making about
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Table A-7.16 Contact of nonusers wi
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CHAPTER 9 MATERNAL HEALTH CARE Tabl
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Table A-9.4 Tetanus toxoid injectio
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Table A-9.6 Assistance during deliv
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Table A-9.9 Timing of first postnat
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Table A-9.11 Timing of first postna
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Table A-9.13 Content of postnatal c
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Table A-9.15 Prevalence of obstetri
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CHAPTER 10 CHILD HEALTH Table A-10.
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Table A-10.4 Possession and observa
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Table A-10.6 Prevalence and treatme
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Table A-10.8 Feeding practices duri
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Table A-10.10 Knowledge of ORS pack
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CHAPTER 11 NUTRITION OF CHILDREN AN
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Table A-11.2 Initial breastfeeding:
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Table A-11.7 Prevalence of anaemia
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Table A-11.9 Micronutrient intake a
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Table A-11.11 Nutritional status of
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Table A-11.13 Micronutrient intake
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Table A-12.2 Source of mosquito net
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Table A-12.6 Use of mosquito nets b
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Table A-12.8 Use of mosquito nets b
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Table A-12.10 Use of Intermittent P
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Table A-12.14 Haemoglobin
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Table A-13.4 Discriminatory attitud
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Table A-13.5.2 Multiple sexual part
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Table A-13.7.1 Coverage of prior HI
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Table A-13.8 Pregnant women counsel
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Table A-13.10 Self-reported prevale
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Table A-13.12 Age at first sexual i
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Table A-13.14.1 Multiple sexual par
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CHAPTER 14 HIV PREVALENCE Table A-1
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Table A-14.3 HIV prevalence: Distri
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CHAPTER 16 WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT Ta
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Table A-16.4.1 Ownership of assets:
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Table A-16.5.1 Ownership of title o
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Table A-16.6.1 Ownership of title o
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Table A-16.7.1 Ownership and use of
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Table A-16.9.1 Women’s participat
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Table A-16.10.1 Attitude toward wif
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Table A-16.11 Attitudes toward nego
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CHAPTER 17 DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Table
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Table A-17.4 Experience of sexual v
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Table A-17.10 Spousal violence: Dis
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Table A-17.15 Violence by women aga
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SAMPLE DESIGN Appendix B B.1 INTROD
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two-stage stratified cluster sample
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Table B.1 Distribution of residenti
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Table B.4 Sample allocation of comp
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Table B.6 Sample implementation: Me
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Table B.8 Coverage of HIV testing b
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Table B.10 Coverage of HIV testing
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table C.2 Sampling errors: Total sa
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Table C.4 Sampling errors: Rural sa
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Table C.6 Sampling errors: Central
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Table C.8 Sampling errors: Chitipa
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Table C.10 Sampling errors: Nkhatab
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Table C.12 Sampling errors: Mzimba
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Table C.14 Sampling errors: Kasungu
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Table C.16 Sampling errors: Ntchisi
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Table C.18 Sampling errors: Salima
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Table C.20 Sampling errors: Mchinji
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Table C.22 Sampling errors: Ntcheu
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Table C.24 Sampling errors: Maching
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Table C.26 Sampling errors: Chiradz
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Table C.28 Sampling errors: Mwanza
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Table C.30 Sampling errors: Mulanje
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Table C.32 Sampling errors: Chikwaw
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Table C.34 Sampling errors: Balaka
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Table C.36 Sampling errors for adul
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Table D.2.1 Age distribution of eli
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Table D.5 Reporting of age at death
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Table D.7 Nutritional status of chi
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SURVEY PERSONNEL Appendix E 2015-16
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Team Leaders Benson Mvula Grossveno
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Ireen Yohane Chisomo Mkwapatira Des
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2015-2016 MALAWI DEMOGRAPHIC AND HE
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INTRODUCTION AND CONSENT Hello. My
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE IF AGE 0-17 YEAR
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE IF AGE 0-17 YEAR
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HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS NO. QUEST
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HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS NO. QUEST
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MOSQUITO NETS NET #1 NET #2 NET #3
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ADDITIONAL HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTIC
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200 CHILD FUNCTIONING AND DISABILIT
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300 CHILD FUNCTIONING AND DISABILIT
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CHILD FUNCTIONING AND DISABILITY (A
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ELIGIBILITY AND CONSENT FOR THE MIC
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INTERVIEWER'S OBSERVATIONS TO BE FI
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WEIGHT, HEIGHT AND HEMOGLOBIN MEASU
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WEIGHT, HEIGHT AND HEMOGLOBIN MEASU
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WEIGHT, HEIGHT, HEMOGLOBIN MEASUREM
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HIV TESTING FOR MEN AGE 15-54 301 C
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT'S BACKGROUND
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SECTION 2. REPRODUCTION NO. QUESTIO
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212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220
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SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301 Now I
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SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION NO. QUESTI
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SECTION 4. PREGNANCY AND POSTNATAL
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SECTION 5A. CHILD IMMUNIZATION (LAS
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SECTION 5A. CHILD IMMUNIZATION (LAS
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SECTION 5B. CHILD IMMUNIZATION (NEX
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SECTION 5B. CHILD IMMUNIZATION (NEX
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SECTION 6. CHILD HEALTH AND NUTRITI
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SECTION 7. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTI
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SECTION 8. FERTILITY PREFERENCES NO
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SECTION 9. HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND AND
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS SECTION 1
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SECTION 10. HIV/AIDS NO. QUESTIONS
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SECTION 10. HIV/AIDS NO. QUESTIONS
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SECTION 11. OTHER HEALTH ISSUES NO.
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SECTION MM. MATERNAL MORTALITY MODU
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SECTION 13. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE MODUL
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INSTRUCTIONS: COL. 1 COL. 2 ONLY ON
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT'S BACKGROUND
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SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301 Now I
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SECTION 6. EMPLOYMENT AND GENDER RO
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SECTION 7. HIV/AIDS NO. QUESTIONS A
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SECTION 7. HIV/AIDS NO. QUESTIONS A
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INTERVIEWER'S OBSERVATIONS TO BE FI
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MALAWI GOVERNEMNT NATIONAL STATISTI
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Malawi 2015-16

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