Direct Energy, 2018a

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INDEX 371 Energy conservation, 9 Energy density, 217 Energy gap, 113, 203 Entropy, 175, 285 Epitaxial layer, 152 Equation of motion, 247 Erbium doped ber amplier, 165 Euler-Lagrange equation, 247 Exciton, 63, 104 Extensive property, 174 Faraday constant, 218 Fermat's principle, 265 Fermi Dirac distribution, 118 Fermi energy, 117, 203, 301, 352 Ferroelectricity, 42, 55, 63 Ferromagnetism, 42 Figure of merit, 186 First law of thermodynamics, 179 Fluorescent lamp, 150 Flywheel, 276 Fuel cell, 201, 229, 286 Functional, 247, 308 Gas discharge, 148 Gauss's law, 273 Geiger counter, 238 Generalized capacity, 247, 271, 352 Generalized momentum, 246 Generalized potential, 246, 352 Glow discharge, 150 Gradient, 17, 293 Group theory, 320 Hall eect, 91, 274 Hall resistance, 95 Hamiltonian, 246, 298 Heat engine, 188 Heisenberg uncertainty principle, 15, 291 Hole, 92, 104 Hooke's law, 279 Hysteresis, 42 Ideal gas law, 178 Impedance, 77 Incandescent lamp, 147 Index of refraction, 26 Innitesimal generator, 315 Insulator, 13, 114 Intensive property, 174 Invariants, 330 Inversion symmetry, 38, 351 Ionization chamber, 238 Ionization energy, 204 Isotropic antenna, 78 Joule-Thomson coecient, 177 KCL, 271 Kerr coecient, 58 Kerr eect, 57 Kinetic energy, 297 Kramers Kronig relationship, 20 KVL, 271 Lagrangian, 246, 298 Laser, 139, 152 Lattice, 33 Lie analysis, 311 Light emitting diode, 150 Line equation, 326, 333 Liquid crystals, 61 Lorentz force equation, 91, 242 Magnetic eld intensity, 273 Magnetic ux density, 15, 273 Magnetohydrodynamics, 96, 274 Mars rover, 192 Material polarization, 24, 351 Maxwell's equations, 16 Microuidic device, 241 Mobility, 184 Moment of inertia, 279 Mulliken electronegativity, 204
372 INDEX Nernst equation, 220 Neuron, 239 Noether's theorem, 248, 330 Operator, 262 Orbital, 14 Oxidation, 201 Peltier coecient, 182 Peltier eect, 182 Permeability, 18 Permittivity, 19 pH, 208 Phase change, 63 Phonon, 102 Photoconductivity, 133 Photodetector, 132 Photoelectric emission, 133 Photoluminescence, 140 Photomultiplier tube, 133 Photon, 101 Photovoltaic device, 101 Photovoltaic eect, 101 Piezoelectric strain constant, 32 Piezoelectricity, 31, 274 Pirani hot wire gauge, 240 Plasma, 96, 148 Pn junction, 122, 150 Pockels coecient, 58 Pockels eect, 57 Poling, 42 Population inversion, 147, 351 Potential, 351 Potential energy, 252, 352 Potentiometer, 240 Primary battery, 224 Primitive lattice vectors, 33 Principle of least action, 247 Prolongation, 322 Pyroelectricity, 53, 274 Quantum Hall eect, 97 Quantum mechanics, 262 Quantum number, 13, 68, 109 Quartz, 43 Radiation pattern plot, 70, 79 Reciprocal lattice, 120 Reciprocal space, 296, 301 Reciprocity, 69 Redox potential, 207, 352 Reduction, 201 Resistance temperature detector, 240 Resistivity, 18 Schrödinger's equation, 262 Scintillation counter, 238 Second harmonic generation, 61 Second law of thermodynamics, 285 Secondary battery, 224 Seebeck coecient, 181 Seebeck eect, 181 Semiconductor, 13, 114 Semimetal, 115, 187 Shell, 13 Simple compressible systems, 178 Snell's law, 266 Solar cell, 101 Sonoluminescence, 141 Specic capacity, 217 Specic energy, 217 Specic heat, 177, 186 Spontaneous emission, 139 Stimulated emission, 139 Strain gauge, 240 Streaming potential, 242 Superposition, 69 Theoretical capacity, 352 Theoretical cell voltage, 216 Thermal conductivity, 184, 352 Thermionic device, 237 Thermocouple, 192 Thermodynamic cycle, 188
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Direct Energy Conversion by Andrea
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CONTENTS i Contents Contents i 1 In
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CONTENTS iii 6.3.2 Energy Levels in
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CONTENTS v 9.6 Fuel Cells . . . . .
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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2 1.2 Preview of Topics to connect
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4 1.2 Preview of Topics Math throug
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6 1.2 Preview of Topics Process Spo
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8 1.2 Preview of Topics drodynamic
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10 1.4 Measures of Power and Energy
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12 1.5 Properties of Materials 1.5
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14 1.5 Properties of Materials most
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16 1.6 Electromagnetic Waves −→
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18 1.6 Electromagnetic Waves Relate
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20 1.6 Electromagnetic Waves A unif
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22 1.7 Problems
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24 2.2 Capacitors 2.2 Capacitors 2.
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26 2.2 Capacitors 2.2.3 Permittivit
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28 2.2 Capacitors â z â y â x No
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30 2.2 Capacitors Figure 2.3: Natur
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32 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices Piezoe
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34 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices Lattic
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36 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices Herman
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38 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices Figure
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40 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices c a β
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42 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices In cer
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44 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices made m
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46 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices tions.
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48 2.4 Problems 2.5. A piezoelectri
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50 2.4 Problems 2.13. Consider a pi
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52 2.4 Problems 2.16. The gure belo
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54 3.2 Pyroelectricity Material Che
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56 3.3 Electro-Optics KH 2 PO 4 [25
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58 3.3 Electro-Optics The rst two t
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60 3.3 Electro-Optics used as an el
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62 3.4 Notation Quagmire Notation i
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64 3.5 Problems 3.5 Problems 3.1. F
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66 3.5 Problems −→ DinC/m 2 unp
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68 4.1 Introduction Center-fed half
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70 4.2 Electromagnetic Radiation In
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72 4.2 Electromagnetic Radiation ar
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74 4.3 Antenna Components and Denit
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76 4.4 Antenna Characteristics ante
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78 4.4 Antenna Characteristics Impe
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80 4.4 Antenna Characteristics Azim
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82 4.4 Antenna Characteristics 4.4.
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84 4.4 Antenna Characteristics 5 Li
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86 4.5 Problems Figure 4.6: A snow
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88 4.5 Problems 4.5. Match the foll
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90 4.5 Problems 4.8. Radiation patt
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92 5.2 Physics of the Hall Eect The
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94 5.2 Physics of the Hall Eect The
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96 5.3 Magnetohydrodynamics This am
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98 5.5 Applications of Hall Eect De
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100 5.6 Problems 5.6 Problems 5.1.
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102 6.2 The Wave and Particle Natur
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104 6.3 Semiconductors and Energy L
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120 6.4 Crystallography Revisited L
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122 6.5 Pn Junctions E Indirect Sem
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124 6.5 Pn Junctions an excess of n
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126 6.5 Pn Junctions V x - + Energy
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128 6.6 Solar Cells to day and loca
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130 6.6 Solar Cells dot based mater
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132 6.7 Photodetectors Solar Panel
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134 6.7 Photodetectors 6.7.2 Measur
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6 PHOTOVOLTAICS 137 6.3. The gure i
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 139 7 Lam
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 141 Photo
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 143 Absor
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 145 We ca
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 147 If we
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 149 tube
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 151 easil
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 153 Power
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 155 Two L
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 157 but n
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 159 of ec
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 161 the o
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 163 Ti:Sa
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 165 the b
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 167 Gas D
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 169 categ
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 171 7.8.
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 173 8 Thermoelect
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 175 Symbol Name V
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 177 per unit volu
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 179 kPa, and the
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 181 Seebeck Effec
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 183 gradient acro
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 185 thermocouples
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 187 The gure of m
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 189 or mass invol
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 191 temperatures?
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 193 Figure 8.4: L
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 195 8.9 Problems
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 197 8.8. A thermo
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 199 Figure 8.5 8.
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202 9.2 Measures of the Ability of
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212 9.3 Charge Flow in Batteries an
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214 9.3 Charge Flow in Batteries an
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216 9.4 Measures of Batteries and F
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224 9.5 Battery Types specic energi
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226 9.5 Battery Types at the anode
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228 9.5 Battery Types Figure 9.8: T
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230 9.6 Fuel Cells Fuel cell compon
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232 9.6 Fuel Cells 9.6.3 Practical
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234 9.7 Problems 9.7 Problems 9.1.
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236 9.7 Problems A E - + I B D H 2
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238 10.3 Radiation Detectors high e
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240 10.5 Resistive Sensors capacito
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242 10.6 Electrouidics However, ene
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244 10.6 Electrouidics
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246 11.2 Lagrangian and Hamiltonian
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248 11.3 Principle of Least Action
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250 11.4 Derivation of the Euler-La
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252 11.5 Mass Spring Example not in
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254 11.5 Mass Spring Example Path 1
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256 11.5 Mass Spring Example We can
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258 11.6 Capacitor Inductor Example
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260 11.6 Capacitor Inductor Example
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262 11.7 Schrödinger's Equation 11
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264 11.8 Problems 11.4. Figure 11.2
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266 11.8 Problems a famous result k
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268 11.8 Problems (c) Find the gene
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270 12.2 Electrical Energy Conversi
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276 12.3 Mechanical Energy Conversi
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282 12.4 Thermodynamic Energy Conve
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284 12.4 Thermodynamic Energy Conve
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286 12.5 Chemical Energy Conversion
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288 12.6 Problems 12.6 Problems 12.
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290 12.6 Problems 12.6. Match the d
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292 13.1 Introduction • Describe
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294 13.2 Preliminary Ideas Assuming
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296 13.3 Derivation of the Lagrangi
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306 13.4 Deriving the Thomas Fermi
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308 13.5 From Thomas Fermi Theory t
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310 13.6 Problems (a) Write the Ham
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312 14.1 Introduction damental equa
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314 14.2 Types of Symmetries be wri
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316 14.3 Continuous Symmetries and
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318 14.3 Continuous Symmetries and
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Page 353 and 354: 342 Appendices Symbol Quantity Unit
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Page 363 and 364: 352 Appendices for voltage. (As an
Page 365 and 366: 354 Appendices Material or Device S
Page 367 and 368: 356 REFERENCES [15] E. C. Jordan an
Page 369 and 370: 358 REFERENCES [45] V. K. Tikhomiro
Page 371 and 372: 360 REFERENCES [73] M. G. Thomas, H
Page 373 and 374: 362 REFERENCES [100] A. Ishibashi,
Page 375 and 376: 364 REFERENCES [125] D. Wright, Req
Page 377 and 378: 366 REFERENCES [150] J. P. Owejan,
Page 379 and 380: 368 REFERENCES [175] G. K. Woodgate
Page 381: Index Absorption, 139 Action, 247 A
Page 385: About the Book Direct Energy Conver
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Direct Energy, 2018a

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