1 - NGA

longitude; dllkversce of Iongltude;
flctltloue Iongltude; galactlc
longitude; geodelic Iongltude;
geographic Iongltude; grid
Iongltude; merldlan; oblique
Ionoltude; Ierreatrlal lon~llude;
traneveree longitude.
Iongltudlnel chromatic aberraf ion—A n
aberration which affects the sharpness of
all paris of an image because different
colors come to a locus at dillerent
diafarrcas fromlha fens.
Iongltudlnaf msgnfflcatlon—The ralio of a
length inlhe Image. parallel to the axis, to
a Corresponding length inlhe object.
Ionglludinaf eeperetlon—Time separation,
fongltudlnal fill—See pitch, definition 2,
look anglea-The alevation and azimuth at
which a particular satellite is predicted to be
tound at a specffied lime. See also alerta,
loop closur-(leveling) The ditlerence
be fWJeenthe rod sum on the run OU1and
the rod aumonlhe run back,
loop error of closure—See error of
closure, definition 5. ,
loop traverse-A closed traverse that starts
and ends al fhe same station. The traversa
provides neffher inherent validafionot
SlafliI)g posilion and azimuth, nor validation
against systematic distance error, See also
connecflng traverse.
Lorac—Afrade name fora hyperbolic radio
bcation system. [This term is derived from
the words ‘long-range accuracy.”]
loran charf-A plotting chart on which loran
groundwave fine of positions and sky wave
wrrecfkm values have been printed, for
use in loran navigation.
toran flnea-unes of constant time
difference between signals from a master
and a slave loran station,
loran fabfea—Publications containing
tabufardsta forconstmcling loran
hyperbolic fines 01 position.
MIL-HDBK-850
147
LORAN-C Secondary Phssaa CorrectIon
Tabla-Tabufafed secondary phase
corrections tor LORAN-C in a given service
area lor each appropriate transmfffer pair or
station. These correctbns account tor
overtand radio wave phase ratardatbvr.
foran-C—A long-range radio navigation
pcsllfon fixing system using a cornbinaibn
of time difference of reception and phase
difference of signals from fwo stations to
provide a fine of posll”mn.
foran-(JCS) A long-range rado navigation
pesition fixing system using the time
ditlerenca of reception of pulse type
transmissions from IWO or rrmre fixed
stations. [This term is derived fmm the
words ‘fang-range navigation.-]
Iorhumb llna-A line along which the rates
of change dl the vaiues of two families of
hyperbola are constants.
Iorop photography—A general term
referring 10 any photographs taken with a
long total length (in excess of 100 inches) -
camera with a narrow-angle lens, me lerrn
is derived from lhe words ‘tong-range
oblique photography,-]
lost corner—A corner whose position cenrml
be determined, beyond raasonabie doubt,
either from traces of the original marks or
from acceptable evidence or testimony that
bears on the original position, and whose
location can be restored only by raference
10 one or more interdependent comers.
Lovsw tapa-A newer version of lhe Invar
tape used in surveying operations. Lovar
tape possesses properties and cost factors
between fhal of the less acurrata steel
tape and Ihe more arxurate fnvar tape.
Lovar—A steel alloy having a few coefficient
of expansion used in construction of
precise Lovar tapes. See also fnvar.
low tfde—See low water.
low water (LW)—The lowest limit of tha
swlace water level reached by the bwering
tide. Low water is caused by tha astronomic
tide-producing forces andlor the eHecfs o?
meteorological conditions, Also celled low
tfde.