Direct Energy, 2018a

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REFERENCES 367 [163] B. V. Brunt, The Calculus of Variations. Springer, 2002. [164] P. J. Olver, Applications of Lie Groups To Dierential Equations. New York: Springer, 1986. [165] E. Noether, Invariant variation problems, Transport Theory and Statistical Physics, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 183207, 1971. English Translation. [166] E. Noether, Invariant variation problems, Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen, Mathematisch- Physikalische Klasse, vol. 235, 1918. [167] V. I. Arnol'd, Mathematical Methods of Classical Mechanics, 2 ed. Springer, 2010. [168] C. L. Nachtigal and M. D. Martin, Instrumentation and Control. Wiley, 1990. [169] http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/ watcir.html. Date accessed 6-1-18. [170] P. Salamon, B. Andresen, and R. S. Berry, Thermodynamics in - nite time. II potentials for nite-time processes, Physical Review A, vol. 15, no. 5, 1977. [171] P. Salamon, B. Andresen, and R. S. Berry, Minimum entropy production and the optimization of heat engines, Physical Review A, vol. 21, no. 6, 1980. [172] R. G. Parr, R. A. Donnelly, M. Levy, and W. E. Palke, Electronegativity: the density functional viewpoint, Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 68, pp. 38013808, Apr. 1978. [173] Thomas, The calculation of atomic elds, Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, vol. 23, pp. 542548, 1927. [174] E. Fermi, Collected Papers, Vol. 1. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962. See the article "Über die Anwendung der statistischen Methode auf die probleme des Atombaues, " 1928, the article "Un metodo statistico per la determinazione di alcune proprieta dell'atome," 1927, and the article "Zur Quantelung des idealen einatomigen gases," 1926.
368 REFERENCES [175] G. K. Woodgate, Elementary Atomic Structure, 2nd ed. Oxford, 1980. [176] S. J. A. Malham, An Introduction to Lagrangian Mechanics, Lecture Notes. 2016. http://www.macs.hw.ac.uk/~simonm/mechanics. pdf. [177] E. Fermi, Un metodo statistico per la determinazione di alcune prioreta dell'atome, Rendicondi Accademia Nazionale de Lincei, vol. 6, no. 32, pp. 602607, 1927. [178] http://www.abinit.org/. Date accessed 6-1-18. [179] http://departments.icmab.es/leem/siesta/. Date accessed 6-1- 18. [180] H. Krutter, Numerical integration of the Thomas-Fermi equation from zero to innity, Journal of Computational Physics, vol. 47, pp. 308312, 1982. [181] N. H. Ibragimov, Lie GroupAnalysis of Dierential Equations, Vol. 3. CRC press, 1996. [182] L. Gagnon and P. Winternitz, Lie symmetries of a generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation: I. the symmetry group and its subgroups, Journal of Physics A, vol. 21, pp. 14931511, 1988. [183] E. G. Kalnins and W. Miller, Lie theory and separation of variables 5, Journal of Mathematical Physics, vol. 15, pp. 17281738, 1974. [184] V. I. Fushchich and A. G. Nikitin, New and old symmetries of the Maxwell and Dirac equations, Soviet Journal of Particles and Nuclei, vol. 14, pp. 122, Jan. 1983. [185] W. I. Fushchich and A. G. Nikitin, Symmetries of Maxwell's Equations. Boston, MA: D. Reidel Publishing, 1987. [186] A. R. Chowdhury and P. K. Chanda, On the Lie symmetry approach to small's equation of nonlinear optics, Journal of Physics A, vol. 18, pp. 117121, 1985. [187] J. J. Sakurai, Modern Quantum Mechanics. Massachusetts: Addison- Wesley Publishing Company, 1994. [188] M. Lutzky, Dynamical symmetries and conserved quantities, Journal of Physics A, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 973981, 1979.
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Direct Energy Conversion by Andrea
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CONTENTS i Contents Contents i 1 In
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CONTENTS iii 6.3.2 Energy Levels in
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CONTENTS v 9.6 Fuel Cells . . . . .
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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2 1.2 Preview of Topics to connect
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4 1.2 Preview of Topics Math throug
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6 1.2 Preview of Topics Process Spo
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8 1.2 Preview of Topics drodynamic
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10 1.4 Measures of Power and Energy
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12 1.5 Properties of Materials 1.5
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14 1.5 Properties of Materials most
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16 1.6 Electromagnetic Waves −→
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18 1.6 Electromagnetic Waves Relate
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20 1.6 Electromagnetic Waves A unif
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22 1.7 Problems
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24 2.2 Capacitors 2.2 Capacitors 2.
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26 2.2 Capacitors 2.2.3 Permittivit
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28 2.2 Capacitors â z â y â x No
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30 2.2 Capacitors Figure 2.3: Natur
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32 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices Piezoe
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34 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices Lattic
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36 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices Herman
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38 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices Figure
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40 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices c a β
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42 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices In cer
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44 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices made m
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46 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices tions.
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48 2.4 Problems 2.5. A piezoelectri
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50 2.4 Problems 2.13. Consider a pi
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52 2.4 Problems 2.16. The gure belo
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54 3.2 Pyroelectricity Material Che
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56 3.3 Electro-Optics KH 2 PO 4 [25
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58 3.3 Electro-Optics The rst two t
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60 3.3 Electro-Optics used as an el
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62 3.4 Notation Quagmire Notation i
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64 3.5 Problems 3.5 Problems 3.1. F
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66 3.5 Problems −→ DinC/m 2 unp
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68 4.1 Introduction Center-fed half
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70 4.2 Electromagnetic Radiation In
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72 4.2 Electromagnetic Radiation ar
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74 4.3 Antenna Components and Denit
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76 4.4 Antenna Characteristics ante
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78 4.4 Antenna Characteristics Impe
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80 4.4 Antenna Characteristics Azim
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82 4.4 Antenna Characteristics 4.4.
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84 4.4 Antenna Characteristics 5 Li
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86 4.5 Problems Figure 4.6: A snow
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88 4.5 Problems 4.5. Match the foll
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90 4.5 Problems 4.8. Radiation patt
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92 5.2 Physics of the Hall Eect The
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94 5.2 Physics of the Hall Eect The
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96 5.3 Magnetohydrodynamics This am
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98 5.5 Applications of Hall Eect De
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100 5.6 Problems 5.6 Problems 5.1.
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102 6.2 The Wave and Particle Natur
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104 6.3 Semiconductors and Energy L
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120 6.4 Crystallography Revisited L
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122 6.5 Pn Junctions E Indirect Sem
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124 6.5 Pn Junctions an excess of n
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126 6.5 Pn Junctions V x - + Energy
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128 6.6 Solar Cells to day and loca
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130 6.6 Solar Cells dot based mater
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132 6.7 Photodetectors Solar Panel
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134 6.7 Photodetectors 6.7.2 Measur
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6 PHOTOVOLTAICS 137 6.3. The gure i
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 139 7 Lam
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 141 Photo
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 143 Absor
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 145 We ca
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 147 If we
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 149 tube
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 151 easil
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 153 Power
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 155 Two L
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 157 but n
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 159 of ec
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 161 the o
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 163 Ti:Sa
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 165 the b
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 167 Gas D
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 169 categ
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 171 7.8.
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 173 8 Thermoelect
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 175 Symbol Name V
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 177 per unit volu
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 179 kPa, and the
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 181 Seebeck Effec
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 183 gradient acro
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 185 thermocouples
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 187 The gure of m
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 189 or mass invol
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 191 temperatures?
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 193 Figure 8.4: L
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 195 8.9 Problems
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 197 8.8. A thermo
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 199 Figure 8.5 8.
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202 9.2 Measures of the Ability of
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212 9.3 Charge Flow in Batteries an
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214 9.3 Charge Flow in Batteries an
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216 9.4 Measures of Batteries and F
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224 9.5 Battery Types specic energi
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226 9.5 Battery Types at the anode
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228 9.5 Battery Types Figure 9.8: T
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230 9.6 Fuel Cells Fuel cell compon
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232 9.6 Fuel Cells 9.6.3 Practical
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234 9.7 Problems 9.7 Problems 9.1.
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236 9.7 Problems A E - + I B D H 2
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238 10.3 Radiation Detectors high e
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240 10.5 Resistive Sensors capacito
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242 10.6 Electrouidics However, ene
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244 10.6 Electrouidics
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246 11.2 Lagrangian and Hamiltonian
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248 11.3 Principle of Least Action
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250 11.4 Derivation of the Euler-La
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252 11.5 Mass Spring Example not in
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254 11.5 Mass Spring Example Path 1
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256 11.5 Mass Spring Example We can
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258 11.6 Capacitor Inductor Example
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260 11.6 Capacitor Inductor Example
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262 11.7 Schrödinger's Equation 11
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264 11.8 Problems 11.4. Figure 11.2
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266 11.8 Problems a famous result k
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268 11.8 Problems (c) Find the gene
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270 12.2 Electrical Energy Conversi
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276 12.3 Mechanical Energy Conversi
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282 12.4 Thermodynamic Energy Conve
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284 12.4 Thermodynamic Energy Conve
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286 12.5 Chemical Energy Conversion
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288 12.6 Problems 12.6 Problems 12.
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290 12.6 Problems 12.6. Match the d
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292 13.1 Introduction • Describe
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294 13.2 Preliminary Ideas Assuming
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296 13.3 Derivation of the Lagrangi
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306 13.4 Deriving the Thomas Fermi
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308 13.5 From Thomas Fermi Theory t
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310 13.6 Problems (a) Write the Ham
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312 14.1 Introduction damental equa
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314 14.2 Types of Symmetries be wri
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Page 347 and 348: 336 14.6 Summary 14.6 Summary In th
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Page 353 and 354: 342 Appendices Symbol Quantity Unit
Page 361 and 362: 350 Appendices Prex name Symbol Val
Page 363 and 364: 352 Appendices for voltage. (As an
Page 365 and 366: 354 Appendices Material or Device S
Page 367 and 368: 356 REFERENCES [15] E. C. Jordan an
Page 369 and 370: 358 REFERENCES [45] V. K. Tikhomiro
Page 371 and 372: 360 REFERENCES [73] M. G. Thomas, H
Page 373 and 374: 362 REFERENCES [100] A. Ishibashi,
Page 375 and 376: 364 REFERENCES [125] D. Wright, Req
Page 377: 366 REFERENCES [150] J. P. Owejan,
Page 381 and 382: Index Absorption, 139 Action, 247 A
Page 383 and 384: 372 INDEX Nernst equation, 220 Neur
Page 385: About the Book Direct Energy Conver
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