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Acute Leukemias - Republican Scientific Medical Library

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166 Chapter 12 · ALL Therapy: Review of the MD Anderson Program<br />

12.4 Summary<br />

The developments of dose-intensive, multiagent therapy<br />

programs, which were patterned after experience in<br />

childhood ALL have created the current standard of<br />

approach in adult ALL. Further improvement will depend<br />

on dissecting the biologic heterogeneity of ALL<br />

further, identifying targets for therapy, and developing<br />

novel agents in clinical trials. The goal of these developments<br />

remains subtype-specific and risk-adapted therapy,<br />

which will eventually improve long-term outcome<br />

for adults with ALL.<br />

References<br />

1. Murphy SB, Bowman WP, Abromowitch M, et al. (1986) Results of<br />

treatment of advanced-stage Burkitt’s lymphoma and B cell (sIg+)<br />

acute lymphoblastic leukemia with high-dose fractionated cyclophosphamide<br />

and coordinated high-dose methotrexate and cytarabine.<br />

J Clin Oncol 4:1732–1739<br />

2. Bagley CM Jr, Bostick FW, DeVita VT Jr (1973) Clinical pharmacology<br />

of cyclphosphamide. Cancer Res 33:226–233<br />

3. Iversen OH, Iversen U, Ziegler JL, et al. (1974) Cell kinetics in Burkitt<br />

lymphoma. Eur J Cancer 10:155–163<br />

4. Garcia-Manero G, Kantarjian HM (2000) The hyper-CVAD regimen<br />

in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North<br />

Am 6:1381–1396<br />

5. Childhood ALL Collaborative Group (1996) Duration and intensity<br />

of maintenance chemotherapy in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia:<br />

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347:1783–1788<br />

6. Dekker AW, van’t Veer MB, Sizoo W, et al. (1997) Intensive postremission<br />

chemotherapy without maintenance therapy in adults<br />

with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Dutch Hemato-Oncology Research<br />

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7. Kantarjian HM, O’Brien S, Smith TL, et al. (2000) Results of treatment<br />

with hyper-CVAD, a dose-intensive regimen, in adult acute<br />

lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 18:547–561<br />

8. Kantarjian HM, O’Brien S, Smith T, et al. (1994) <strong>Acute</strong> lymphocytic<br />

leukaemia in the elderly: Characteristics and outcome with the<br />

vincristine-adriamycin-dexamethasone (VAD) regimen. Br J Haematol<br />

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9. Todeschini G, Tecchio C, Meneghini V, et al. (1998) Estimated 6year<br />

event-free survival of 55% in 60 consecutive adult acute lymphoblastic<br />

leukemia patients treated with an intensive phase II<br />

protocol based on high induction dose of daunorubicin. Leukemia<br />

12:144–149<br />

10. Thomas DA, Cortes J, O’Brien S, et al. (2000) Significance of CD20<br />

positivity in de novo acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Blood<br />

96:109a<br />

11. Thomas DA, Cortes J, Giles F, et al. (2003) Update of the modified<br />

hyper-CVAD regimen in newly diagnosed adult acute lymphocytic<br />

leukemia (ALL). Blood 102:880a<br />

12. Dombret H, Gabert J, Boiron J-M, et al. (2002) Outcome of treatment<br />

in adults with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic<br />

leukemia7Results of the prospective multicenter<br />

LALA-94 trial. Blood 100:2357–2366<br />

13. Faderl S, Kantarjian HM, Thomas DA, et al. (2000) Outcome of Philadelphia<br />

chromosome-positive adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia.<br />

Leuk Lymphoma 36:263–273<br />

14. Druker BJ, Sawyers CL, Kantarjian H, et al. (2001) Activity of a specific<br />

inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in the blast crisis of<br />

chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia with<br />

the Philadelphia chromosome. N Engl J Med 344:1038–1042<br />

15. Ottmann OG, Druker BJ, Sawyers CL, et al. (2002) A phase 2 study<br />

of imatinib in patients with relapsed or refractory Philadelphia<br />

chromosome-positive acute lymphoid leukemias. Blood<br />

100:1965–1971<br />

16. Ottmann OG, Wassmann B, Pfeifer H, et al. (2004) Imatinib given<br />

concurrently with induction chemotherapy is superior to imatinib<br />

subsequent to induction and consolidation in newly diagnosed<br />

Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL).<br />

Blood 104:197a<br />

17. Towatari M, Yanada M, Usui N, et al. (2004) Combination of intensive<br />

chemotherapy and imatinib can rapidly induce high-quality<br />

complete remission for a majority of patients with newly diagnosed<br />

BCR-ABL-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood<br />

104:3507–3512<br />

18. Thomas DA, Faderl S, Cortes J, et al. (2004) Treatment of Philadelphia<br />

chromosome-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia with hyper-CVAD<br />

and imatinib mesylate. Blood 103:4396–4407<br />

19. Thomas DA, Faderl S, Cortes J, et al. (2004) Update of the Hyper-<br />

CVAD and imatinib mesylate regimen in Philadelphia (Ph) positive<br />

acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Blood 104:748a<br />

20. Gill PS, Meyer PR, Pavlova Z, et al. (1986) B cell acute lymphoblastic<br />

leukemia in adults. Clinical, morphological, and immunologic<br />

findings. J Clin Oncol 4:737–743<br />

21. Fenaux P, Bourhuis JH, Ribrag V (2001) Burkitt’s acute lymphocytic<br />

leukemia (L3 ALL) in adults. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 15:37–<br />

50<br />

22. Patte C, Philip T, Rodary C, et al. (1986) Improved survival rate in<br />

children with stage III and stage IV B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma<br />

and leukemia using multi-agent chemotherapy: Results of a<br />

study of 114 children from the French Pediatric Oncology Society.<br />

J Clin Oncol 4:1219–1226<br />

23. Reiter A, Schrappe M, Ludwig W-D, et al. (1992) Favorable outcome<br />

of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood: A report<br />

of three consecutive studies of the BFM group. Blood<br />

80:2471–2478<br />

24. Thomas DA, Cortes J, Faderl S, et al. (2005) Hyper-CVAD and rituximab<br />

therapy in HIV-negative Burkitt (BL) or Burkitt-like (BLL) leukemia/lymphoma<br />

and mature B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia<br />

(B-ALL). J Clin Oncol 23(16S):567s<br />

25. Cortes J, Thomas D, Rios A, et al. (2002) Hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide,<br />

vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone and<br />

highly active antiretroviral therapy for patients with acquired immunodeficiency<br />

syndrome-related Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia.<br />

Cancer 94:1492–1499

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