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I mapping, and rekdad spatial data. See also Fodeml InterAgency Coordlnatlng ComrrrNte8 on Digltsl Cartography. Faderal lntwAgoncy Coordlnstlng Commlttaa on Dlgltnl Cartography (FICCDC~Arr InterAgency steering cornmftfaa eatsbliied in 19S3 by the Offke of Menagwnant ad Budget. The purpose ie to ramnvmnd JNocaduras and progrrsme which weu~ faciliite the ccardheticm of Fadsrd a- d@f.sl -=fogmphii SUtVhiiS, and eefsbfkh ad promulgela sfandarda and epecifiIions for the producfton of dcatkqmphk data. Nama changed in 1990 to the Fsderef Geogrsphm Data Cornmilfee. S.. afao Federal Goographlc Data C0mmltte6. Intemetional Hydrographlc Orgenlzetlon ({HO)-The cardirrating body for internetkmal rautksl chaning practices and prceadurtm. Establishes minimum stendsnis end epacifutiimr for the production of nsutiil charts and the collection of mfslad daIa. Membership is open to all muntries of the wortd Interrmtlonal Marltimb ~rganlzation (lMO)-The SpacMiued Agencf For the United Nakms raafmnsiMe for M9ritkrrs safety and effciency of navigation. It prev”kkra machinery for cocperatien among governments in the fiekt of governmental regulations and practices relat”ng to Iachnicd matters of afl kinds affecting shipping engagsd in intemat”bnef trede. lntarrmtlorml Standards OrQanlzatlon (lSO)--An Irrtematbnal organization reeponsibfe for digits} standards for rn.dla, format, etc. Natlond Center for Geographic Information and Anafysle (NCGIA)-A conaodium of three urrivarsitk (The Whraity of Catiiornie al Senta Barbara, The State University of New York at Buffab, and The Urdvereily d Maine at Omno) receivii furrdhg frum the Netbnal Sc4srrce Foundmbn (NS~ to fcwus rasasrch and model aducatbnel curricufurns in apetial aneiysis and cpetiel stetistii; epstiil refatkmships and data bass slructur~ ertifcief infe(ligerroe and axperf systems; visualization and secial, economic and institutional issues in the field of gsogrsph~ information systems (GIS). National Ocean $errrlce (f JOS)-Major component of NOAA, charged with maintaining MIL-HDBK-850 Ihe Natiinal Geodetic Reference System; producing neuticef and aaruneutical drerts end related publication.s surveying end monitoring erwirmrnamtal resoumos, ilxiwSing Coastaf pd!ufii; researching the phy~ dsaracterfatk2s of the OcOena: and msnagirrg marine asruenas end sanctuaries. Formerfy Netbnal omen survey. Naval Envlronmentel PredictIon Research Facillty (NEPRF, NOARL)-A raseimh and davalepmerst orgsnizst”bn under lha NSW during the 19 f30e. NEPRF, NOROA, mv.f MO we#s merged to fcmn the Navaf Oceanographic end Atmospheric Rmearch IAroratory (NOARL) in 1989. Nevaf Oceanogrrsphb and Atmosphbrlc Research Laboratory (NOARL)-The Na~s Iesd laboratory for rasasrch and devebpmont in mapping, chsfiing end geodesy (MC&G). NOARL k scttiety invohmd in applying digital MC&G deta to the support d neval W3SP0rrS SYSterTISad in conducting resesmh to impruve these data. NOARL wss craalad in I 19a9 as a merger of three razaarch units: Neval Oman Resasrch and Devebpmerrl Activity, the Institute for Navel @eenography, and the Navel Environmental Predktion Research %cili. Naval Surface Warfaro Center (NSWC)-- ArI irdustriaily Iunded Navy tadii ksted in Whiie Ctak, MO. ard Dahlgren, VA, Aid conducts research and devebpment in e variety of vmrfare dii@ines includii MC6G. Roms Lnboratorlea (RL)-lhe principal orga~atmn charged with conducting Air pars. research and development programs relsdad to I c31 (rnmrn.”d, ccmtml, communications and intelligence). RL rnis@en areas irrcfude cernmunicdbns, .Iectmrnagne!k guktenm end mntrd, surveillance d ground and asmspce objects, intelligence data handliig, inform.lion systems fwhnofogy. .Jacfronic relbMy, rrrsirrtainabilii, and oornpatbilii. U.S. Army Topographic Englnearing Cantar (TEC or USATEC~Army Iaborafories foaled in Feri Belvoir, VA, whiih support the Army’s mcdem waepons and wmmsrsd and control systems through research end devabpment in mapping, charting, Ierrsin mdysis, geodesy, remote sensing, fmirrt I pmWoning, surveying and tend navigation. TEC .1s0 mnducts research on anvironmentel effects on military equipment, devabping t0p08MphiC suppert systems, end terrain arrhlysis products. 293
A.2. Abbfeviatiau. 235 Amnyms, 2ss !%! D, 63 E. 79 F: 91 G, 101 H. 116 1,“125 Iniliils, 2S5 J, 135 K, 136 L, 137 M, 151 MC & G Or@nizations, 292 N, 16S o. 174 P: 162 a, 206 R. 207 s; 223 T. 251 U’, 271 V, 274 W, 279 x, 282 Y. 283 z 2s4 MIL-HDBK-850 INDEX 295
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I ,~ I AMSC WA MILITARY HANDBOOK GI
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I MIL-HDBK-B50 CONTENTS 2. APPLICAB
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I I 2.1 ~ MIL-HDBK-850 2. APPLICABL
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I The Ilmifs or range wnhin which a
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1 aerlsil ptrotogrcphlc reconrsaiss
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I I I MIL-HDBK-850 a pWC6ntag6; r6f
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I I diiital devices. amphlblouo ●
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I ●rrgfe of rofractlon-The angle
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I I magnetic enomaly. MIL-HDBK-850
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I I the C+WSOf an orbii about the E
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! I I faces, oomrnonfy expressed as
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stetronomlc deta-DMgnatfon of epoch
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I 1 ettrtbuto tagging-The process o
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I , ( I axlo ot perspsrctlve-See ax
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MIL-HDBK-850 Bacfro-Wurdom hams-lln
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I I 1 MIL-HDBK-850 on a parallel of
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sphere fmm a polm on the Earth. 3.
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I Boston Iavollng rod-A two-piece r
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MIL-HDBK-850 brokon tspe meeessramo
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I I I,/ I I calibratlort-The ecf or
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I step cast in the pmducf ion of re
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I MIL-HDBK-850 achieved by a parl
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; by a shutter or other device to p
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,. This rney be measured, and the p
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, MIL-HDBK-850 col~ldawe method-1.
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1. 1 . . . . MIL-HDBK-850 en~w###rf
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4 approximately 4S:1. , MIL-HDBK-B5
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I pondlng Image rays. ,,. . MIL-HDB
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I ,., . . MIL-HDBK-B50 contour eket
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; [ related products. See also map
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MIL-HDBK-850 notices, chart updale
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MIL-HDBK-850 Croso.Country Mmmrnont
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1 . - MIL-HDBK-850 cylindrical equa
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MIL-HDBK-850 data ●ncodlng-To app
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. ..- MIL-HDBK-850 degree 01 clartt
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equator of ns fnimary from north to
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’ I Dlgltal Elovatlon Model (DEM)
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measurement 01 film speed. tYlopter
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dleplacsrment; Illt displacement; x
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called double shooting. See also co
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. . . MIL-HDBK-850 dynamk height-A
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I $ II I I II II eccentricity of sp
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1’ I between the times 01 lransm
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I radm range atatiina. Also called
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! latitude. See also atrtronomlc eq
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I escape and evasion graphic—A ma
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l-number—See relative aperture. f
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.. . . . MIL-HDBK-850 the approach
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. .. . . . . . . field shaat-The hy
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., .,. !,- fix—A relatively accur
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individual major error sources with
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, 1 1 determine the meridian altitu
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measurements obtained by echo sound
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successive returns of the Sun 10 a
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flrot polnf of Cancer-See summer eo
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1’ ,’ ,- material. Iloetlng mar
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Frosnsd larr-A lens which corsslsls
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’ tattiles the twsds of a lwosd r
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I l podstk kt\tude-The angle whiih
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MIL-HDBK-B50 splwre formed by the i
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I MIL-HDBK-850 continents to be rec
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I MIL-HDBK-B50 from the attraction
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I meridian through 24 hours; Greenw
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control; tmvorso. ground data-see g
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I I I I I H and D curva-See charact
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i I I I I I I I haza-The radiance o
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of features having the same general
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I Hormbow Irwol attachment-A level
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— angles and horizontal dslances.
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MIL-HDBK-850 are not limited to, im
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inequality—A systematic deparfure
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i Intercardlnal polnl—Any of the
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’ lnvswhsble ponduium—A pendulu
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geographic Iatiiudes on the spheroi
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MIL-HDBK-850 K including inexact, h
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I ,! I I I I I ! I I I I I I consta
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ecomes visible upon processing. Int
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length corracflon-(taping) The diff
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fearure. MIL-HDBK-850 Ilne tr_A tre
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MIL-HDBK-850 which have been previo
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I I !I low water datum-An approxima
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I general precession caused by the
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magnetic dlp circle-An instrument f
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I , maporchafl. See also overlappin
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I I preparing both controlled and s
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1 1 , , I I maefer etatlon-Thai sta
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I I I I errore. mean sum--see flctl
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to the lengths of meridians In orde
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atnxcture of lhe DMA Digital Produc
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identifiable feature data from a si
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I I I I nadir polnl—See photogrep
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obtained. Also called concave dlver
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MIL-HDBK-850 observation, condition
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1 ob)ect orlontad-A design and prog
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odograph+ mschenk-sl instrument con
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d~lacemenf increasing with the thic
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‘1 ( ‘1 orthogrrqhic proj@ion,
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panchromatic-(photography) SensKwe
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I I I update, corrplefe, or density
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porspectlvo chm’t-A chari on a pe
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photogrammotrlc conWf-(JCS) Control
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pkrnirrudric map whiih km bean rwia
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1 plan. polar coordinator-A system
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I plus polnt~ inWmadiite point on a
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I I I I I I polar diamotor-Tha dmnv
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i posltlon; convergent posltlon;
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gaographc positiina detfvad from ae
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prlrrclpd 8tatlon-See main schema s
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enferging w reducing the Lmage C4 a
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quad corner IIraao-A user-defined m
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adar raturn ●islysla-Those items
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, . .. . MIL-HDBK-850 mndorn lhw-A
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I dmvering the true identity of en
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I , ! I 1 ’ ; besis for compsrkn
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obtsinad by dikling ths total error
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calibrat”m film dkifort”m used
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MIL-HDBK-850 rovolutlon-1. The turn
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ubborbrmd-The abWy to fa the encb o
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“- satsrlllte; lunar satellite; N
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soamloss data baaa-A data base afrt
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1 MIL-HDBK-850 variatkm d ii or str
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I ddinetti in a random manner m-d,
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MIL-HDBK-850 performing sight reduc
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etween We points not et the earns f
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I I rnurce rafhemsnt, and gaopoaiti
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i MIL-HDBK-850 sphorfcal ●xcosa-l
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aadicm paper and drawn to tha acsle
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MIL-HDBK-850 station msrk-A mark on
Page 257 and 258: MIL-HDBK-850 stwwoacopic modof-(JCS
Page 259 and 260: subaqueous rocontmlssanco sunmy—A
Page 261 and 262: I *tbn, Oarabliahsd to increasethe
Page 263 and 264: ’ 1 I calibrated tspa, there till
Page 265 and 266: tengsntld distortion-Linear displac
Page 267 and 268: toleacope-An optiil instrument used
Page 269 and 270: torrestrld natlmm. tmr.strlal morld
Page 271 and 272: tfdal bench mark-A bench mark S* to
Page 273 and 274: , , tlmo gamma curvs-$ae characteri
Page 275 and 276: I I left of, is a nade where five s
Page 277 and 278: I 1 tmrwtt micrometer contact corra
Page 279 and 280: ! tmvwae ●ngl a4Aaawrwnerrt of th
Page 281 and 282: I I I I i ,. andwith allthMS. S-S6S
Page 283 and 284: I I I I i, I I I 1 and with dl tfVS
Page 285 and 286: 1’ 1 I I I I 1, I ! .. .. grevifb
Page 287 and 288: I MIL-HDBK-850 I unldlmortcrlonal r
Page 289 and 290: vacuum box-The frame, wrrfeinirrg i
Page 291 and 292: I I I I I Ihe p0b6. AfsC ded ●pOX
Page 293 and 294: virtual Image-An image that cannot
Page 295 and 296: I frequarrsy of Occwranos of varieu
Page 297 and 298: 1, I I I 1 MIL-HDBK-8S0 x+xle-i .(J
Page 299 and 300: I i MIL-HDBK-E150 z+xis—in a thre
Page 301 and 302: I gwi Clct CLD CM CMAS co COMIREX C
Page 303 and 304: I HA HOOT HOT HWS HHW HHWf HIMAN ti
Page 305 and 306: 1, I I I PTADB Pvc Pvl Pvoo PVT Pn
Page 307: Board on Geographic Na~ti~BGN)-An a
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