Direct Energy, 2018a

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REFERENCES 369 [189] L. V. Ovsiannikov, Group Analysis of Dierential Equations. New York, NY: Academic Press, 1982. [190] P. G. L. Leach, R. Maartens, and S. D. Maharaj, Self similar solutions of the generalized Emden Fowler equation, International Journal of Nonlinear Mechanics, vol. 27, pp. 575582, 1992. [191] R. L. Anderson and S. M. Davison, A generalization of Lie's counting theorem for second order ordinary dierential equations, Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol. 48, pp. 301315, 1974. [192] E. A. Desloge and R. I. Karch, Noether's theorem in classical mechanics, American Journal of Physics, vol. 45, pp. 336339, Apr. 1977. [193] http://www.nist.gov/pml/wmd/metric/prefixes.cfm. Date accessed 6-1-18. [194] R. P. Feynman, Feynman Lectures on Physics. MA: Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 1963. [195] F. R. Whitt and D. G. Wilson, Bicycling Science. MIT, 1974. [196] R. S. Shallenberger, Sugar Chemistry. Connecticut: Avi Publishing Company, 1975.
Index Absorption, 139 Action, 247 Anisotropic, 28 Anode, 201 Antenna, 67 Arc discharge, 150 Azimuth plot, 79 Battery, 201, 286 Batterymodel, 219 Bernoulli's equation, 241, 284 Bioluminescence, 141 Blackbodyradiation, 141 Boltzmann constant, 118 Boltzmann statistics, 146 Bravais lattice, 34 Brillouin zone, 120 Bulk modulus, 176 Calculus of variations, 247 Capacitance, 271, 352 Capacitor, 23 Capacity, 217 Carnot eciency, 188, 190 Cathode, 201 Chalcogenide, 63 Charge density, 217 Chemical hardness, 207 Chemical Potential, 118 Chemical potential, 205, 301, 352 Chemiluminescence, 140 Commutator, 321 Compressibility, 176 Conduction band, 113 Conductor, 13, 114 Conservation of angular momentum, 281 Conservation of momentum, 281 Constitutive relationship, 177, 256, 271, 279 Continuous symmetry, 313 Coulomb's law, 16, 297 Crystal basis, 34 Crystal momentum, 120, 300 Crystal point group, 35, 39 Crystal structure, 34 Densityfunctional theory, 308 Detectivity, 134 Dielectric, 13, 114 Dielectrophoresis, 243 Dipole, 68 <strong>Direct</strong>ivity, 78 Discrete symmetry, 313 Displacement ux density, 273 Doping, 105 Eciency, 9 Electric eld intensity, 273 Electrical conductivity, 18, 183, 203, 352 Electro-optic eect, 56, 274 Electrohydrodynamic, 241 Electrokinetic, 241 Electroluminescence, 141 Electrolyte, 201 Electrolytic capacitor, 31 Electromagnetic polarization, 82, 140, 351 Electron anity, 204 Electron conguration, 13 Electron-hole pair, 104, 110 Electronegativity, 205 Electroosmosis, 243 Electrophoresis, 242 Electrostriction, 61 Electrowetting, 243 Elevation plot, 79 Emden-Fowler equation, 323 <strong>Energy</strong>band, 113 370
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Direct Energy Conversion by Andrea
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CONTENTS i Contents Contents i 1 In
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CONTENTS iii 6.3.2 Energy Levels in
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CONTENTS v 9.6 Fuel Cells . . . . .
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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2 1.2 Preview of Topics to connect
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4 1.2 Preview of Topics Math throug
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6 1.2 Preview of Topics Process Spo
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8 1.2 Preview of Topics drodynamic
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10 1.4 Measures of Power and Energy
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12 1.5 Properties of Materials 1.5
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14 1.5 Properties of Materials most
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16 1.6 Electromagnetic Waves −→
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18 1.6 Electromagnetic Waves Relate
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20 1.6 Electromagnetic Waves A unif
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22 1.7 Problems
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24 2.2 Capacitors 2.2 Capacitors 2.
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26 2.2 Capacitors 2.2.3 Permittivit
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28 2.2 Capacitors â z â y â x No
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30 2.2 Capacitors Figure 2.3: Natur
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32 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices Piezoe
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34 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices Lattic
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36 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices Herman
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38 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices Figure
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40 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices c a β
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42 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices In cer
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44 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices made m
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46 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices tions.
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48 2.4 Problems 2.5. A piezoelectri
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50 2.4 Problems 2.13. Consider a pi
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52 2.4 Problems 2.16. The gure belo
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54 3.2 Pyroelectricity Material Che
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56 3.3 Electro-Optics KH 2 PO 4 [25
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58 3.3 Electro-Optics The rst two t
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60 3.3 Electro-Optics used as an el
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62 3.4 Notation Quagmire Notation i
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64 3.5 Problems 3.5 Problems 3.1. F
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66 3.5 Problems −→ DinC/m 2 unp
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68 4.1 Introduction Center-fed half
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70 4.2 Electromagnetic Radiation In
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72 4.2 Electromagnetic Radiation ar
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74 4.3 Antenna Components and Denit
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76 4.4 Antenna Characteristics ante
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78 4.4 Antenna Characteristics Impe
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80 4.4 Antenna Characteristics Azim
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82 4.4 Antenna Characteristics 4.4.
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84 4.4 Antenna Characteristics 5 Li
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86 4.5 Problems Figure 4.6: A snow
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88 4.5 Problems 4.5. Match the foll
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90 4.5 Problems 4.8. Radiation patt
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92 5.2 Physics of the Hall Eect The
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94 5.2 Physics of the Hall Eect The
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96 5.3 Magnetohydrodynamics This am
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98 5.5 Applications of Hall Eect De
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100 5.6 Problems 5.6 Problems 5.1.
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102 6.2 The Wave and Particle Natur
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104 6.3 Semiconductors and Energy L
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120 6.4 Crystallography Revisited L
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122 6.5 Pn Junctions E Indirect Sem
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124 6.5 Pn Junctions an excess of n
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126 6.5 Pn Junctions V x - + Energy
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128 6.6 Solar Cells to day and loca
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130 6.6 Solar Cells dot based mater
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132 6.7 Photodetectors Solar Panel
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134 6.7 Photodetectors 6.7.2 Measur
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6 PHOTOVOLTAICS 137 6.3. The gure i
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 139 7 Lam
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 141 Photo
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 143 Absor
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 145 We ca
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 147 If we
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 149 tube
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 151 easil
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 153 Power
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 155 Two L
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 157 but n
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 159 of ec
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 161 the o
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 163 Ti:Sa
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 165 the b
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 167 Gas D
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 169 categ
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 171 7.8.
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 173 8 Thermoelect
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 175 Symbol Name V
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 177 per unit volu
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 179 kPa, and the
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 181 Seebeck Effec
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 183 gradient acro
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 185 thermocouples
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 187 The gure of m
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 189 or mass invol
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 191 temperatures?
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 193 Figure 8.4: L
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 195 8.9 Problems
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 197 8.8. A thermo
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 199 Figure 8.5 8.
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202 9.2 Measures of the Ability of
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212 9.3 Charge Flow in Batteries an
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214 9.3 Charge Flow in Batteries an
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216 9.4 Measures of Batteries and F
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224 9.5 Battery Types specic energi
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226 9.5 Battery Types at the anode
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228 9.5 Battery Types Figure 9.8: T
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230 9.6 Fuel Cells Fuel cell compon
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232 9.6 Fuel Cells 9.6.3 Practical
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234 9.7 Problems 9.7 Problems 9.1.
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236 9.7 Problems A E - + I B D H 2
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238 10.3 Radiation Detectors high e
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240 10.5 Resistive Sensors capacito
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242 10.6 Electrouidics However, ene
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244 10.6 Electrouidics
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246 11.2 Lagrangian and Hamiltonian
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248 11.3 Principle of Least Action
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250 11.4 Derivation of the Euler-La
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252 11.5 Mass Spring Example not in
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254 11.5 Mass Spring Example Path 1
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256 11.5 Mass Spring Example We can
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258 11.6 Capacitor Inductor Example
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260 11.6 Capacitor Inductor Example
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262 11.7 Schrödinger's Equation 11
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264 11.8 Problems 11.4. Figure 11.2
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266 11.8 Problems a famous result k
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268 11.8 Problems (c) Find the gene
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270 12.2 Electrical Energy Conversi
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276 12.3 Mechanical Energy Conversi
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282 12.4 Thermodynamic Energy Conve
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284 12.4 Thermodynamic Energy Conve
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286 12.5 Chemical Energy Conversion
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288 12.6 Problems 12.6 Problems 12.
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290 12.6 Problems 12.6. Match the d
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292 13.1 Introduction • Describe
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294 13.2 Preliminary Ideas Assuming
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296 13.3 Derivation of the Lagrangi
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306 13.4 Deriving the Thomas Fermi
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308 13.5 From Thomas Fermi Theory t
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310 13.6 Problems (a) Write the Ham
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312 14.1 Introduction damental equa
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314 14.2 Types of Symmetries be wri
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316 14.3 Continuous Symmetries and
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Page 353 and 354: 342 Appendices Symbol Quantity Unit
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Page 365 and 366: 354 Appendices Material or Device S
Page 367 and 368: 356 REFERENCES [15] E. C. Jordan an
Page 369 and 370: 358 REFERENCES [45] V. K. Tikhomiro
Page 371 and 372: 360 REFERENCES [73] M. G. Thomas, H
Page 373 and 374: 362 REFERENCES [100] A. Ishibashi,
Page 375 and 376: 364 REFERENCES [125] D. Wright, Req
Page 377 and 378: 366 REFERENCES [150] J. P. Owejan,
Page 379: 368 REFERENCES [175] G. K. Woodgate
Page 383 and 384: 372 INDEX Nernst equation, 220 Neur
Page 385: About the Book Direct Energy Conver
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