Mac OS X Leopard - ARCAism

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322 CHAPTER 18 INTRODUCING DARWIN AND THE SHELL This would effectively just add write permissions to the group for filename. Suppose you create a file and then wish to give special permissions to a group of people. By default, any file you create will have both the owner and group listed as you. You can change the group file to any other group that you belong to using the chgrp command with the following syntax: chgrp group filename To find out what groups you belong to you (and thus what’s available to you), you can use the id command, like so: Leopard:~ scott$ id uid=501(scott) gid=501(scott) groups=501(scott), 81(appserveradm), 79(appserverusr), 80(admin) So in this case, if I wanted to allow anyone in the admin group to be able to write to my soliloquy4 file, I could do the following: Leopard:~/Documents/Shakespeare/macbeth scott$ chgrp admin soliloquy4 Leopard:~/Documents/Shakespeare/macbeth scott$ ls -l total 8 -rw-r--r--- 1 scott admin 409 May 17 10:44 soliloquy4 Leopard:~/Documents/Shakespeare/macbeth scott$ chmod g+w soliloquy4 Leopard:~/Documents/Shakespeare/macbeth scott$ ls -l total 8 -rw-rw-r--- 1 scott admin 409 May 17 10:44 soliloquy4 ACLs and Extended File Attributes ACLs (access control lists) and extended attributes were introduced to OS X in Tiger (OS X 10.4), but while they used to simply be an option available to those who wished to use them, in Leopard they are used by default. NOTE ACLs will only be available on your system locally if you are using the HFS+ file system. For network shares, they can be used over AFP and SMB/CIFS. ACLs allow fine-grained control of a file’s access far beyond UNIX’s traditional ownergroup-everyone permissions. With ACLs you can control specific permissions for specific users or groups, and you can treat each user and group differently. Specifically, each file on your system has one ACL, and each ACL may contain an ordered list of entries. Each entry sets specific permissions for a single user or group. NOTE If you have a user and a group with the same name, and you must differentiate these in an ACL, you may prefix the name with either user: or group: to specify which entity you are referring to. Files with entries in their ACL will include a + in the 11th character in the permission listing when you use ls -l. If there are no ACL entries, but there are other file attributes for the given file, then the 11th character will contain an @. If there are no ACL entries or attributes, then the 11th character will contain a -. To view the ACL associated with a file, use the -e option with the ls command—for example, if I look in my home directory:
Leopard:~ scott$ ls -le total 0 drwx------+ 5 scott staff 170 Sep 7 10:35 Desktop/ 0: group:everyone deny delete drwx------+ 11 scott staff 374 Sep 7 07:53 Documents/ 0: group:everyone deny delete drwx------+ 10 scott staff 340 Sep 7 11:32 Downloads/ 0: group:everyone deny delete drwx------+ 40 scott staff 1360 Sep 7 10:39 Library/ 0: group:everyone deny delete drwx------+ 3 scott staff 102 Aug 25 14:54 Movies/ 0: group:everyone deny delete drwx------+ 6 scott staff 204 Aug 30 19:15 Music/ 0: group:everyone deny delete drwx------+ 4 scott staff 136 Aug 25 14:54 Pictures/ 0: group:everyone deny delete drwxr-xr-x+ 4 scott staff 136 Aug 25 14:54 Public/ 0: group:everyone deny delete drwxr-xr-x+ 6 scott staff 204 Sep 6 18:17 Sites/ 0: group:everyone deny delete CHAPTER 18 INTRODUCING DARWIN AND THE SHELL 323 When you look at the ACLs attached to the default folders in your home directory, you’ll see that they are set to deny everyone from deleting them. Don’t be afraid to try it; if you try a rmdir, you’ll get a Permission Denied warning, and if you try to drag the folders into the trash, you’ll get a warning telling you that that directory can’t be modified or deleted. To view a file’s attributes, use the -@ option with ls. NOTE Most of the file attributes are strictly there for application and Finder support. You can add your own attributes for whatever reason you want, but for the most part in OS X they are there to support the Finder. To add entries to or delete entries from an ACL, you use the chmod command with +a (to add an entry) or -a (to remove an entry). When you are adding an entry, the new entry will be added to the ACL. To remove an entry, you will need to specify the entry number using # n directives. Here are some examples of working with ACL entries: Leopard:macbeth scott$ ls -l total 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 scott staff 401 Sep 7 07:47 soliloquy4 Leopard:macbeth scott$ chmod +a "staff deny write,delete" soliloquy4 Leopard:macbeth scott$ ls -le total 8 -rw-r--r--+ 1 scott staff 401 Sep 7 07:47 soliloquy4 0: group:staff deny write,delete Leopard:macbeth scott$ chmod +a "scott allow read,write,delete" soliloquy4 Leopard:macbeth scott$ chmod +a "nobody deny read,write,delete" soliloquy4 Leopard:macbeth scott$ ls -le total 8 -rw-r--r--+ 1 scott staff 401 Sep 7 07:47 soliloquy4 0: user:nobody deny read,write,delete 1: group:staff deny write,delete 2: user:scott allow read,write,delete Leopard:macbeth scott$ chmod -a# 1 soliloquy4 Leopard:macbeth scott$ ls -le total 8 -rw-r--r--+ 1 scott staff 401 Sep 7 07:47 soliloquy4
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Mac OS X Leopard: Beyond the Manual
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PART 5 Getting to Know Darwin CHAPT
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viii CONTENTS CHAPTER 2 The File Sy
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x CONTENTS CHAPTER 7 Managing Appli
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xii CONTENTS CHAPTER 12 Address Boo
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xiv CONTENTS CHAPTER 16 iLife ’08
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xvi CONTENTS CHAPTER 21 Port Forwar
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xviii CONTENTS CHAPTER 25 Quick Loo
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xx CONTENTS Running Microsoft Windo
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xxii Acknowledgments First of all,
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Getting to Know Leopard PART 1
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4 CHAPTER 1 WORKING IN LEOPARD: THE
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10 CHAPTER 1 WORKING IN LEOPARD: TH
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28 CHAPTER 2 THE FILE SYSTEM Figure
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30 CHAPTER 2 THE FILE SYSTEM Table
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32 CHAPTER 2 THE FILE SYSTEM Table
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34 CHAPTER 2 THE FILE SYSTEM While
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36 CHAPTER 2 THE FILE SYSTEM Hidden
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38 CHAPTER 3 USING SPOTLIGHT, EXPOS
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System Preferences Many of the conf
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Option Description Click in the scr
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Table 4-2. Desktop Image Aspect Sel
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Dock The Dock preference pane (Figu
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CHAPTER 4 SYSTEM PREFERENCES 59 Fig
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Figure 4-11. The Input Menu tab in
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Figure 4-13. The Spotlight preferen
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Figure 4-16. The Display tab of the
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NOTE As you may have noticed, click
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Figure 4-22. When you have multiple
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The Options tab (Figure 4-25) provi
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Figure 4-26. The Keyboard tab in th
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Figure 4-28. The Mouse tab on the K
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Processor When you install the Xcod
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Internet & Network The next section
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Selecting Login Options (Figure 4-3
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This window requires some basic inf
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Figure 4-44. The Time Zone tab in t
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Figure 4-47. The Simple Finder The
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Figure 4-49. The Mail & iChat tab o
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Figure 4-52. The Software Update pr
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The Text to Speech tab (Figure 4-55
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Figure 4-57. The Seeing tab of the
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Figure 4-60. The Keyboard tab provi
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Today more and more features are bu
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At this point, you may be skeptical
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CHAPTER 5 CONNECTING PERIPHERALS TO
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CHAPTER 5 CONNECTING PERIPHERALS TO
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Figure 5-7. The printer Options she
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Connecting Bluetooth Devices Blueto
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The Bluetooth Setup Assistant will
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Figure 5-18. Finished successfully!
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CAUTION To eject media in Leopard,
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Connecting Other Peripherals Beside
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The Ink preference pane (Figure 5-2
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122 CHAPTER 6 COMMON LEOPARD MAINTE
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136 CHAPTER 7 BACKUP, SYNCHRONIZATI
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144 CHAPTER 8 LEOPARD SECURITY •
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146 CHAPTER 8 LEOPARD SECURITY NOTE
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148 CHAPTER 8 LEOPARD SECURITY Figu
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150 CHAPTER 8 LEOPARD SECURITY Figu
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152 CHAPTER 8 LEOPARD SECURITY •
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154 CHAPTER 8 LEOPARD SECURITY Summ
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Connecting to the Internet One of t
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Usually those three steps should ge
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NOTE One application notably missin
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Technology Description CHAPTER 9 CO
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Making an Ethernet Connection CHAPT
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Figure 9-7. A PPPoE connection work
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LEAP: Lightweight Extensible Authen
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Browsing the Web with Safari Leopar
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Figure 10-2. You can customize your
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Menu/Submenu Item Keyboard Shortcut
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Figure 10-4. All of your bookmarks,
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Figure 10-6. Safari running with ma
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CHAPTER 10 BROWSING THE WEB WITH SA
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Figure 10-10. The AutoFill options
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Private Browsing Another way to pro
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RSS Feeds in Safari RSS (Really Sim
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On the right side of the view area
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Figure 10-16. Selecting a region in
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Mail, Address Book, and iCal Mail T
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Item Keyboard Shortcut Description
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Figure 11-2. The first step in addi
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CHAPTER 11 MAIL, ADDRESS BOOK, AND
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When you select a message, its cont
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Creating Mail Rules CHAPTER 11 MAIL
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Figure 11-11. Mail will open a shee
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Using Mail Stationery The Mail appl
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Figure 11-14. Leopard’s Address B
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Creating Groups You might want to c
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Figure 11-17. iCal in Leopard (Week
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Adding Time Zone Support iCal has a
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iChat Instant messaging has been ga
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Figure 12-2. The Account Setup shee
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NOTE For more options, see the “C
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Ironically, the IM central server a
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For best results, select an even, n
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NOTE The Share My Screen... and Ask
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• Collect chats into a single win
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Figure 12-14. Tabbed chat helps you
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Working with Applications PART 4
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248 CHAPTER 13 APPLICATION BASICS S
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250 CHAPTER 13 APPLICATION BASICS F
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252 CHAPTER 13 APPLICATION BASICS F
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254 CHAPTER 13 APPLICATION BASICS T
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256 CHAPTER 14 APPLE APPS INCLUDED
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266 CHAPTER 15 .MAC NOTE You can al
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268 CHAPTER 15 .MAC iDisk Another f
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372 CHAPTER 21 WORKING WITH REMOTE
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Leopard As a Web Server There are s
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Figure 22-3. The Networking pane of
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If you’re developing web content,
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VirtualHost If you’ve got a web s
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What makes this directive interesti
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all that stuff is now handled autom
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Figure 22-7. The MySQL pane in Syst
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Domain Name Tricks Were you so incl
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PART Leopard Development and Script
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402 CHAPTER 23 MAC OS X AUTOMATION
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What is it about the Mac that makes
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Figure 24-2. Cocoa components in In
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Figure 24-3. Core Data modeling in
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Not so fast! CHAPTER 24 MAC OS X DE
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Figure 24-6. Address Book’s Peopl
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CHAPTER 24 MAC OS X DEVELOPMENT: TH
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Publication Subscription Syndicatio
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Figure 24-16. Core Animation’s ef
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On Mac OS X, this abstraction goes
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Ruby is the new hotness, and it shi
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WebObjects A kind of Cocoa for the
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448 CHAPTER 25 MAC OS X DEVELOPMENT
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Occasionally while using Leopard, y
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CHAPTER 27 WORKING WITH MICROSOFT W
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Appendixes
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526 APPENDIX A WHAT’S NEW WITH LE
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544 APPENDIX B INSTALLING MAC OS X
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Index Symbols and Numerics # (hash)
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alloc method, Objective-C, 483, 492
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Attach File command, Mail, 199 atta
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CalDAV standard, 430 iCal and, 227
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emote computing by Secure Shell in
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digital cameras connecting, 117-118
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saving text, 318, 319 searching tex
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filters Core Image filters, 439 Ima
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ftps (FTP Secure), 367 function key
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Instant Message framework, 431 inte
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IP addresses, 163 configuring Mac f
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list (port list) command, MacPorts,
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memory management, Objective-C, 482
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New Message window, Mail, 217 New N
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password sheet creating keychains a
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opening, 106 Supply Levels tab, 106
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unning PowerPC code, 518 Rotate too
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Services option, Mail, 198 set comm
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Spotlight Comments section, Info wi
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identifying differences in document
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users running commands, 303 who els
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Window items, Safari, 178 Window me
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