1 - NGA

I
ddinetti in a random manner m-d, unfike
m9UbW tict”~, “B lmf ZIHO at ha zenith. Ako
called aclntlllatlon.
ship.towhor. triangulation—A method of
triangulation invotving simuftanaous
ebservatkma from three shore etafiirw on a
target csrrid by a shii offshore d the middle
station. The mktdla stsfii must be vkibfe from
aach of the two ad Sfatons.
Ships Inartlal Navigation System
(SINS)-A precise dasd-reckoning system
tvhiih rmirrfains ships’ position and heading
thrcrugh maasursments” made with gyroscopes
and eccalerornatem.
shlran-An efactrenic dtstancs-messunng
SyStSm for rrraasuri~ d@fmces with @OdatiC
accuracy fmm an airborne station to each of
tour ground stations. ~hia term is en acronym
for “S-band high precision short-range elscfronti
navigation. “]
shoot—1. (trsfronomy: eurveying) To meke en
observelbn wkh an instrument. 2.
(photography) A slang term ussd to denota
photographing copy, such as a map msnuscripl,
with a copy camera.
shop calibration—Adjustments 10 precision
instruments made in an instrument
msintensrrce shop having e limited amount of
specialized testing equipment.
ahoran range-The mazimum possible
operating distance between shc.rsn eircreff and
ground stations as limited by flying height,
ground-station elevation, terrain, erd Earth
curvat urn.
shoran r.ductlon—The computation process
of converting from a shorandiatance reading to
an aquivalant geodetic dstarwe.
●horan trltataratlorr-A mathod of extending
hortzorttal control in whiih the sides of
appropriate figures are measured by the shoran-
Iine cmsaing methcd.
●horwr-controlled photography—A
methd by which the positions of aimraft are
determined ~ distance measurements to two
ahoran ground afatbns aimutteneously with
photographic exposures.
MIL-HDBK-850
s..
z do
●horan-llno crosdng-A metfwd crt
daterrnining distance Lmhvaen two pims by
ftyiig across the adjjlng line.
shoran-wavsr pattt-Tha path taken by tha
ahcvan wave as it travata fmm the mobile
(airborne m shi@ome) ststkrr to the ground
station.
shormr+JCS) A precise chart-rsnge efecfmnic
rrsvigst’on system whkh uses the tima d lravsl
of pulsdyps transmissions fmm fwe or rrmre
fbred stslicm to measure rdent-rengs distance
fmm the stations. Also, in conjunction with a
suitable ccwrpufer, UA in precision ~@f.
~ term is an aorwrym for the phrase %hortrange
navigation.-]
shoreline of focl—See coastal refraction.
short ●rc geodetic adjustment (SAGA)-
Ths Iassl squares adjustment for position,
elevation, azimuth, and distance of a number of
stations using Doppler sateltite obsarvelicns of
the earns passes. The satellite posificms are
permitted to vary. Only pcrlkms of sstefliie arcs
me obsarwd. Paints afong thase short arcs are,
mmpulad for the times of the cbaarvstions as
an intermdtala step towards deriving the
station posiiions. See also point positioning;
short arc; short arc network.
short am nofwork-A network of peeitions
established by adjustment of simultaneous
satellite chservatiorrs.
short am reduction mathod-A
computational procedure in which only shorl
arcs of tha sstellife orbit are employad in order
to minimize the Izffacts of secular and long
period perfurbatirms.
shorl ●e-A small pmfion (usually lass then
hatf) of the orbiial em traversed by a salelliie in
making 1 revolution aboul the Earih.
ehm’t distance navigational aide-(JCS)
An equipment or system which provides
navigational assistance to a rsnge not
exceacfhg 200 stalute milss/320 kilometers.
$hort parlod parfurtsatlona-Periodic
psrfurbsticms in the ofii of s ptsnet or sstellita
which exacute one complete periodii varistian in
Ihe time of one orbiiel period or leas.