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government tourism body to co-ordinate and promote domestic tourism (see next section). With the expertise being drawn from the business community, and the objectives relating to development, the current capacity to assess and regulate environmental impacts is limited or non-existent. The present administration of domestic leisure tourism in Saudi Arabia dangerously undervalues environmental conservation, and this may ultimately be at the expense of the industry as natural attractions are degraded. The future of domestic tourism in Saudi Arabia and the potential role of the NCWCD Delegates to the 4th National Tourism Fair in 1999, as well as respondents to my questionnaire for tourist operators, were in agreement; there is a need for a single government agency to co-ordinate, promote, develop and facilitate national tourism - a Department of Tourism, perhaps within the Ministry of Commerce, or a National Tourism Commission. A formal case was put to HRH Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz by the National Tourism Committee of the Council of Saudi Coc at a specially convened conference in Abha in 1996 (Y. Shafi, pers. comm.). In late 1999 a government committee was formed to study the feasibility of creating a National Commission on Tourism; the recommnedations from this committee are being awaited. Such a body should undertake to (Ady and Waller 1992; Bahais 1999; Makkah Emirate 1999; Ministry of Finance 1999; Ministry of Planning 1999): • develop a national tourism strategy, in conjunction with the ministries of Planning and Finance; • assist regional and site planning, together with regional and local government; • encourage and oversee the development of sites, infrastructure and capacity for the industry, together with the ministries of Planning, Municipal Affairs, Education, Communication and PTT (Post, Telegraph and Telephone); • develop the National Park system, together with MAW; • promote tourism amongst the public, including the production of maps and brochures, and the development of public awareness programmes; 39
• facilitate tourism industry development, together with the Ministry of Finance, to ease licensing and loan regulations, and possibly through the creation of a tourism development bank; • explore ways to increase the role of international tourism, together with the Ministry of Interior; • compile and publish statistics and monitor trends in the industry; • minimise the environmental impacts of tourism development, through legislation and enforcement of regulations on resource use, environmental impact assessment, and study of impacts and their mitigation or prevention; together with the NCWCD (wildlife and habitats) and MEPA (air and water quality and pollution monitoring), perhaps through the co-ordination of the newly created Environmental Minister Council - a government body created in 1997, with representation from 13 ministries and the brief to develop a strategy for environmental protection. It is with this last point that the input of the NCWCD become apparent (see also Abuzinada 1999). ♦ The NCWCD should seek to be involved in any new tourism co-ordinating body, e.g. a National Tourism Commission. ♦ The NCWCD should have input into the formulation of national tourism development policy, particularly at the project review level, e.g. environmental impact reporting, and the establishment of eco-friendly guidelines for development. ♦ The NCWCD should ensure that it retains total control over any and all eco-tourism development in and around wildlife protected areas, and should set up and co-ordinate the collection of statistics on wider environmental use and impacts. ♦ The NCWCD should formulate and implement its own eco-tourism strategy for protected areas and other natural sites that do or will fall under NCWCD responsibility. The success a few carefully selected pilot studies will provide a model for linkages between the government and private sector, to integrate the tourism industry and conservation through the development of eco-tourism ventures outside protected areas, particularly community-led projects in sites of biological importance. There is a very real danger that the NCWCD will be left out of what could be the most important developmental phase for Saudi Arabia since the infrastructure expansion of the 1970s and 80s. 40
Page 1 and 2: The Unfenced Desert
Page 3 and 4: Institute of Earth Studies Universi
Page 5 and 6: 4 SUMMARY The Unfenced Desert Towar
Page 7 and 8: from human use in order to conserve
Page 9 and 10: Chapter two reviews global changes
Page 11 and 12: Chapter seven sets out the framewor
Page 13 and 14: In 1987 the report of the World Com
Page 15 and 16: and more succinctly by the Ecotouri
Page 17 and 18: infringements, environmental damage
Page 19: • policies for the development of
Page 22 and 23: “Because of the abundance and exc
Page 24 and 25: Political, economic, social and env
Page 26 and 27: Arabian Standard Oil Company), stru
Page 28 and 29: ustard Chlamydotis [undulata] macqu
Page 30 and 31: would be declared annually during t
Page 32 and 33: Al Khunfah Protected Area The over
Page 34 and 35: • Decreased application of strict
Page 36 and 37: the attitudes and awareness of a sa
Page 38 and 39: the Asir the number one summer holi
Page 42 and 43: The next chapter looks in more deta
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 5. Public attitudes to wild
Page 46 and 47: sent copies of the questionnaire fo
Page 48 and 49: animals was chosen by 41% and 39%,
Page 50 and 51: There was little variation in the p
Page 52 and 53: Falcon 6.3% Cheetah 1.5% Camel 1.1%
Page 54 and 55: • not necessarily entail overnigh
Page 56 and 57: median 4. A total of 189 people ans
Page 58 and 59: Overall, 62% of people used private
Page 60 and 61: through the news media and may sugg
Page 62 and 63: accommodation. During vacations tou
Page 64 and 65: Each protected area can them be ass
Page 66 and 67: 3 = basic facilities absent, but re
Page 68 and 69: Summary of Tourism Development Asse
Page 70 and 71: ♦ Farasan Islands Summary Assessm
Page 72 and 73: ♦ Ibex Reserve Summary Assessment
Page 74 and 75: ♦ Mahazat as-Sayd Summary Assessm
Page 76 and 77: ♦ National Wildlife Research Cent
Page 78 and 79: Ranking 4/12 Category Group 1: High
Page 80 and 81: ♦ `Uruq Bani Ma’arid Summary As
Page 82 and 83: Area Rank Key Spp. Season Potential
Page 84 and 85: departments of Planning and Protect
Page 86 and 87: guides. The NCWCD should additional
Page 88 and 89: • Tourism revenue should aid the
Page 90 and 91:
Topic 2: Training Questions to be a
Page 92 and 93:
• Universities Suggested structur
Page 94 and 95:
Other linkages: • Private sector
Page 96 and 97:
• It is necessary to ensure that
Page 98 and 99:
APPENDIX Review of NCWCD Wildlife P
Page 100 and 101:
Date of creation = year of creation
Page 102 and 103:
PA Infrastructure Border demarcatio
Page 104 and 105:
Protected Area Al-Khunfah Administr
Page 106 and 107:
permanent concrete structure based
Page 108 and 109:
Protected Area At-Tubayq Administra
Page 110 and 111:
during these period should be minim
Page 112 and 113:
Nearest national sealed road : The
Page 114 and 115:
Protected Area Farasan Islands Admi
Page 116 and 117:
and humid in summer, spring - winte
Page 118 and 119:
Nearest towns (150 km radius) : Far
Page 120 and 121:
Protected Area Harrat al-Harrah Adm
Page 122 and 123:
eastern Cape in southern Africa. It
Page 124 and 125:
Other patrols : The NCWCD Aviation
Page 126 and 127:
Cultural/historical : 3 Facilities
Page 128 and 129:
Cultural Features Traditional uses
Page 130 and 131:
Potential activities : Driven tours
Page 132 and 133:
dorcas, reem and idmi gazelles, and
Page 134 and 135:
Sensitivity / security : Safe for v
Page 136 and 137:
The area’s designation allows for
Page 138 and 139:
Key seasons : Re-established houbar
Page 140 and 141:
Local communities involvement : Som
Page 142 and 143:
Protected Area Majami’ al-Hadb Ad
Page 144 and 145:
Threats to integrity : Unregulated
Page 146 and 147:
Protected Area National Wildlife Re
Page 148 and 149:
Responsibilities : Captive-breeding
Page 150 and 151:
Wildlife : 1 Cultural/historical :
Page 152 and 153:
151 Water : Some permanent water se
Page 154 and 155:
Other Stakeholders Local community
Page 156 and 157:
155
Page 158 and 159:
Cultural Features Traditional uses
Page 160 and 161:
Administrative features Category :
Page 162 and 163:
Ranger chain of command : Day-to-da
Page 164 and 165:
Category Group 1: High priority for
Page 166 and 167:
Child & Grainger 1990; Fisher et al
Page 168 and 169:
167 Al-Dubyani, A. 2000. Kingdom to
Page 170 and 171:
169 Child, G. 1989. Socio-economic
Page 172 and 173:
171 Green, A. A. 1984b. Wildlife re
Page 174 and 175:
173 Richter, L. K. (Eds). Tourism E
Page 176 and 177:
175 Powell, E. A. 1999. Saudi Arabi
Page 178 and 179:
177 Seddon, P. J., Abuzinada, A. H.
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