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169 Child, G. 1989. Socio-economic influences on renewable resource conservation, development and use in Saudi Arabia. Unpublished report. National Commission for Wildlife Conservation and Development (NCWCD), Riyadh. Child, G. 1995. Wildlife and People: the Zimbabwean success. How the conflict between animals and people became progress for both. Wisdom Foundation, Harare and New York. 267 pp. Child, G. and Grainger, J. 1990. A system plan for protected areas for wildlife conservation and sustainable rural development in Saudi Arabia. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and National Commission for Wildlife Conservation and Development (NCWCD), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 335 pp. CoC (Chamber of Commerce), Riyadh. 1999. Presentation given at the 4 th National Tourism Fair, Tabuk, May 1999. Collenette, S. and Tsagarakis, C. 1998. A check list of the plants in NCWCD protected areas. Unpublished report. National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC), Taif. Combreau, O. & Rambaud, F. 1994. The houbara bustard programme in Mahazat as-Sayd: April 1992 - November 1994. Unpublished report. National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC), Taif. (4) Combreau, O., Saint Jalme, M., Seddon, P. J., Rambaud, F., van Heezik, Y., Paillat, P., Gaucher, P. and Smith, T. 1995. A program for houbara bustard restoration in Saudi Arabia.In: Bissonetta, J. A. and Krausman, P. R. (Eds). Integrating people and wildlife for a sustainable future. Proceedings of the First International Wildlife Manangement Congress. The Wildlife Society,, Bethesda, Md. Daily, G. C. (Ed.). 1997. Nature’s Services: Societal dependence on natural ecosystems. Island Press, Washington, D.C. 392 pp. Draz, O. 1969. The Hima system of range reserves in the Arabian Peninsula: its possibilities in range improvement and conservation projects in the Middle East. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Rome. Dunham, K. 1995. Gazelles, oryx and ostriches in Saudi Arabia. Re-introduction News 11: 7-8. Dunham, K. 1997. Population growth of mountain gazelles Gazella gazella reintroduced to central Arabia. Biological Conservation 81: 205-214. Eber, S. (Ed). 1992. Beyond the green horizon: Principles for sustainable tourism. World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), UK. 54 pp. Facey, W., Guise, A. and Waters, J. (Eds). 1993. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Ninth edition. Stacey International, London and New Jersey. 256 pp. Finan, T. J. and al-Haratani, E. R. 1996. Modern Bedouins: The transformation of traditional nomad society in Al-Taysiyah region of Saudi Arabia. Paper presented at the International Workshop on Sustainable Use of Rangeland and Desertification Control. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, November 1996. 24 pp. Fish, M. 1991. Focus on economics of tourism. Pp. 193-196. In: Singh, T. V., Smith, V. L., Fish, M. and Richter, L. K. (Eds). 1992. Tourism Environment: nature, culture, economy. Inter-India Publications, New Delhi. 343 pp. Fisher, M. 1997. Decline in the juniper woodlands of Raydah Reserve in southwestern Saudi Arabia: a response to climate changes? Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 6: 379-386. (7) Fisher, M., Ghazanfar, S. A., Chaudhary, S. A., Seddon, P. J., Robertson, F., Omar, S., Abbas, J. A. and Boer, B. 1998. Diversity and Conservation. Pp. 265-302 In: Ghazanfar, S. A. and Fisher, M. (Eds). Vegetation of Arabia. Geobotany 25. Kluwer Academic, The Netherlands. 362 pp.
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The Unfenced Desert
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Institute of Earth Studies Universi
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4 SUMMARY The Unfenced Desert Towar
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from human use in order to conserve
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Chapter two reviews global changes
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Chapter seven sets out the framewor
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In 1987 the report of the World Com
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and more succinctly by the Ecotouri
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infringements, environmental damage
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• policies for the development of
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“Because of the abundance and exc
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Political, economic, social and env
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Arabian Standard Oil Company), stru
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ustard Chlamydotis [undulata] macqu
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would be declared annually during t
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Al Khunfah Protected Area The over
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• Decreased application of strict
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the attitudes and awareness of a sa
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the Asir the number one summer holi
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government tourism body to co-ordin
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The next chapter looks in more deta
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Chapter 5. Public attitudes to wild
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sent copies of the questionnaire fo
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animals was chosen by 41% and 39%,
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There was little variation in the p
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Falcon 6.3% Cheetah 1.5% Camel 1.1%
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• not necessarily entail overnigh
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median 4. A total of 189 people ans
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Overall, 62% of people used private
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through the news media and may sugg
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accommodation. During vacations tou
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Each protected area can them be ass
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3 = basic facilities absent, but re
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Summary of Tourism Development Asse
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♦ Farasan Islands Summary Assessm
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♦ Ibex Reserve Summary Assessment
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♦ Mahazat as-Sayd Summary Assessm
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♦ National Wildlife Research Cent
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Ranking 4/12 Category Group 1: High
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♦ `Uruq Bani Ma’arid Summary As
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Area Rank Key Spp. Season Potential
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departments of Planning and Protect
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guides. The NCWCD should additional
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• Tourism revenue should aid the
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Topic 2: Training Questions to be a
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• Universities Suggested structur
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Other linkages: • Private sector
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• It is necessary to ensure that
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APPENDIX Review of NCWCD Wildlife P
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Date of creation = year of creation
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PA Infrastructure Border demarcatio
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Protected Area Al-Khunfah Administr
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permanent concrete structure based
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Protected Area At-Tubayq Administra
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during these period should be minim
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Nearest national sealed road : The
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Protected Area Farasan Islands Admi
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and humid in summer, spring - winte
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Nearest towns (150 km radius) : Far
Page 120 and 121: Protected Area Harrat al-Harrah Adm
Page 122 and 123: eastern Cape in southern Africa. It
Page 124 and 125: Other patrols : The NCWCD Aviation
Page 126 and 127: Cultural/historical : 3 Facilities
Page 128 and 129: Cultural Features Traditional uses
Page 130 and 131: Potential activities : Driven tours
Page 132 and 133: dorcas, reem and idmi gazelles, and
Page 134 and 135: Sensitivity / security : Safe for v
Page 136 and 137: The area’s designation allows for
Page 138 and 139: Key seasons : Re-established houbar
Page 140 and 141: Local communities involvement : Som
Page 142 and 143: Protected Area Majami’ al-Hadb Ad
Page 144 and 145: Threats to integrity : Unregulated
Page 146 and 147: Protected Area National Wildlife Re
Page 148 and 149: Responsibilities : Captive-breeding
Page 150 and 151: Wildlife : 1 Cultural/historical :
Page 152 and 153: 151 Water : Some permanent water se
Page 154 and 155: Other Stakeholders Local community
Page 156 and 157: 155
Page 158 and 159: Cultural Features Traditional uses
Page 160 and 161: Administrative features Category :
Page 162 and 163: Ranger chain of command : Day-to-da
Page 164 and 165: Category Group 1: High priority for
Page 166 and 167: Child & Grainger 1990; Fisher et al
Page 168 and 169: 167 Al-Dubyani, A. 2000. Kingdom to
Page 172 and 173: 171 Green, A. A. 1984b. Wildlife re
Page 174 and 175: 173 Richter, L. K. (Eds). Tourism E
Page 176 and 177: 175 Powell, E. A. 1999. Saudi Arabi
Page 178 and 179: 177 Seddon, P. J., Abuzinada, A. H.
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