1 - NGA

.
horizon.
tOpecwrtrlc-Of meaeuremenfs or
Wordirwfes, raf-d fe the poaMi of W
cbeerver on fhe Earth as the ~m.
Topogrephk Engineerlrtg Contor
(TEC)-A~ Corps of Enginaem fCkrRdOdSS
which wpport the Army% modem waapona and
mrnmend arxfc4mfmf aymemeffnou#r meeamh
and davefcpmarM kI mepphg, charting, Wrreln
aq+j -r mfnofe =Mm. -t
poaifiiirrg, surveying end fend navigation. TEC
atac conducts ~ on arrvironmenfel effects
on milii equipment, davekfae tcp@yz#ii
~ syaenrs, and produces terrain andyeis
prod@e. Forrnady kmwwr es EnghwM
Topogmphk Lebomtorlea.
Topogmphk Map of tho Unfted Stetea-
The r~rrmmnded deafgneflon for the
lopograpbii map of the United States being
WWamd d quadrangle areas in atlas dread
form, chiefly by Ihs U.S. Geokgiil Survey. Thii
map portrays a@ basic inf-ticm about
IW@M, a18+Vafkn, and extant et physical end
cutiural features that are required fer prelimirvary
—mic and er@neering atudks., and fer
i~tin h a ~= fm - ~~~ fOr
- Wm.
topogrephk base film-An aerial
photographic film with e dirnansknaliy stable
bese used prirnar!Jy for rmppirrg.
topographic correction—See terrain
correction.
topographic doflectiorr-lhet @ of tha
defkdkn of the pfuti fine which in caused by
the gmvhefffl pull exerted ~ topography
maasarr. Tepogmphic deflection ~ not the came
as dsffedii c# the pfurrb fine or slefkn emor,
but la the ~atical affd prcduced by the
rasuftanf grevirafiimd pull d the unevenly
I ddrhded
. . ..
Sramn, m
l~~h~
alrow-
.-seas around the
—..—..—, -— A..,
erring rnaae Iar reommc
~Wen=thn. Akc
tho defloctlona.
called Indirect ●ffoct on
topographic ●xprazalowl%e effect
achieved by ehep”mg and spadng contour #nes
sc that f~raphc feefuras can be interpreted
with rreee and fhlii. Gmd aspreesion in
achieved by delincmting the contours in
aFPMfWi.ste relationship to each c4her, wilh due
cmsideretion ghren to the male and mntour
interval of the map. Also called configuration
MIL-HDBK-850
261
of termln. See else topography.
topogmphk feature-See topography,
defiiitikn 1.
topegmphk rnep-(JCS) A nmp which
PmaarM the Vertkat poadikn d ferduree m
mrresumbbforrn aswdtas rheirherfzorwef
posffbns. See eke mep.
topographic plot-Represenlatien, by means
of confcu “mea, of the grooleg~~ ems,
ahowrrlneste r’===@
complletlon, dafinitiin 2.
topography mrnre~ survey whikh has for
/fs major purposes the dalarmbatii of the refiaf
of the surface d the Earth and the focafii of
nmurd and man-rrwfe faduras themen.
topographkel latltude-See goodotlc
Ietltudo.
topogmphy—1. The mnf~uraticrr d the
surfece of the Earth, including its relief, the
positbn of its #reams, roads, dfies, etc. The
Earih’s mtural and physical faatums cxkctivety.
A aingk feature such as a mewksin er valley ia , ..termed
e topographic kature. Tepogmphy
is su~ded imo @7=w=@Y (~ r~i
features , Fr@mgraphy (the water and dreinaga
features 1.
cuffure (mm-made features). end
vegetation. 2. l%a science et daihmation d
natural end men-made features of a place or
regkn mpmiafty in a way to show tfrelr peaitkns
and elevatiena. The term inotudee the scientiic
and tdwtii fiekts of surveying, geedesy,
9mPhYs4=. mifiiry 9e091=Phy.
phebgranrmafry, cartography, graphk arts, and
rakrtsd actfviiies to the axfenf that they are
aasant.d to the amem@ehrmmt of the remet-y
mfw@n9. 9~eq, erd mi~tiary geogmphm
‘n’en’gems -n” ‘-‘n --%!?..ti
term IS eppGed to e surface such aa t
bottom or a surface c4 given cheractertstii
wifhln the water mass.
topologk ●rror dreckhrg-Tha pmce= of
enaurirrg that the Iegkd mnsicfency of the data
is inted, that is, ell pofygons am cloead, all arcs
are rmmecfad to ncdaa, etc.
topological cOncepta-PrOperfiea of
gaometrk figures that do nof change under
mntirruous (arrrcdh) transformation; such as, is
mnnacted to, is inside of, is d~nacfed, has
three connected pwta (none mnnacfed to eny
other), is a peint on the beundary of, is on the