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“Environmentally-oriented tourism, or eco-tourism, is one of the most promising approaches to making protected areas economically productive, because at least in theory it is non-consumptive and can enhance rural economic productivity while reducing environmental costs. In reality ecotourism requires careful management to live up to its name, and avoid negative impacts on wildlife resources upon which it depends. … Tourism is bound to increase in Saudi Arabia, and the National Commission for Wildlife Conservation and Development bears a major responsibility to take the lead in providing models that are truly environmentally sensitive. What is needed is a set of policy guidelines and some working examples to ensure that tourism in protected areas becomes eco-tourism in the full sense of the word.” Eugene Joubert et al. (1996). Draft discussion document on the NCWCD’s strategy for sustainable development. 3
4 SUMMARY The Unfenced Desert Towards a strategy for eco-tourism development in protected areas in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Philip J. Seddon Since 1986 the National Commission for Wildlife Conservation and Development (NCWCD) has been charged with the protection of wildlife in Saudi Arabia, principally through the creation and management of a network of protected areas. Until recently the NCWCD protected area estate, numbering some 14 sites, has been managed through a preservationist approach under which local communities and other stakeholders have been denied access to natural resources, and receive few benefits. The NCWD has acknowledged that this approach is unsustainable, particularly in the face of shrinking government funding. Eco-tourism, nature-based tourism that protects the environment and enhances the well-being of local communities, provides a potential solution to these problem. The value of both domestic and international tourism is recognised in Saudi Arabia and moves are underway to develop the national tourism industry. However, tourism development in Saudi Arabia has proceeded without environmental protection regulations, and negative impacts are already evident in high-use regions. The NCWCD has a window of opportunity in which to develop eco-tourism within selected protected areas; such development should be co-ordinated within a comprehensive strategy for eco-tourism. Such a strategy would, inter alia, ensure that the principles of true eco-tourism are upheld, and would provide examples of best practise for national planning and regulation. This study aims to set out a framework for strategic planning for eco-tourism within Saudi Arabia’s wildlife protected areas, by drawing on a review of the current state of the tourism industry, and on an examination of public attitudes to outdoor recreation, wildlife and protected areas. The draft framework presented here is built around a vision statement; four objectives relating to conservation, education, recreation and community participation; seven general principles considering conservation, public enjoyment and education, rural economy, development and design, marketing and promotion, and research and monitoring; and ten proposed topics of action.
Page 1 and 2: The Unfenced Desert
Page 3: Institute of Earth Studies Universi
Page 7 and 8: from human use in order to conserve
Page 9 and 10: Chapter two reviews global changes
Page 11 and 12: Chapter seven sets out the framewor
Page 13 and 14: In 1987 the report of the World Com
Page 15 and 16: and more succinctly by the Ecotouri
Page 17 and 18: infringements, environmental damage
Page 19: • policies for the development of
Page 22 and 23: “Because of the abundance and exc
Page 24 and 25: Political, economic, social and env
Page 26 and 27: Arabian Standard Oil Company), stru
Page 28 and 29: ustard Chlamydotis [undulata] macqu
Page 30 and 31: would be declared annually during t
Page 32 and 33: Al Khunfah Protected Area The over
Page 34 and 35: • Decreased application of strict
Page 36 and 37: the attitudes and awareness of a sa
Page 38 and 39: the Asir the number one summer holi
Page 40 and 41: government tourism body to co-ordin
Page 42 and 43: The next chapter looks in more deta
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 5. Public attitudes to wild
Page 46 and 47: sent copies of the questionnaire fo
Page 48 and 49: animals was chosen by 41% and 39%,
Page 50 and 51: There was little variation in the p
Page 52 and 53: Falcon 6.3% Cheetah 1.5% Camel 1.1%
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• not necessarily entail overnigh
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median 4. A total of 189 people ans
Page 58 and 59:
Overall, 62% of people used private
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through the news media and may sugg
Page 62 and 63:
accommodation. During vacations tou
Page 64 and 65:
Each protected area can them be ass
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3 = basic facilities absent, but re
Page 68 and 69:
Summary of Tourism Development Asse
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♦ Farasan Islands Summary Assessm
Page 72 and 73:
♦ Ibex Reserve Summary Assessment
Page 74 and 75:
♦ Mahazat as-Sayd Summary Assessm
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♦ National Wildlife Research Cent
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Ranking 4/12 Category Group 1: High
Page 80 and 81:
♦ `Uruq Bani Ma’arid Summary As
Page 82 and 83:
Area Rank Key Spp. Season Potential
Page 84 and 85:
departments of Planning and Protect
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guides. The NCWCD should additional
Page 88 and 89:
• Tourism revenue should aid the
Page 90 and 91:
Topic 2: Training Questions to be a
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• Universities Suggested structur
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Other linkages: • Private sector
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• It is necessary to ensure that
Page 98 and 99:
APPENDIX Review of NCWCD Wildlife P
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Date of creation = year of creation
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PA Infrastructure Border demarcatio
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Protected Area Al-Khunfah Administr
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permanent concrete structure based
Page 108 and 109:
Protected Area At-Tubayq Administra
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during these period should be minim
Page 112 and 113:
Nearest national sealed road : The
Page 114 and 115:
Protected Area Farasan Islands Admi
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and humid in summer, spring - winte
Page 118 and 119:
Nearest towns (150 km radius) : Far
Page 120 and 121:
Protected Area Harrat al-Harrah Adm
Page 122 and 123:
eastern Cape in southern Africa. It
Page 124 and 125:
Other patrols : The NCWCD Aviation
Page 126 and 127:
Cultural/historical : 3 Facilities
Page 128 and 129:
Cultural Features Traditional uses
Page 130 and 131:
Potential activities : Driven tours
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dorcas, reem and idmi gazelles, and
Page 134 and 135:
Sensitivity / security : Safe for v
Page 136 and 137:
The area’s designation allows for
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Key seasons : Re-established houbar
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Local communities involvement : Som
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Protected Area Majami’ al-Hadb Ad
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Threats to integrity : Unregulated
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Protected Area National Wildlife Re
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Responsibilities : Captive-breeding
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Wildlife : 1 Cultural/historical :
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151 Water : Some permanent water se
Page 154 and 155:
Other Stakeholders Local community
Page 156 and 157:
155
Page 158 and 159:
Cultural Features Traditional uses
Page 160 and 161:
Administrative features Category :
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Ranger chain of command : Day-to-da
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Category Group 1: High priority for
Page 166 and 167:
Child & Grainger 1990; Fisher et al
Page 168 and 169:
167 Al-Dubyani, A. 2000. Kingdom to
Page 170 and 171:
169 Child, G. 1989. Socio-economic
Page 172 and 173:
171 Green, A. A. 1984b. Wildlife re
Page 174 and 175:
173 Richter, L. K. (Eds). Tourism E
Page 176 and 177:
175 Powell, E. A. 1999. Saudi Arabi
Page 178 and 179:
177 Seddon, P. J., Abuzinada, A. H.
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