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177 Seddon, P. J., Abuzinada, A. H. and Khoja, A. R. 1999. Recent trends in the management of protected areas for the Arabian oryx in Saudi Arabia and the potential for ecotourism and collaborative management programmes. Paper presented at the 1 st Abu Dhabi International Arabian Oryx Conference. Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. February 1999. Seddon, P. J. and Khoja, A. R. 1999. Report on 4 th National Tourism Fair, Tabuk Region, KSA, May 1999. Unpublished report. NCWCD, Riyadh.2 pp. Shobrak, M. 1996. Ecology of the Lappet-faced vulture Torgos tracheliotus in Saudi Arabia. Unpublished PhD. thesis. University of Glascow, U.K. 194 pp. Singh, T. V. 1991. Tourism Environment: nature culture economy. Pp. 7-10. In: Singh, T. V., Smith, V. L., Fish, M. and Richter, L. K. (Eds). Tourism Environment: nature, culture, economy. Inter-India Publications, New Delhi. 343 pp. Sulayem, M. S. , Strauss, M., Joubert, E. and Wacher, T. 1997. Action Plan for the `Uruq Bani Ma’arid protected area. Unpublished document. NCWCD, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 11pp. Sweeting, J. E. N. , Bruner, A. G. and Rosenfeld, A. B. 1999. The Green Host Effect: An integrated approach to sustainable tourism and resort development. Conservation International, Washington, D.C. 102 pp. Symens, P. 1988. Houbara bustard survey in Harrat al Harrah, March 1988. Unpublished report. NCWCD, Riyadh. Symens, P. 1989. Some notes on the conservation of ostrich in Saudi Arabia. Unpublished report. NCWCD, Riyadh. Tatwany, H. 1995. The distribution and status of seabirds on the Farasan Islands, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. NCWCD, Riyadh and Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester. Thompson, A. 2000. Origins of Arabia. Stacey International, London. 108 pp. Thouless , C. 1991. Conservation in Saudi Arabia. Oryx 25(4): 222-228. Usui, S. and Al-Abassi, T. 1995. The current status and 3-year plan of the Raydah Special Natural Reserve, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A report to the National Commission for Wildlife Conservation and Development. NCWCD, Riyadh. 55 pp. (7) van Heezik, Y. and Seddon, P. 1993. The use of exclosure plots in Harrat al-Harrah to measure the impact of camel grazing on vegetation recovery. Annual report. Unpublished report. NCWCD, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. van Heezik, Y. and Seddon, P. 1994a. Exclosure plots in Harrat al-Harrah. Annual report. Unpublished report. NCWCD, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. van Heezik, Y. and Seddon, P. 1994b. Bird counts in Harrat al-Harrah: seasonal and inter-habitat variation. Unpublished report. NCWCD, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. van Heezik, Y. and Seddon, P. 1995a. Exclosure plots in Harrat al-Harrah. Annual report 1995. Unpublished report. NCWCD, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. van Heezik, Y. and Seddon, P. 1995b. Preliminary survey of wolf sign distribution in Harrat al-Harrah: November 1994 - February 1995. Unpublished report. NCWCD, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. van Heezik, Y. and Seddon, P. J. 1995c. Harrat al-Harrah field projects: report for 1995. Unpublished report. NCWCD Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. van Heezik, Y. and Seddon, P. J. (Eds). 1996.. Restoration of Bird Populations: rearing, release, monitoring and habitat management. Proceedings of the Symposium on the Restoration of Houbara Bustard Populations in Saudi Arabia. NCWCD, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 111 pp.
178 van Heezik, Y. and Seddon, P. J. 1999. Habitat selection by houbara bustards in northern Saudi Arabia. Ibis 141: 208-215. Vesey-Fitzgerald, L. D. E. F. 1952. Wild life in Arabia. Oryx 1(5): 232-235. Wacher, T. 1993. Protocol for aerial gazelle surveys at Harrat al Harrah and Al Khunfah. Unpublished report. NCWCD, Riyadh. Wacher, T. and Al-Toum, M. 1994. Report on an aerial survey of the Farasan gazelle population. NCWCD unpublished report, Riyadh (10) Wacher, T. 1995a. Gazelle and Camel surveys: Harrah al Harrah & Al Khunfah protected areas - Saudi Arabia. March 1995. Unpublished report. NCWCD, Riyadh. Wacher, T. 1995b. Gazelle and camel survey Harrat Al Harrah protected area - Saudi Arabia June 1995. Unpublished report. NCWCD, Riyadh. Wacher, T. 1998. Great White Hope. BBC Wildlife Magazine. July 1998: 62-69. Wallace, G. N. 1993. Visitor Management: lessons from Galapagos National Park. Pp. 55-81. In: The Ecotourism Society. 1993. Ecotourism Guidelines for Nature Tour Operators. The Ecotourism Society, Vermont, USA. 14 pp. Weigeldt, C. & Schulz, H. 1992. Population assessment of the Lappet-faced vulture (Torgos tracheliotus) in Mahazat As-Said. Unpublished report. NWRC, Taif. Wells, M. and Brandon, K. 1992. People and Parks: Linking protected area management and local communities. The World Bank, Washington D.C.. 98 pp. Wells 1994 Western, D. 1993. Defining Ecotourism. Pp. 7-11. In: Lindberg, K. and Hawkins, D. E. (Eds). Ecotourism: A guide for planners and managers. The Ecotourism Society, North Bennington, VT, USA.175 pp. Williams, J. B. and Tieleman, B. I. In press. Physiological ecology and behavior of desert birds. Current Ornithology. Williamson, D. and Dunham, K. 1993. National Ibex Reserve Draft Masterplan 1993-1997. NCWCD Unpublished report, Riyadh.26 pp. WCED (World Commission on Environment and Development). 1987. Our Common Future. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. 400 pp. Yergin, D. 1991. The Prize: The epic quest for oil, money and power. Simon & Schuster Ltd., London.885 pp. Yoshikawa, K. and Yamamoto, F. 1994. Ecological studies on the “die-back” phenomenon of juniper forests in the mountainous areas of Asir, Saudi Arabia. NCWCD, Riyadh. (7) Zaghloul, S. and Al-Masood, N. 1999. Providing benefits to local communities surrounding protected areas. Unpublished discussion document (Arabic). NCWCD, Riyadh.
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The Unfenced Desert
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Institute of Earth Studies Universi
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4 SUMMARY The Unfenced Desert Towar
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from human use in order to conserve
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Chapter two reviews global changes
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Chapter seven sets out the framewor
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In 1987 the report of the World Com
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and more succinctly by the Ecotouri
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infringements, environmental damage
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• policies for the development of
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“Because of the abundance and exc
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Political, economic, social and env
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Arabian Standard Oil Company), stru
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ustard Chlamydotis [undulata] macqu
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would be declared annually during t
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Al Khunfah Protected Area The over
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• Decreased application of strict
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the attitudes and awareness of a sa
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the Asir the number one summer holi
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government tourism body to co-ordin
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The next chapter looks in more deta
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Chapter 5. Public attitudes to wild
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sent copies of the questionnaire fo
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animals was chosen by 41% and 39%,
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There was little variation in the p
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Falcon 6.3% Cheetah 1.5% Camel 1.1%
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• not necessarily entail overnigh
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median 4. A total of 189 people ans
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Overall, 62% of people used private
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through the news media and may sugg
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accommodation. During vacations tou
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Each protected area can them be ass
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3 = basic facilities absent, but re
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Summary of Tourism Development Asse
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♦ Farasan Islands Summary Assessm
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♦ Ibex Reserve Summary Assessment
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♦ Mahazat as-Sayd Summary Assessm
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♦ National Wildlife Research Cent
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Ranking 4/12 Category Group 1: High
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♦ `Uruq Bani Ma’arid Summary As
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Area Rank Key Spp. Season Potential
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departments of Planning and Protect
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guides. The NCWCD should additional
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• Tourism revenue should aid the
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Topic 2: Training Questions to be a
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• Universities Suggested structur
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Other linkages: • Private sector
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• It is necessary to ensure that
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APPENDIX Review of NCWCD Wildlife P
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Date of creation = year of creation
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PA Infrastructure Border demarcatio
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Protected Area Al-Khunfah Administr
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permanent concrete structure based
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Protected Area At-Tubayq Administra
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during these period should be minim
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Nearest national sealed road : The
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Protected Area Farasan Islands Admi
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and humid in summer, spring - winte
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Nearest towns (150 km radius) : Far
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Protected Area Harrat al-Harrah Adm
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eastern Cape in southern Africa. It
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Other patrols : The NCWCD Aviation
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Cultural/historical : 3 Facilities
Page 128 and 129: Cultural Features Traditional uses
Page 130 and 131: Potential activities : Driven tours
Page 132 and 133: dorcas, reem and idmi gazelles, and
Page 134 and 135: Sensitivity / security : Safe for v
Page 136 and 137: The area’s designation allows for
Page 138 and 139: Key seasons : Re-established houbar
Page 140 and 141: Local communities involvement : Som
Page 142 and 143: Protected Area Majami’ al-Hadb Ad
Page 144 and 145: Threats to integrity : Unregulated
Page 146 and 147: Protected Area National Wildlife Re
Page 148 and 149: Responsibilities : Captive-breeding
Page 150 and 151: Wildlife : 1 Cultural/historical :
Page 152 and 153: 151 Water : Some permanent water se
Page 154 and 155: Other Stakeholders Local community
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Page 158 and 159: Cultural Features Traditional uses
Page 160 and 161: Administrative features Category :
Page 162 and 163: Ranger chain of command : Day-to-da
Page 164 and 165: Category Group 1: High priority for
Page 166 and 167: Child & Grainger 1990; Fisher et al
Page 168 and 169: 167 Al-Dubyani, A. 2000. Kingdom to
Page 170 and 171: 169 Child, G. 1989. Socio-economic
Page 172 and 173: 171 Green, A. A. 1984b. Wildlife re
Page 174 and 175: 173 Richter, L. K. (Eds). Tourism E
Page 176 and 177: 175 Powell, E. A. 1999. Saudi Arabi
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