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Chapter five presents the results of questionnaires designed to assess public patterns recreation and domestic leisure tourism, and public attitudes to wildlife and protected areas. Circulation of questionnaires was deemed an appropriate approach given the lack of published studies or recent information on public attitudes and patterns of domestic tourism. The aim was on one hand to determine if there existed a potential market for tourism development in wildlife protected areas and the forms this could or should take, and on the other to provide a basis and direction for environmental education programmes in conjunction with protected area visits. This section was felt to be especially important for future planning, particularly in order to avoid the trap whereby expatriate consultants do not adequately take into account regional and cultural factors. Two targets were chosen for the questionnaires: students - the tourists and wildlife protectors of the future, and adult males, including single men and heads of families. Interviews with preliminary focus groups were used to construct trial questionnaires that were circulated amongst a sample from the two target groups. Feedback from these initial responses suggested modifications. Final drafts of the two questionnaires were translated into Arabic, and crossed translated back into English by a third party to check accuracy and lack of ambiguity. The student questionnaire was distributed to groups visiting the National Wildlife Research Center in Taif, throughout 1999. The tourist questionnaire was distributed to most of the main urban areas throughout Saudi Arabia by staff of the NCWCD. Questionnaire responses were compiled into an Excel database for analyses. Chapter six comprises a review of the NCWCD’s protected area estate and the establishment of a method to assess the suitability of individual sites for tourism development and to rank these in order of priority. More than any other section, the output from this review will provide in one location the information needed to proceed with planning. A large amount of data was generated in the review of 12 sites; this has been placed in an appendix in order that this report may function in the longer term as a resource document. A wide range of source material was consulted, including publications, unpublished reports, protected area management plans and NCWCD policy documents. In addition, visits were made to nine of the 12 sites assessed, and discussion held with both rangers and co-ordinators of protected areas. The review of protected areas was presented for discussion to NCWCD staff during a general meeting, and checked in detail for accuracy by staff of the NCWCD’s departments of protected areas and planning. 9
Chapter seven sets out the framework for an eco-tourism development strategy. It was not the intention here to draft a strategy, again because of possible cultural biases, but also because to function effectively such a policy document needs to strive for wide input and ownership. In formulating the components of a future eco-tourism strategy were identified, including aspects such as: funding mechanisms; linkages with other government agencies; partnerships with the private sector; and the assessment and mitigation of impacts. An attempt was made also to set down some principles for ecotourism in Saudi Arabia, with the belief that it is necessary for the NCWCD to set guidelines and examples of best practise. To work towards presentation of a common basis for future planning, chapter seven arose out of a formal presentation given by the author to NCWCD staff, followed by general discussions. This was followed up with a facilitated session attended by a small core of staff from the NCWCD’s departments of protected areas, monitoring, planning, research and studies, with IUCN input. The aim also in these sessions was to ensure that the framework presented here for future protected area eco-tourism planning would mesh with concurrent planning for wider nature-based tourism development, both within NCWCD controlled sites, and within a projected national tourism development strategy. 10
Page 1 and 2: The Unfenced Desert
Page 3 and 4: Institute of Earth Studies Universi
Page 5 and 6: 4 SUMMARY The Unfenced Desert Towar
Page 7 and 8: from human use in order to conserve
Page 9: Chapter two reviews global changes
Page 13 and 14: In 1987 the report of the World Com
Page 15 and 16: and more succinctly by the Ecotouri
Page 17 and 18: infringements, environmental damage
Page 19: • policies for the development of
Page 22 and 23: “Because of the abundance and exc
Page 24 and 25: Political, economic, social and env
Page 26 and 27: Arabian Standard Oil Company), stru
Page 28 and 29: ustard Chlamydotis [undulata] macqu
Page 30 and 31: would be declared annually during t
Page 32 and 33: Al Khunfah Protected Area The over
Page 34 and 35: • Decreased application of strict
Page 36 and 37: the attitudes and awareness of a sa
Page 38 and 39: the Asir the number one summer holi
Page 40 and 41: government tourism body to co-ordin
Page 42 and 43: The next chapter looks in more deta
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 5. Public attitudes to wild
Page 46 and 47: sent copies of the questionnaire fo
Page 48 and 49: animals was chosen by 41% and 39%,
Page 50 and 51: There was little variation in the p
Page 52 and 53: Falcon 6.3% Cheetah 1.5% Camel 1.1%
Page 54 and 55: • not necessarily entail overnigh
Page 56 and 57: median 4. A total of 189 people ans
Page 58 and 59: Overall, 62% of people used private
Page 60 and 61:
through the news media and may sugg
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accommodation. During vacations tou
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Each protected area can them be ass
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3 = basic facilities absent, but re
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Summary of Tourism Development Asse
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♦ Farasan Islands Summary Assessm
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♦ Ibex Reserve Summary Assessment
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♦ Mahazat as-Sayd Summary Assessm
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♦ National Wildlife Research Cent
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Ranking 4/12 Category Group 1: High
Page 80 and 81:
♦ `Uruq Bani Ma’arid Summary As
Page 82 and 83:
Area Rank Key Spp. Season Potential
Page 84 and 85:
departments of Planning and Protect
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guides. The NCWCD should additional
Page 88 and 89:
• Tourism revenue should aid the
Page 90 and 91:
Topic 2: Training Questions to be a
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• Universities Suggested structur
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Other linkages: • Private sector
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• It is necessary to ensure that
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APPENDIX Review of NCWCD Wildlife P
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Date of creation = year of creation
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PA Infrastructure Border demarcatio
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Protected Area Al-Khunfah Administr
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permanent concrete structure based
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Protected Area At-Tubayq Administra
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during these period should be minim
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Nearest national sealed road : The
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Protected Area Farasan Islands Admi
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and humid in summer, spring - winte
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Nearest towns (150 km radius) : Far
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Protected Area Harrat al-Harrah Adm
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eastern Cape in southern Africa. It
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Other patrols : The NCWCD Aviation
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Cultural/historical : 3 Facilities
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Cultural Features Traditional uses
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Potential activities : Driven tours
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dorcas, reem and idmi gazelles, and
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Sensitivity / security : Safe for v
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The area’s designation allows for
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Key seasons : Re-established houbar
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Local communities involvement : Som
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Protected Area Majami’ al-Hadb Ad
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Threats to integrity : Unregulated
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Protected Area National Wildlife Re
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Responsibilities : Captive-breeding
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Wildlife : 1 Cultural/historical :
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151 Water : Some permanent water se
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Other Stakeholders Local community
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155
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Cultural Features Traditional uses
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Administrative features Category :
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Ranger chain of command : Day-to-da
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Category Group 1: High priority for
Page 166 and 167:
Child & Grainger 1990; Fisher et al
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167 Al-Dubyani, A. 2000. Kingdom to
Page 170 and 171:
169 Child, G. 1989. Socio-economic
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171 Green, A. A. 1984b. Wildlife re
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173 Richter, L. K. (Eds). Tourism E
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175 Powell, E. A. 1999. Saudi Arabi
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177 Seddon, P. J., Abuzinada, A. H.
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