Direct Energy, 2018a

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Appendices 343 Symbol Quantity Units Scalar? Comments h Planck constant J·s C =6.626 · 10 −34 H Hamiltonian J F H QM −→ H Quantum Mechanical Hamiltonian Magnetic eld intensity [H + ] Amount concentration hydrogen ions J A m mol L O V S i Current (AC or time varying) A S I Current (DC) A S I Moment of inertia kg · m 2 S I ioniz Ionization energy J atom j Imaginary number unitless C ⃗J Volume current density A m 2 S V √ −1 ⃗ k Wave vector m −1 V k B Boltzmann constant J K C =1.381 · 10 −23 k f Fermi wave vector m −1 S K Spring constant J m 2 S K Torsion spring constant J rad 2 l Length m S L Inductance H S S
344 Appendices Symbol Quantity Units Scalar? Comments −−→ L am Angular momentum J·s L Lagrangian J F m Mass kg S V M −→ M M QM Generalized momentum Momentum Quantum mechanical momentum * S Many authors use p kg·m s V Many authors use −→ p kg·m s V,O n Concentration of electrons m −3 S n Index of refraction unitless S n Integer unitless S N Total number of e − per atom electrons atom N a Avogadro constant molecule mol N v Number of valence electrons S e − N Number of moles mol S S C =6.022 · 10 23 p Concentration of holes m −3 S P Power W S −→ P Material C m V 2 polarization P Pressure Pa S
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Direct Energy Conversion by Andrea
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CONTENTS i Contents Contents i 1 In
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CONTENTS iii 6.3.2 Energy Levels in
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CONTENTS v 9.6 Fuel Cells . . . . .
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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2 1.2 Preview of Topics to connect
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4 1.2 Preview of Topics Math throug
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6 1.2 Preview of Topics Process Spo
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8 1.2 Preview of Topics drodynamic
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10 1.4 Measures of Power and Energy
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12 1.5 Properties of Materials 1.5
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14 1.5 Properties of Materials most
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16 1.6 Electromagnetic Waves −→
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18 1.6 Electromagnetic Waves Relate
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20 1.6 Electromagnetic Waves A unif
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22 1.7 Problems
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24 2.2 Capacitors 2.2 Capacitors 2.
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26 2.2 Capacitors 2.2.3 Permittivit
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28 2.2 Capacitors â z â y â x No
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30 2.2 Capacitors Figure 2.3: Natur
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32 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices Piezoe
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34 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices Lattic
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36 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices Herman
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38 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices Figure
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40 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices c a β
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42 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices In cer
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44 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices made m
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46 2.3 Piezoelectric Devices tions.
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48 2.4 Problems 2.5. A piezoelectri
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50 2.4 Problems 2.13. Consider a pi
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52 2.4 Problems 2.16. The gure belo
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54 3.2 Pyroelectricity Material Che
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56 3.3 Electro-Optics KH 2 PO 4 [25
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58 3.3 Electro-Optics The rst two t
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60 3.3 Electro-Optics used as an el
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62 3.4 Notation Quagmire Notation i
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64 3.5 Problems 3.5 Problems 3.1. F
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66 3.5 Problems −→ DinC/m 2 unp
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68 4.1 Introduction Center-fed half
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70 4.2 Electromagnetic Radiation In
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72 4.2 Electromagnetic Radiation ar
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74 4.3 Antenna Components and Denit
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76 4.4 Antenna Characteristics ante
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78 4.4 Antenna Characteristics Impe
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80 4.4 Antenna Characteristics Azim
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82 4.4 Antenna Characteristics 4.4.
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84 4.4 Antenna Characteristics 5 Li
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86 4.5 Problems Figure 4.6: A snow
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88 4.5 Problems 4.5. Match the foll
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90 4.5 Problems 4.8. Radiation patt
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92 5.2 Physics of the Hall Eect The
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94 5.2 Physics of the Hall Eect The
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96 5.3 Magnetohydrodynamics This am
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98 5.5 Applications of Hall Eect De
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100 5.6 Problems 5.6 Problems 5.1.
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102 6.2 The Wave and Particle Natur
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104 6.3 Semiconductors and Energy L
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120 6.4 Crystallography Revisited L
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122 6.5 Pn Junctions E Indirect Sem
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124 6.5 Pn Junctions an excess of n
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126 6.5 Pn Junctions V x - + Energy
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128 6.6 Solar Cells to day and loca
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130 6.6 Solar Cells dot based mater
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132 6.7 Photodetectors Solar Panel
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134 6.7 Photodetectors 6.7.2 Measur
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6 PHOTOVOLTAICS 137 6.3. The gure i
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 139 7 Lam
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 141 Photo
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 143 Absor
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 145 We ca
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 147 If we
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 149 tube
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 151 easil
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 153 Power
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 155 Two L
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 157 but n
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 159 of ec
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 161 the o
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 163 Ti:Sa
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 165 the b
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 167 Gas D
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 169 categ
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7 LAMPS, LEDS, AND LASERS 171 7.8.
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 173 8 Thermoelect
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 175 Symbol Name V
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 177 per unit volu
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 179 kPa, and the
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 181 Seebeck Effec
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 183 gradient acro
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 185 thermocouples
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 187 The gure of m
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 189 or mass invol
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 191 temperatures?
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 193 Figure 8.4: L
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 195 8.9 Problems
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 197 8.8. A thermo
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8 THERMOELECTRICS 199 Figure 8.5 8.
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202 9.2 Measures of the Ability of
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212 9.3 Charge Flow in Batteries an
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214 9.3 Charge Flow in Batteries an
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216 9.4 Measures of Batteries and F
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224 9.5 Battery Types specic energi
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226 9.5 Battery Types at the anode
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228 9.5 Battery Types Figure 9.8: T
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230 9.6 Fuel Cells Fuel cell compon
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232 9.6 Fuel Cells 9.6.3 Practical
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234 9.7 Problems 9.7 Problems 9.1.
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236 9.7 Problems A E - + I B D H 2
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238 10.3 Radiation Detectors high e
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240 10.5 Resistive Sensors capacito
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242 10.6 Electrouidics However, ene
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244 10.6 Electrouidics
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246 11.2 Lagrangian and Hamiltonian
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248 11.3 Principle of Least Action
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250 11.4 Derivation of the Euler-La
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252 11.5 Mass Spring Example not in
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254 11.5 Mass Spring Example Path 1
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256 11.5 Mass Spring Example We can
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258 11.6 Capacitor Inductor Example
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260 11.6 Capacitor Inductor Example
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262 11.7 Schrödinger's Equation 11
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264 11.8 Problems 11.4. Figure 11.2
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266 11.8 Problems a famous result k
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268 11.8 Problems (c) Find the gene
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270 12.2 Electrical Energy Conversi
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276 12.3 Mechanical Energy Conversi
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282 12.4 Thermodynamic Energy Conve
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284 12.4 Thermodynamic Energy Conve
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286 12.5 Chemical Energy Conversion
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288 12.6 Problems 12.6 Problems 12.
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290 12.6 Problems 12.6. Match the d
Page 303 and 304: 292 13.1 Introduction • Describe
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Page 307 and 308: 296 13.3 Derivation of the Lagrangi
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Page 323 and 324: 312 14.1 Introduction damental equa
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Page 347 and 348: 336 14.6 Summary 14.6 Summary In th
Page 349 and 350: 338 14.7 Problems 14.6. The equatio
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Page 353: 342 Appendices Symbol Quantity Unit
Page 357 and 358: 346 Appendices Symbol Quantity Unit
Page 359 and 360: 348 Appendices Symbol Quantity Unit
Page 361 and 362: 350 Appendices Prex name Symbol Val
Page 363 and 364: 352 Appendices for voltage. (As an
Page 365 and 366: 354 Appendices Material or Device S
Page 367 and 368: 356 REFERENCES [15] E. C. Jordan an
Page 369 and 370: 358 REFERENCES [45] V. K. Tikhomiro
Page 371 and 372: 360 REFERENCES [73] M. G. Thomas, H
Page 373 and 374: 362 REFERENCES [100] A. Ishibashi,
Page 375 and 376: 364 REFERENCES [125] D. Wright, Req
Page 377 and 378: 366 REFERENCES [150] J. P. Owejan,
Page 379 and 380: 368 REFERENCES [175] G. K. Woodgate
Page 381 and 382: Index Absorption, 139 Action, 247 A
Page 383 and 384: 372 INDEX Nernst equation, 220 Neur
Page 385: About the Book Direct Energy Conver
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Direct Energy, 2018a

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