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i mlnoml survey: ocomtographlc survey; photogrsmmotric survey; photogmphlc ●wvay; plane survey; prsillmlrmry survmy: reconnaissance ●srrv.y; rectangular ●srvoys; raxurvey; routm survey; eslelllto ●mveylng; second-order work; standard survey; subaqueous reconnalssanco survey; subaqueous running survey; subdlvlslon survey; third-order work topo-graphic survey: town-sltc survey; transit-and-stadia survey; trilinsar surveying. SWATH survey-see multlbeam survey. See also Small Wetted Area Twin Hull. sweep bsr-A heavy section of skmf rail SUsfMndad et e pradeteminsd depth by two vefikal cables and lowed by a vsss.sl for precise determination of navigation obstructions during a hydrographic survey. srwlng offset-The perpendicular dblanca frem a point to a transit fine found by holding the zero point of e tape at the givan point and awinging the tape in en erc until the minimum (horizenlal) distance is obtained, swing-swing method—A technique for clearing y-parallax during relative orientation by SPpfying identid swing (or ~motion) to both projectors of a pair at the =me time, Thff methcd has the advantage of affecting ypsrsllax cmmcfion withoul the use of Irensla!ional motions. ewlng-1. The rotalion of a photograph in its OVM plane abeuf ifa camera esis. 2. On trimslrogren obfiques, the angle between the principal fine and the y-srris, or ths angle bshvaen the isomstric parallel and the x-sxia. Sea al= rolatlve swing. 3. Tha angfa et the principal point of a photo measured clockwise horn ths posifiva ~axis to the principal Iina at the nadir poinl. 4. (triangutalion) See sccentrlc roductlon. SWIVSI graver—A scribing instmment with a swkal macfw+am that psrmits chsngss in dirsction of scribing. ●ymbollzatlon-The method of portraying topographic faatures onto a rnsnuscrip!. The oymbols used on the msnuacript are either a ooint (dot). a time. or an area (a defimifina fine cbsing @n ifseif). ●ymbollzed graphic data (SGD)—A data MIL-HDBK-850 249 eat wlriih contains affrfbufkrn for gmphfc output. Dale rrrsy Include eyrrbohiion @ions such as point, ha, sma, psffarn, orienlsf”b+s, oofor (hue, value, lone, and rntenshy), siza, stwpa, and texture. symbof-A dsgram, design, fetter, chsrsder, or abbreviation placed on maps, charts, and other graph= Wl&h by mrwanfiorr, usage, or mferenca to a @and is undersfcuf to Sand for or raprasati a epadfii chsrsderisfic or feature. synchronous satelllts-An Earth satellite moving aadwsrd in an equatorial, ckculsr orbii %’&R’3’#EEiR%f2PLE$&’%21 to (synchronous with) ths mfaliorml parbd d the Esrlh. Such a sateffiie will remain fixed over .s point on the Eerfhs Equator. Ab called fixad sstalllte; 24-hour sstelllte. Sea also atationaW orbit. synodic period-The intarval of time bstwaan any planatafy configuration of a celestial body, with raepacf 10 the Sun, and the next successive same configuration of that body, as from infarior injunction to inferior conjunctkm. ,. ,.. oynodlcal month—The eversge period of revolution of the Moon ebouf the Earth with respsct to the Sum approximately 29 1/2 days. Also csflad lunar month; funstion. synoptic charf-See weather map. aynthatic aparture radar (SAR)-See Radar, Synthetic Aparfure (SAR). Syatam 9-A geographic information system with a feature orianlad data base and mntinuous mapping. Devebped by Compufervision. ayatem modsf-A representation of the information types, dkect’bns of flow, production sfegas, and user imetiaces for a system. syatam of aatronomfc constants—A n interrelafad group et vafuae constituting a modal of the Eatlh and the motions which togather with the theory of ce!estisf mechanics serves for the calculation of apharnarides. sysstamatlc error—An error thsf occurs with the same sign, end often with s eimifsr mfsgnffude, in a number of consecutive or otharwise related obsorvatiorts. For axarr@a, hen a base is meaeurad with e WTOngty
’ 1 I calibrated tspa, there till be systematicemors. In addiiion, mndom e8rora will occw. flepetitiin Cbeafirrle ornothmp toreducsthaioaff=t d eydeimt~ errors, wiriih ere a rnosi wxtar?ireble feeture d any aet of 0&ww4iona. Much c4 the are in rmekhg obaervstiina ia diredsd toward eliminating or correcting systenwdic errors. Also called regular error. Ses alao ●ccumuletlvo ●rror. www-A r=inl of f.hs otifl of a pknti w aateliiie M which it is in injunction or I c$mxitiin. The term ie used chieftv in tinrraction with the Moon, when it-refers to tha points occupied by the Mum at new and full phaaa. Sea alao equlnoctlal colura; ●olailtlal co)ure. MIL-HDBK-850 ., .,., .,.- , , ,,
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I ,~ I AMSC WA MILITARY HANDBOOK GI
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I MIL-HDBK-B50 CONTENTS 2. APPLICAB
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I I 2.1 ~ MIL-HDBK-850 2. APPLICABL
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I The Ilmifs or range wnhin which a
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1 aerlsil ptrotogrcphlc reconrsaiss
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I I I MIL-HDBK-850 a pWC6ntag6; r6f
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I I diiital devices. amphlblouo ●
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I ●rrgfe of rofractlon-The angle
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I I magnetic enomaly. MIL-HDBK-850
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I I the C+WSOf an orbii about the E
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! I I faces, oomrnonfy expressed as
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stetronomlc deta-DMgnatfon of epoch
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I 1 ettrtbuto tagging-The process o
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I , ( I axlo ot perspsrctlve-See ax
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MIL-HDBK-850 Bacfro-Wurdom hams-lln
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I I 1 MIL-HDBK-850 on a parallel of
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sphere fmm a polm on the Earth. 3.
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I Boston Iavollng rod-A two-piece r
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MIL-HDBK-850 brokon tspe meeessramo
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I I I,/ I I calibratlort-The ecf or
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I step cast in the pmducf ion of re
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I MIL-HDBK-850 achieved by a parl
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; by a shutter or other device to p
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,. This rney be measured, and the p
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, MIL-HDBK-850 col~ldawe method-1.
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1. 1 . . . . MIL-HDBK-850 en~w###rf
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4 approximately 4S:1. , MIL-HDBK-B5
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I pondlng Image rays. ,,. . MIL-HDB
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I ,., . . MIL-HDBK-B50 contour eket
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; [ related products. See also map
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MIL-HDBK-850 notices, chart updale
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MIL-HDBK-850 Croso.Country Mmmrnont
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1 . - MIL-HDBK-850 cylindrical equa
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MIL-HDBK-850 data ●ncodlng-To app
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. ..- MIL-HDBK-850 degree 01 clartt
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equator of ns fnimary from north to
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’ I Dlgltal Elovatlon Model (DEM)
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measurement 01 film speed. tYlopter
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dleplacsrment; Illt displacement; x
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called double shooting. See also co
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. . . MIL-HDBK-850 dynamk height-A
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I $ II I I II II eccentricity of sp
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1’ I between the times 01 lransm
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I radm range atatiina. Also called
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! latitude. See also atrtronomlc eq
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I escape and evasion graphic—A ma
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l-number—See relative aperture. f
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.. . . . MIL-HDBK-850 the approach
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. .. . . . . . . field shaat-The hy
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., .,. !,- fix—A relatively accur
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individual major error sources with
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, 1 1 determine the meridian altitu
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measurements obtained by echo sound
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successive returns of the Sun 10 a
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flrot polnf of Cancer-See summer eo
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1’ ,’ ,- material. Iloetlng mar
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Frosnsd larr-A lens which corsslsls
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’ tattiles the twsds of a lwosd r
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I l podstk kt\tude-The angle whiih
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MIL-HDBK-B50 splwre formed by the i
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I MIL-HDBK-850 continents to be rec
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I MIL-HDBK-B50 from the attraction
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I meridian through 24 hours; Greenw
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control; tmvorso. ground data-see g
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I I I I I H and D curva-See charact
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i I I I I I I I haza-The radiance o
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of features having the same general
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I Hormbow Irwol attachment-A level
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— angles and horizontal dslances.
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MIL-HDBK-850 are not limited to, im
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inequality—A systematic deparfure
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i Intercardlnal polnl—Any of the
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’ lnvswhsble ponduium—A pendulu
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geographic Iatiiudes on the spheroi
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MIL-HDBK-850 K including inexact, h
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I ,! I I I I I ! I I I I I I consta
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ecomes visible upon processing. Int
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length corracflon-(taping) The diff
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fearure. MIL-HDBK-850 Ilne tr_A tre
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MIL-HDBK-850 which have been previo
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I I !I low water datum-An approxima
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I general precession caused by the
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magnetic dlp circle-An instrument f
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I , maporchafl. See also overlappin
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I I preparing both controlled and s
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1 1 , , I I maefer etatlon-Thai sta
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I I I I errore. mean sum--see flctl
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to the lengths of meridians In orde
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atnxcture of lhe DMA Digital Produc
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identifiable feature data from a si
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I I I I nadir polnl—See photogrep
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obtained. Also called concave dlver
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MIL-HDBK-850 observation, condition
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1 ob)ect orlontad-A design and prog
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odograph+ mschenk-sl instrument con
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d~lacemenf increasing with the thic
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‘1 ( ‘1 orthogrrqhic proj@ion,
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panchromatic-(photography) SensKwe
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I I I update, corrplefe, or density
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porspectlvo chm’t-A chari on a pe
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photogrammotrlc conWf-(JCS) Control
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pkrnirrudric map whiih km bean rwia
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1 plan. polar coordinator-A system
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I plus polnt~ inWmadiite point on a
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I I I I I I polar diamotor-Tha dmnv
Page 211 and 212: i posltlon; convergent posltlon;
Page 213 and 214: gaographc positiina detfvad from ae
Page 215 and 216: prlrrclpd 8tatlon-See main schema s
Page 217 and 218: enferging w reducing the Lmage C4 a
Page 219 and 220: quad corner IIraao-A user-defined m
Page 221 and 222: adar raturn ●islysla-Those items
Page 223 and 224: , . .. . MIL-HDBK-850 mndorn lhw-A
Page 225 and 226: I dmvering the true identity of en
Page 227 and 228: I , ! I 1 ’ ; besis for compsrkn
Page 229 and 230: obtsinad by dikling ths total error
Page 231 and 232: calibrat”m film dkifort”m used
Page 233 and 234: MIL-HDBK-850 rovolutlon-1. The turn
Page 235 and 236: ubborbrmd-The abWy to fa the encb o
Page 237 and 238: “- satsrlllte; lunar satellite; N
Page 239 and 240: soamloss data baaa-A data base afrt
Page 241 and 242: 1 MIL-HDBK-850 variatkm d ii or str
Page 243 and 244: I ddinetti in a random manner m-d,
Page 245 and 246: MIL-HDBK-850 performing sight reduc
Page 247 and 248: etween We points not et the earns f
Page 249 and 250: I I rnurce rafhemsnt, and gaopoaiti
Page 251 and 252: i MIL-HDBK-850 sphorfcal ●xcosa-l
Page 253 and 254: aadicm paper and drawn to tha acsle
Page 255 and 256: MIL-HDBK-850 station msrk-A mark on
Page 257 and 258: MIL-HDBK-850 stwwoacopic modof-(JCS
Page 259 and 260: subaqueous rocontmlssanco sunmy—A
Page 261: I *tbn, Oarabliahsd to increasethe
Page 265 and 266: tengsntld distortion-Linear displac
Page 267 and 268: toleacope-An optiil instrument used
Page 269 and 270: torrestrld natlmm. tmr.strlal morld
Page 271 and 272: tfdal bench mark-A bench mark S* to
Page 273 and 274: , , tlmo gamma curvs-$ae characteri
Page 275 and 276: I I left of, is a nade where five s
Page 277 and 278: I 1 tmrwtt micrometer contact corra
Page 279 and 280: ! tmvwae ●ngl a4Aaawrwnerrt of th
Page 281 and 282: I I I I i ,. andwith allthMS. S-S6S
Page 283 and 284: I I I I i, I I I 1 and with dl tfVS
Page 285 and 286: 1’ 1 I I I I 1, I ! .. .. grevifb
Page 287 and 288: I MIL-HDBK-850 I unldlmortcrlonal r
Page 289 and 290: vacuum box-The frame, wrrfeinirrg i
Page 291 and 292: I I I I I Ihe p0b6. AfsC ded ●pOX
Page 293 and 294: virtual Image-An image that cannot
Page 295 and 296: I frequarrsy of Occwranos of varieu
Page 297 and 298: 1, I I I 1 MIL-HDBK-8S0 x+xle-i .(J
Page 299 and 300: I i MIL-HDBK-E150 z+xis—in a thre
Page 301 and 302: I gwi Clct CLD CM CMAS co COMIREX C
Page 303 and 304: I HA HOOT HOT HWS HHW HHWf HIMAN ti
Page 305 and 306: 1, I I I PTADB Pvc Pvl Pvoo PVT Pn
Page 307 and 308: Board on Geographic Na~ti~BGN)-An a
Page 309 and 310: A.2. Abbfeviatiau. 235 Amnyms, 2ss
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