Direct Energy, 2018a

More documents

Recommendations

Info

12 RELATING ENERGY CONVERSION PROCESSES 277 Energy storage device Generalized Path Generalized Potential Generalized Capacity Constitutive relationship Energy Law for potential Linear Spring −→ F Force in J m = N Displacement −→ x in m K in J m 2 1 K Linear Spring Displacement −→ x in m −→ F Force in J m = N in m2 J −→ F = K −→ x −→ x = 1 −→ K F Newton's Second Law −→ F = m −→ a Flywheel −−→ ωang Angular Velocity in rad s −−→ Lam Angular Momentum in J·s Flywheel −−→ Lam Angular Momentum in J·s −−→ ω ang Angular Velocity in rad s 1 I in 1 I in kg · m kg·m 2 2 −−→ −−→ ωang = 1L I am 1 K|−→ x | 2 1 = I |−−→ ω 2 2 ang | 2 = 1 1 |−→ F | 2 2 K ∣L −−→ ∣ ∣∣ 2 am Newton's Second Law −→ F = m −→ a 1 1 2 I Conservation of Angular Momentum −−→ Lam = I −−→ ω ang Conservation of Angular Momentum Table 12.4: Describing mechanical systems in the language of calculus of variations.
278 12.3 Mechanical Energy Conversion Energy storage device Generalized Path Generalized Potential Generalized Capacity Constitutive relationship Moving Mass −→ M Momentum in kg·m s = J·s m −→ v Velocity in m s m in kg −→ M = m −→ v Moving Mass −→ v Velocity in m s −→ M Momentum in kg·m s = J·s m 1 m in kg 1 −→ v = 1 −→ M m Torsion Spring −→ τ torque in N·m rad = rad J Angular Displacement −→ θ in radians K in J rad 2 1 K Torsion Spring Angular Displacement −→ θ in radians −→ τ torque in N·m rad = rad J in rad2 J −→ τ = K −→ θ −→ θ = 1 K−→ τ Energy Law for potential 1 m|−→ v | 2 = 2 1 2 | −→ M| 2 m Conservation of Momentum 1 m|−→ v | 2 = 2 1 2 | −→ M| 2 m Conservation of Momentum 1 K|−→ θ | 2 1 = K|−→ θ | 2 = 2 1 K|−→ τ | 2 2 1 K|−→ τ | 2 2 2 Conservation of Torque Conservation of Torque Table 12.5: Describing more mechanical systems in the language of calculus of variations.
Page 2 and 3:
Direct Energy Conversion by Andrea
Page 4 and 5:
CONTENTS i Contents Contents i 1 In
Page 6 and 7:
CONTENTS iii 6.3.2 Energy Levels in
Page 8 and 9:
CONTENTS v 9.6 Fuel Cells . . . . .
Page 10:
Acknowledgements I would like to th
Page 13 and 14:
2 1.2 Preview of Topics to connect
Page 15 and 16:
4 1.2 Preview of Topics Math throug
Page 17 and 18:
6 1.2 Preview of Topics Process Spo
Page 19 and 20:
8 1.2 Preview of Topics drodynamic
Page 21 and 22:
10 1.4 Measures of Power and Energy
Page 23 and 24:
12 1.5 Properties of Materials 1.5
Page 25 and 26:
14 1.5 Properties of Materials most
Page 27 and 28:
16 1.6 Electromagnetic Waves −→
Page 29 and 30:
18 1.6 Electromagnetic Waves Relate
Page 31 and 32:
20 1.6 Electromagnetic Waves A unif
Page 33 and 34:
22 1.7 Problems
Page 35 and 36:
24 2.2 Capacitors 2.2 Capacitors 2.
Page 37 and 38:
26 2.2 Capacitors 2.2.3 Permittivit
Page 39 and 40:
28 2.2 Capacitors â z â y â x No
Page 41 and 42:
30 2.2 Capacitors Figure 2.3: Natur
Page 43 and 44:
32 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices Piezoe
Page 45 and 46:
34 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices Lattic
Page 47 and 48:
36 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices Herman
Page 49 and 50:
38 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices Figure
Page 51 and 52:
40 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices c a β
Page 53 and 54:
42 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices In cer
Page 55 and 56:
44 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices made m
Page 57 and 58:
46 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices tions.
Page 59 and 60:
48 2.4 Problems 2.5. A piezoelectri
Page 61 and 62:
50 2.4 Problems 2.13. Consider a pi
Page 63 and 64:
52 2.4 Problems 2.16. The gure belo
Page 65 and 66:
54 3.2 Pyroelectricity Material Che
Page 67 and 68:
56 3.3 Electro-Optics KH 2 PO 4 [25
Page 69 and 70:
58 3.3 Electro-Optics The rst two t
Page 71 and 72:
60 3.3 Electro-Optics used as an el
Page 73 and 74:
62 3.4 Notation Quagmire Notation i
Page 75 and 76:
64 3.5 Problems 3.5 Problems 3.1. F
Page 77 and 78:
66 3.5 Problems −→ DinC/m 2 unp
Page 79 and 80:
68 4.1 Introduction Center-fed half
Page 81 and 82:
70 4.2 Electromagnetic Radiation In
Page 83 and 84:
72 4.2 Electromagnetic Radiation ar
Page 85 and 86:
74 4.3 Antenna Components and Denit
Page 87 and 88:
76 4.4 Antenna Characteristics ante
Page 89 and 90:
78 4.4 Antenna Characteristics Impe
Page 91 and 92:
80 4.4 Antenna Characteristics Azim
Page 93 and 94:
82 4.4 Antenna Characteristics 4.4.
Page 95 and 96:
84 4.4 Antenna Characteristics 5 Li
Page 97 and 98:
86 4.5 Problems Figure 4.6: A snow
Page 99 and 100:
88 4.5 Problems 4.5. Match the foll
Page 101 and 102:
90 4.5 Problems 4.8. Radiation patt
Page 103 and 104:
92 5.2 Physics of the Hall Eect The
Page 105 and 106:
94 5.2 Physics of the Hall Eect The
Page 107 and 108:
96 5.3 Magnetohydrodynamics This am
Page 109 and 110:
98 5.5 Applications of Hall Eect De
Page 111 and 112:
100 5.6 Problems 5.6 Problems 5.1.
Page 113 and 114:
102 6.2 The Wave and Particle Natur
Page 115 and 116:
104 6.3 Semiconductors and Energy L
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
120 6.4 Crystallography Revisited L
Page 133 and 134:
122 6.5 Pn Junctions E Indirect Sem
Page 135 and 136:
124 6.5 Pn Junctions an excess of n
Page 137 and 138:
126 6.5 Pn Junctions V x - + Energy
Page 139 and 140:
128 6.6 Solar Cells to day and loca
Page 141 and 142:
130 6.6 Solar Cells dot based mater
Page 143 and 144:
132 6.7 Photodetectors Solar Panel
Page 145:
134 6.7 Photodetectors 6.7.2 Measur
Page 148 and 149:
6 PHOTOVOLTAICS 137 6.3. The gure i
Page 150 and 151:
7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 139 7 Lam
Page 152 and 153:
7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 141 Photo
Page 154 and 155:
7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 143 Absor
Page 156 and 157:
7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 145 We ca
Page 158 and 159:
7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 147 If we
Page 160 and 161:
7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 149 tube
Page 162 and 163:
7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 151 easil
Page 164 and 165:
7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 153 Power
Page 166 and 167:
7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 155 Two L
Page 168 and 169:
7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 157 but n
Page 170 and 171:
7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 159 of ec
Page 172 and 173:
7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 161 the o
Page 174 and 175:
7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 163 Ti:Sa
Page 176 and 177:
7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 165 the b
Page 178 and 179:
7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 167 Gas D
Page 180 and 181:
7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 169 categ
Page 182 and 183:
7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 171 7.8.
Page 184 and 185:
8 THERMOELECTRICS 173 8 Thermoelect
Page 186 and 187:
8 THERMOELECTRICS 175 Symbol Name V
Page 188 and 189:
8 THERMOELECTRICS 177 per unit volu
Page 190 and 191:
8 THERMOELECTRICS 179 kPa, and the
Page 192 and 193:
8 THERMOELECTRICS 181 Seebeck Effec
Page 194 and 195:
8 THERMOELECTRICS 183 gradient acro
Page 196 and 197:
8 THERMOELECTRICS 185 thermocouples
Page 198 and 199:
8 THERMOELECTRICS 187 The gure of m
Page 200 and 201:
8 THERMOELECTRICS 189 or mass invol
Page 202 and 203:
8 THERMOELECTRICS 191 temperatures?
Page 204 and 205:
8 THERMOELECTRICS 193 Figure 8.4: L
Page 206 and 207:
8 THERMOELECTRICS 195 8.9 Problems
Page 208 and 209:
8 THERMOELECTRICS 197 8.8. A thermo
Page 210:
8 THERMOELECTRICS 199 Figure 8.5 8.
Page 213 and 214:
202 9.2 Measures of the Ability of
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
212 9.3 Charge Flow in Batteries an
Page 225 and 226:
214 9.3 Charge Flow in Batteries an
Page 227 and 228:
216 9.4 Measures of Batteries and F
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
224 9.5 Battery Types specic energi
Page 237 and 238: 226 9.5 Battery Types at the anode
Page 239 and 240: 228 9.5 Battery Types Figure 9.8: T
Page 241 and 242: 230 9.6 Fuel Cells Fuel cell compon
Page 243 and 244: 232 9.6 Fuel Cells 9.6.3 Practical
Page 245 and 246: 234 9.7 Problems 9.7 Problems 9.1.
Page 247 and 248: 236 9.7 Problems A E - + I B D H 2
Page 249 and 250: 238 10.3 Radiation Detectors high e
Page 251 and 252: 240 10.5 Resistive Sensors capacito
Page 253 and 254: 242 10.6 Electrouidics However, ene
Page 255 and 256: 244 10.6 Electrouidics
Page 257 and 258: 246 11.2 Lagrangian and Hamiltonian
Page 259 and 260: 248 11.3 Principle of Least Action
Page 261 and 262: 250 11.4 Derivation of the Euler-La
Page 263 and 264: 252 11.5 Mass Spring Example not in
Page 265 and 266: 254 11.5 Mass Spring Example Path 1
Page 267 and 268: 256 11.5 Mass Spring Example We can
Page 269 and 270: 258 11.6 Capacitor Inductor Example
Page 271 and 272: 260 11.6 Capacitor Inductor Example
Page 273 and 274: 262 11.7 Schrödinger's Equation 11
Page 275 and 276: 264 11.8 Problems 11.4. Figure 11.2
Page 277 and 278: 266 11.8 Problems a famous result k
Page 279 and 280: 268 11.8 Problems (c) Find the gene
Page 281 and 282: 270 12.2 Electrical Energy Conversi
Page 287: 276 12.3 Mechanical Energy Conversi
Page 291 and 292: 280 12.3 Mechanical Energy Conversi
Page 293 and 294: 282 12.4 Thermodynamic Energy Conve
Page 295 and 296: 284 12.4 Thermodynamic Energy Conve
Page 297 and 298: 286 12.5 Chemical Energy Conversion
Page 299 and 300: 288 12.6 Problems 12.6 Problems 12.
Page 301 and 302: 290 12.6 Problems 12.6. Match the d
Page 303 and 304: 292 13.1 Introduction • Describe
Page 305 and 306: 294 13.2 Preliminary Ideas Assuming
Page 307 and 308: 296 13.3 Derivation of the Lagrangi
Page 317 and 318: 306 13.4 Deriving the Thomas Fermi
Page 319 and 320: 308 13.5 From Thomas Fermi Theory t
Page 321 and 322: 310 13.6 Problems (a) Write the Ham
Page 323 and 324: 312 14.1 Introduction damental equa
Page 325 and 326: 314 14.2 Types of Symmetries be wri
Page 327 and 328: 316 14.3 Continuous Symmetries and
Page 333 and 334: 322 14.4 Derivation of the Innitesi
Page 339 and 340:
328 14.4 Derivation of the Innitesi
Page 341 and 342:
330 14.5 Invariants and we end up w
Page 343 and 344:
332 14.5 Invariants in the limit ε
Page 345 and 346:
334 14.5 Invariants Next use Eq. 14
Page 347 and 348:
336 14.6 Summary 14.6 Summary In th
Page 349 and 350:
338 14.7 Problems 14.6. The equatio
Page 351 and 352:
340 14.7 Problems
Page 353 and 354:
342 Appendices Symbol Quantity Unit
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357 and 358:
Page 359 and 360:
Page 361 and 362:
350 Appendices Prex name Symbol Val
Page 363 and 364:
352 Appendices for voltage. (As an
Page 365 and 366:
354 Appendices Material or Device S
Page 367 and 368:
356 REFERENCES [15] E. C. Jordan an
Page 369 and 370:
358 REFERENCES [45] V. K. Tikhomiro
Page 371 and 372:
360 REFERENCES [73] M. G. Thomas, H
Page 373 and 374:
362 REFERENCES [100] A. Ishibashi,
Page 375 and 376:
364 REFERENCES [125] D. Wright, Req
Page 377 and 378:
366 REFERENCES [150] J. P. Owejan,
Page 379 and 380:
368 REFERENCES [175] G. K. Woodgate
Page 381 and 382:
Index Absorption, 139 Action, 247 A
Page 383 and 384:
372 INDEX Nernst equation, 220 Neur
Page 385:
About the Book Direct Energy Conver
show all

Direct Energy, 2018a

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?