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MIL-HDBK-850 FOREWORD i. This military hsndbock is apprwad for use by afl De~rfmanfs and Agancrns of the Departmanl of Defanaa. 2. Benefnial commank (mcammandstkms, additkms, deletions) and any pertinent data wh~h my bS of u= in imPW@ Ihh d0CIJm4Mi 6houid bsI sddrassad 10 DMA~lJ), Stop A-10, S913 Las Highway, Fairfax, Virginia, 22031-2137, by using Ihe Sfsndardization Document Prop@al (DD Form 1426) appearing al ths and d this daoumanl or by latter. 3. The purpose of this glossary ie to provide a c~ahsnshfe and sufhofitelfve aouma of cument usage of mapping, charting, and gsodel”k terms for sII Iavafs of users 10 help them oommunksta effacthrefy. TWs adffian of the gba6ary In addiiion to the main gbasary of terms, includes a fiit of MC&G misted abbreviatbns, acronyms, end inifiifs commonfy used wtihin DoD. If alw includes a section on Mapping, Charting 6 Geodesy qfsn”KsfLens. 4. The terms and definitions in lhis pubfiialion ware salectad from authoritative glossaries and dcliancwies. and from technical pubkstions end papers concerned with the many disciplines associated with mapping, charting, end gaedasy. Numerous changes, additions, and dalelions were made effer a Itmmugh review by Defense Mapping Agenoy components and by the Depmlmants of the Army, Navy, and Ah Force. 5. This publbatlon b not a substitute for the Department of Defense Dictionary of hWlary and Asaaciatsd Terms (JOINT PUB 1-02), formatly JCS PUB 1, which the Secretary 04 Defanse has directed to be used throughout the Deparfmanl of Defense. Terms included herein wfrkh are deaignatd “(JCS)” ware extractsd from and defined as stated in JOINT PUB 1-02. In mms inetancea, the JCS definition has been expended 10 includs mare detailed or supplementary informrnkrn. This sddflionel matter is set df trj braokete and is not to be wnstrued es changing or conflicting with fhe JCS definition. JCS terms whbh have been acceptsd by NATO end by the lnler-Amerium Defense Board ere se designated in JOINT PUB 1-02. Only thoss NATO terms whiih do not sppasr in JOINT PUB 1-o2 are aa inrkakt in ths gbaaery, 6. The daaignafion “(USPLS)” indicstas U.S. PuMc Land Suwey ferms similsrty defined by the Bumou of Land Msnagemenf, U.S. Dapsrtmsnt of Interior. 7. Alphabeliz.alicm of terms in this glaaaaIY folbws the rdandard A through Z order, except fhat mulfiward ferms are alphsbatizad according to the inifiil word. & Muffiile definitions for e single term are numbered and, wherever apptkble, are identified wilh the appmpriafe science, discipline, or function in parentheses. Al the end of some definitions the uss~s affenfian is directed to related terms by tha expression ‘Sss ebo.” S. When two or more terms have Identical maaning, ths definition has been appfiad orrfy to the preferred term, followed by the expmsaion “Also celled” and a Iii d the aynonyma. The synarryms are shown in alphabetical order in the glossary, and ere referenced to fhe prefemd ferrn. Anfonyrns are fisted after the expression “Opposite of.” Any mention herein of a commercial product does nOt constitute endorsement by the United Slates Government. ii
I MIL-HDBK-B50 CONTENTS 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS ............................................................... ... 2.1 Govsrmmenl Documents .................... ...................................... ........ 2.1.1 Spadfk.aliena, elanderds , and hendbooks ...................................... 2.1.2 Other govemmenl documenls, drawings, and publications ............... 2.2 Non-Govemmen! publications ..................... ...... ........................... ..... 2.3 Order of precedence ......................................................................... 3. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ..........\ .......................................................... 4. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND INITIALS .................... .... 5. MC&G 0RGANKA?70NS ........................... ............................................. INDEx .............................................................. ............................. ....... .. CONCLUDING MATERIAL ...................... .............................................. - ‘ii 3 285 26’2 294 295
Page 1: I ,~ I AMSC WA MILITARY HANDBOOK GI
Page 5 and 6: I I 2.1 ~ MIL-HDBK-850 2. APPLICABL
Page 7 and 8: I The Ilmifs or range wnhin which a
Page 9 and 10: 1 aerlsil ptrotogrcphlc reconrsaiss
Page 11 and 12: I I I MIL-HDBK-850 a pWC6ntag6; r6f
Page 13 and 14: I I diiital devices. amphlblouo ●
Page 15 and 16: I ●rrgfe of rofractlon-The angle
Page 17 and 18: I I magnetic enomaly. MIL-HDBK-850
Page 19 and 20: I I the C+WSOf an orbii about the E
Page 21 and 22: ! I I faces, oomrnonfy expressed as
Page 23 and 24: stetronomlc deta-DMgnatfon of epoch
Page 25 and 26: I 1 ettrtbuto tagging-The process o
Page 27 and 28: I , ( I axlo ot perspsrctlve-See ax
Page 29 and 30: MIL-HDBK-850 Bacfro-Wurdom hams-lln
Page 31 and 32: I I 1 MIL-HDBK-850 on a parallel of
Page 33 and 34: sphere fmm a polm on the Earth. 3.
Page 35 and 36: I Boston Iavollng rod-A two-piece r
Page 37 and 38: MIL-HDBK-850 brokon tspe meeessramo
Page 39 and 40: I I I,/ I I calibratlort-The ecf or
Page 41 and 42: I step cast in the pmducf ion of re
Page 43 and 44: I MIL-HDBK-850 achieved by a parl
Page 45 and 46: ; by a shutter or other device to p
Page 47 and 48: ,. This rney be measured, and the p
Page 49 and 50: , MIL-HDBK-850 col~ldawe method-1.
Page 51 and 52: 1. 1 . . . . MIL-HDBK-850 en~w###rf
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4 approximately 4S:1. , MIL-HDBK-B5
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I pondlng Image rays. ,,. . MIL-HDB
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I ,., . . MIL-HDBK-B50 contour eket
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; [ related products. See also map
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MIL-HDBK-850 notices, chart updale
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MIL-HDBK-850 Croso.Country Mmmrnont
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1 . - MIL-HDBK-850 cylindrical equa
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MIL-HDBK-850 data ●ncodlng-To app
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. ..- MIL-HDBK-850 degree 01 clartt
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equator of ns fnimary from north to
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’ I Dlgltal Elovatlon Model (DEM)
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measurement 01 film speed. tYlopter
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dleplacsrment; Illt displacement; x
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called double shooting. See also co
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. . . MIL-HDBK-850 dynamk height-A
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I $ II I I II II eccentricity of sp
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1’ I between the times 01 lransm
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I radm range atatiina. Also called
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! latitude. See also atrtronomlc eq
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I escape and evasion graphic—A ma
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l-number—See relative aperture. f
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.. . . . MIL-HDBK-850 the approach
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. .. . . . . . . field shaat-The hy
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., .,. !,- fix—A relatively accur
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individual major error sources with
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, 1 1 determine the meridian altitu
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measurements obtained by echo sound
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successive returns of the Sun 10 a
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flrot polnf of Cancer-See summer eo
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1’ ,’ ,- material. Iloetlng mar
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Frosnsd larr-A lens which corsslsls
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’ tattiles the twsds of a lwosd r
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I l podstk kt\tude-The angle whiih
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MIL-HDBK-B50 splwre formed by the i
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I MIL-HDBK-850 continents to be rec
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I MIL-HDBK-B50 from the attraction
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I meridian through 24 hours; Greenw
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control; tmvorso. ground data-see g
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I I I I I H and D curva-See charact
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i I I I I I I I haza-The radiance o
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of features having the same general
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I Hormbow Irwol attachment-A level
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— angles and horizontal dslances.
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MIL-HDBK-850 are not limited to, im
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inequality—A systematic deparfure
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i Intercardlnal polnl—Any of the
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’ lnvswhsble ponduium—A pendulu
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geographic Iatiiudes on the spheroi
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MIL-HDBK-850 K including inexact, h
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I ,! I I I I I ! I I I I I I consta
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ecomes visible upon processing. Int
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length corracflon-(taping) The diff
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fearure. MIL-HDBK-850 Ilne tr_A tre
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MIL-HDBK-850 which have been previo
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I I !I low water datum-An approxima
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I general precession caused by the
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magnetic dlp circle-An instrument f
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I , maporchafl. See also overlappin
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I I preparing both controlled and s
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1 1 , , I I maefer etatlon-Thai sta
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I I I I errore. mean sum--see flctl
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to the lengths of meridians In orde
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atnxcture of lhe DMA Digital Produc
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identifiable feature data from a si
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I I I I nadir polnl—See photogrep
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obtained. Also called concave dlver
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MIL-HDBK-850 observation, condition
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1 ob)ect orlontad-A design and prog
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odograph+ mschenk-sl instrument con
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d~lacemenf increasing with the thic
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‘1 ( ‘1 orthogrrqhic proj@ion,
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panchromatic-(photography) SensKwe
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I I I update, corrplefe, or density
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porspectlvo chm’t-A chari on a pe
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photogrammotrlc conWf-(JCS) Control
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pkrnirrudric map whiih km bean rwia
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1 plan. polar coordinator-A system
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I plus polnt~ inWmadiite point on a
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I I I I I I polar diamotor-Tha dmnv
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i posltlon; convergent posltlon;
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gaographc positiina detfvad from ae
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prlrrclpd 8tatlon-See main schema s
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enferging w reducing the Lmage C4 a
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quad corner IIraao-A user-defined m
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adar raturn ●islysla-Those items
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, . .. . MIL-HDBK-850 mndorn lhw-A
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I dmvering the true identity of en
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I , ! I 1 ’ ; besis for compsrkn
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obtsinad by dikling ths total error
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calibrat”m film dkifort”m used
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MIL-HDBK-850 rovolutlon-1. The turn
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ubborbrmd-The abWy to fa the encb o
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“- satsrlllte; lunar satellite; N
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soamloss data baaa-A data base afrt
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1 MIL-HDBK-850 variatkm d ii or str
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I ddinetti in a random manner m-d,
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MIL-HDBK-850 performing sight reduc
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etween We points not et the earns f
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I I rnurce rafhemsnt, and gaopoaiti
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i MIL-HDBK-850 sphorfcal ●xcosa-l
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aadicm paper and drawn to tha acsle
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MIL-HDBK-850 station msrk-A mark on
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MIL-HDBK-850 stwwoacopic modof-(JCS
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subaqueous rocontmlssanco sunmy—A
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I *tbn, Oarabliahsd to increasethe
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’ 1 I calibrated tspa, there till
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tengsntld distortion-Linear displac
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toleacope-An optiil instrument used
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torrestrld natlmm. tmr.strlal morld
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tfdal bench mark-A bench mark S* to
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, , tlmo gamma curvs-$ae characteri
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I I left of, is a nade where five s
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I 1 tmrwtt micrometer contact corra
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! tmvwae ●ngl a4Aaawrwnerrt of th
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I I I I i ,. andwith allthMS. S-S6S
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I I I I i, I I I 1 and with dl tfVS
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1’ 1 I I I I 1, I ! .. .. grevifb
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I MIL-HDBK-850 I unldlmortcrlonal r
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vacuum box-The frame, wrrfeinirrg i
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I I I I I Ihe p0b6. AfsC ded ●pOX
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virtual Image-An image that cannot
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I frequarrsy of Occwranos of varieu
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1, I I I 1 MIL-HDBK-8S0 x+xle-i .(J
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I i MIL-HDBK-E150 z+xis—in a thre
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I gwi Clct CLD CM CMAS co COMIREX C
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I HA HOOT HOT HWS HHW HHWf HIMAN ti
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1, I I I PTADB Pvc Pvl Pvoo PVT Pn
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Board on Geographic Na~ti~BGN)-An a
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A.2. Abbfeviatiau. 235 Amnyms, 2ss
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