Mac OS X Leopard - ARCAism

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356 CHAPTER 20 LEOPARD NETWORKING Figure 20-6. Exploring the Net with Network Utility Netstat Netstat, as its name implies, provides network statistics, in four varieties. Routing Table: This is a map of known nodes from which your packets can begin their long trek across the Internet. This is not unlike checking Google maps to find out where your local post offices are. Statistics: This is a comprehensive list of statistics by protocol. This is the long version of the simple numbers displayed by Activity Monitor and the Info tab. If you’re curious to know how many inbound ipsec6 packets failed due to insufficient memory, here’s where you can find out. Multicast: This many-to-many communication protocol is used primarily by enterprise networks, though it’s also used by mDNS, peer-to-peer technologies, and Internet Relay Chat (IRC). If you want to monitor your multicast memberships or packet statistics, Netstat is there for you. Socket States: Every connection on the Internet uses a socket, which is the combination of your computer’s IP address and a port. It’s not a bad idea to see who’s connecting to your machine and what they’re up to. AppleTalk AppleTalk is an obsolete suite of networking protocols that Mac OS X supports for backward compatibility. Being built for the Internet, Mac OS X generally relies on TCP/IP for its networking needs. Still, should you find yourself participating in an AppleTalk network for some reason, Network Utility has a set of tools to help you keep tabs on your packets. Ping Ping is a diagnostic tool that uses the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) to determine your ability to reach a given IP address, be it another computer or something like a router. The
theory behind Ping is that any machine that receives a ping is supposed to echo it back. Unfortunately, Ping has been abused by malware in the past—hence stealth mode. To use Ping in Network Utility, enter an IP address or domain name. Ping will then list the pings as they return, along with how long it took them to traverse the network. This is useful in any number of ways. For example, if your web site goes down but your web host responds to pings, you can deduce that the host program crashed, but that the server is OK. If the server does not respond to pings, you can assume something is wrong on a hardware level. Similarly, if your server responds by IP address, but doesn’t respond by domain name, you can deduce that something is wrong with the domain name system (DNS). Further investigation would be needed to determine if the domain name has expired, or if there is something else going on. These can be determined elsewhere in Network Utility. Lookup The Lookup tab combines the nslookup and dig tools to query DNS, which converts humanreadable web addresses to the numerical IP addresses used by computers. The information returned by Lookup varies by host, but at the very least you can use it to get the IP address of a given server name. Traceroute Traceroute maps the path of packets as they travel to a given server address. Aside from being kind of interesting, it’s a useful diagnostic tool. When a server is unreachable, there’s no way of knowing where the packets are being stopped. By using Traceroute, you can figure out who you need to call to get traffic flowing. Like Ping, Traceroute has been abused by nefarious forces, so some servers will block Traceroute requests. Even so, you can usually get to the outer bounds of a given network, which will certainly tell you something, so Traceroute remains a good thing to have in your toolbox. Whois CHAPTER 20 LEOPARD NETWORKING 357 As opposed to the tools in Lookup, which convert domain names into IP addresses, Whois queries domain registries to determine who owns them. There are a couple of reasons why you might want to know this. If your site is down and your server is reachable by IP address, but not by domain name, one possibility is that your domain name has expired or has been stolen. Checking the Whois information will let you know for sure. If Whois checks out OK, you can begin suspecting something is wrong with the name server itself. Should you find your packets are being stopped at a certain node via Traceroute, Whois will tell you who you need to call about it. It’s also a good way to see if a domain name is available, and if it’s not, to see when it expires. There’s no sense putting up good money for a domainwatching service if the registration is not going to expire for another five years. As with many parts of the Internet, Whois registries have been abused. Putting your name, e-mail address, home address, and telephone number where anyone can get them is a potential privacy concern. As such, some registrars now offer anonymous registration, whereby they will register the domain in their own name on your behalf, preventing people from getting any useful information about you. As with any such tactic, this certainly improves security by some degree, while breaking the Internet by another.
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Mac OS X Leopard: Beyond the Manual
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PART 5 Getting to Know Darwin CHAPT
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viii CONTENTS CHAPTER 2 The File Sy
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x CONTENTS CHAPTER 7 Managing Appli
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xii CONTENTS CHAPTER 12 Address Boo
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xiv CONTENTS CHAPTER 16 iLife ’08
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xvi CONTENTS CHAPTER 21 Port Forwar
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xviii CONTENTS CHAPTER 25 Quick Loo
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xx CONTENTS Running Microsoft Windo
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xxii Acknowledgments First of all,
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Getting to Know Leopard PART 1
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4 CHAPTER 1 WORKING IN LEOPARD: THE
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10 CHAPTER 1 WORKING IN LEOPARD: TH
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28 CHAPTER 2 THE FILE SYSTEM Figure
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30 CHAPTER 2 THE FILE SYSTEM Table
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32 CHAPTER 2 THE FILE SYSTEM Table
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34 CHAPTER 2 THE FILE SYSTEM While
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36 CHAPTER 2 THE FILE SYSTEM Hidden
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38 CHAPTER 3 USING SPOTLIGHT, EXPOS
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System Preferences Many of the conf
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Option Description Click in the scr
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Table 4-2. Desktop Image Aspect Sel
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Dock The Dock preference pane (Figu
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CHAPTER 4 SYSTEM PREFERENCES 59 Fig
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Figure 4-11. The Input Menu tab in
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Figure 4-13. The Spotlight preferen
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Figure 4-16. The Display tab of the
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NOTE As you may have noticed, click
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Figure 4-22. When you have multiple
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The Options tab (Figure 4-25) provi
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Figure 4-26. The Keyboard tab in th
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Figure 4-28. The Mouse tab on the K
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Processor When you install the Xcod
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Internet & Network The next section
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Selecting Login Options (Figure 4-3
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This window requires some basic inf
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Figure 4-44. The Time Zone tab in t
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Figure 4-47. The Simple Finder The
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Figure 4-49. The Mail & iChat tab o
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Figure 4-52. The Software Update pr
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The Text to Speech tab (Figure 4-55
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Figure 4-57. The Seeing tab of the
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Figure 4-60. The Keyboard tab provi
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Today more and more features are bu
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At this point, you may be skeptical
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CHAPTER 5 CONNECTING PERIPHERALS TO
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CHAPTER 5 CONNECTING PERIPHERALS TO
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Figure 5-7. The printer Options she
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Connecting Bluetooth Devices Blueto
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The Bluetooth Setup Assistant will
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Figure 5-18. Finished successfully!
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CAUTION To eject media in Leopard,
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Connecting Other Peripherals Beside
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The Ink preference pane (Figure 5-2
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122 CHAPTER 6 COMMON LEOPARD MAINTE
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136 CHAPTER 7 BACKUP, SYNCHRONIZATI
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144 CHAPTER 8 LEOPARD SECURITY •
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146 CHAPTER 8 LEOPARD SECURITY NOTE
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148 CHAPTER 8 LEOPARD SECURITY Figu
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150 CHAPTER 8 LEOPARD SECURITY Figu
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152 CHAPTER 8 LEOPARD SECURITY •
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154 CHAPTER 8 LEOPARD SECURITY Summ
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Connecting to the Internet One of t
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Usually those three steps should ge
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NOTE One application notably missin
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Technology Description CHAPTER 9 CO
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Making an Ethernet Connection CHAPT
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Figure 9-7. A PPPoE connection work
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LEAP: Lightweight Extensible Authen
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Browsing the Web with Safari Leopar
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Figure 10-2. You can customize your
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Menu/Submenu Item Keyboard Shortcut
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Figure 10-4. All of your bookmarks,
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Figure 10-6. Safari running with ma
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CHAPTER 10 BROWSING THE WEB WITH SA
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Figure 10-10. The AutoFill options
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Private Browsing Another way to pro
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RSS Feeds in Safari RSS (Really Sim
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On the right side of the view area
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Figure 10-16. Selecting a region in
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Mail, Address Book, and iCal Mail T
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Item Keyboard Shortcut Description
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Figure 11-2. The first step in addi
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CHAPTER 11 MAIL, ADDRESS BOOK, AND
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When you select a message, its cont
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Creating Mail Rules CHAPTER 11 MAIL
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Figure 11-11. Mail will open a shee
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Using Mail Stationery The Mail appl
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Figure 11-14. Leopard’s Address B
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Creating Groups You might want to c
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Figure 11-17. iCal in Leopard (Week
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Adding Time Zone Support iCal has a
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iChat Instant messaging has been ga
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Figure 12-2. The Account Setup shee
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NOTE For more options, see the “C
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Ironically, the IM central server a
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For best results, select an even, n
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NOTE The Share My Screen... and Ask
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• Collect chats into a single win
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Figure 12-14. Tabbed chat helps you
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Working with Applications PART 4
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248 CHAPTER 13 APPLICATION BASICS S
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250 CHAPTER 13 APPLICATION BASICS F
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252 CHAPTER 13 APPLICATION BASICS F
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254 CHAPTER 13 APPLICATION BASICS T
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256 CHAPTER 14 APPLE APPS INCLUDED
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266 CHAPTER 15 .MAC NOTE You can al
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268 CHAPTER 15 .MAC iDisk Another f
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iLife ’08 Apple’s iLife ’08 i
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NOTE iPhoto keeps track of all your
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Figure 16-3. iMovie ’08 and its n
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Figure 16-5. Building a Welcome pag
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New in GarageBand ’08 is a featur
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iWork ’08 Apple has been producin
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One great feature of Keynote is tha
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Figure 17-4. A Pages document in Pa
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Getting to Know Darwin PART 5
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290 CHAPTER 18 INTRODUCING DARWIN A
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406 CHAPTER 23 MAC OS X AUTOMATION
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What is it about the Mac that makes
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Figure 24-2. Cocoa components in In
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Figure 24-3. Core Data modeling in
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Not so fast! CHAPTER 24 MAC OS X DE
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Figure 24-6. Address Book’s Peopl
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CHAPTER 24 MAC OS X DEVELOPMENT: TH
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Publication Subscription Syndicatio
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Figure 24-16. Core Animation’s ef
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On Mac OS X, this abstraction goes
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Ruby is the new hotness, and it shi
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WebObjects A kind of Cocoa for the
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448 CHAPTER 25 MAC OS X DEVELOPMENT
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Occasionally while using Leopard, y
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CHAPTER 27 WORKING WITH MICROSOFT W
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Appendixes
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526 APPENDIX A WHAT’S NEW WITH LE
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544 APPENDIX B INSTALLING MAC OS X
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Index Symbols and Numerics # (hash)
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alloc method, Objective-C, 483, 492
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Attach File command, Mail, 199 atta
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CalDAV standard, 430 iCal and, 227
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emote computing by Secure Shell in
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digital cameras connecting, 117-118
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saving text, 318, 319 searching tex
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filters Core Image filters, 439 Ima
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ftps (FTP Secure), 367 function key
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Instant Message framework, 431 inte
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IP addresses, 163 configuring Mac f
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list (port list) command, MacPorts,
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memory management, Objective-C, 482
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New Message window, Mail, 217 New N
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password sheet creating keychains a
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opening, 106 Supply Levels tab, 106
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unning PowerPC code, 518 Rotate too
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Services option, Mail, 198 set comm
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Spotlight Comments section, Info wi
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identifying differences in document
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users running commands, 303 who els
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Window items, Safari, 178 Window me
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