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August, 1925
sign is such that ribs, bosses and reinforcements may
be formed, coined or doubled into the metal, and
where accessory parts formed by other processes can
be effectively added and combined by pressing into,
or by welding, the pressed steel engineer can offer
splendid economies.
Rapid production, greater uniform strength, less
weight for a given purpose and its accruing advantages,
reduced machining costs, better original surfaces
for plating, painting or enameling, even distribution
of the metal, and smoother outlines form the basis of
the appeal to consideration for the use of pressed
metal.
The inventor and designer of a hundred years ago
perhaps felt at times that the ultimate had been
reached, yet was not deterred; we are still constantly
searching out and find new and advantageous applications
of pressed metal to projects of widely varying
functions; household appliances, aircraft and the radio
have already added to the list, and we are all familiar
with pressed steel furniture—it may be that with
further developments of rust-proofing that residences
will be of steel, and the writer recalls that he recently
saw a proposition for constructing a whole highway
from pressed steel sections; at any rate, as the authors
declare, the experiences of the pressed metal manufacturer
in observing the action of steel under pressure
in the dies are so varied that it seems obvious that
the manufacturer contemplating how a metal part may
best be made will consult him.
It is true that the pressed metal manufacturer must
cite his achievements and point the way to greater
economies; in proportion as we contribute to progress
in any line of endeavor, do we prosper. The pressed
metal industry can justly claim a place in the fore
front with those industries that have gained ground by
virtue of their proven accomplishment.
(Continued from page 267)
breaks up the grains into fragments along many sets
of slip planes, some of which intersect. The original
grain boundaries persist even after severe cold working,
but the fragments of the grains are moved in such
a way as to cause an apparent elongation in the direction
of working (see Fig. 65, Chapter III).
The structure produced by cold working, is not
obtainable in any other way. The breaking up of
grains and the turning movements of the fragments
produced by cold working has a hardening effect very
similar to that of grain refinement. An additional
hardening effect results from the production of a considerable
amount of disorganized or amorphous metal,
at slip planes and grain boundaries during the breaking
up of the original grains.
Severe cold working tends to orient the crystal
fragments of all original grains in certain definite directions
with reference to the direction of working.
This tends to make slip somewhat easier, along these
directions. Therefore it is probable that there is a
limit to the hardness obtainable by cold work. The
hardness obtainable by cold working of pure metals,
is usually much less than that obtainable by the addition
of small quantities of alloying elements, followed
by heat treatment. Iron, for example, can never be
made as hard by cold working, as steel containing
about 1 per cent carbon, which has been hardened
by quenching from above the critical range.
forging-Stamping- Heaf "Beating 283
Machine Designed to Salvage Old Wire
A wire straightening machine that will prove to
be an economy in almost every factory is the latest
product placed on the market by the Kane & Roach
Company of Syracuse, N. Y. This machine will salvage
95 per cent of the wire put into it no matter how
badly twisted.
The machine is simply constructed, consisting of
eight rolls, the first two of which act as pinching rolls,
being equipped with spring adjustment to prevent
shaft strain. The remaining six rolls are staggered,
all but one upper roll being driven by gears. These
rolls are all made of tool steel, heat treated and hardened.
The shafts are of high carbon steel, accurately
machined and polished. A feed guide made of high
Wire salvaging machine
carbon steel directs the wire into the rolls. Passe
the rolls are so cut that once the machine is adjusted,
it is unnecessary to readjust the rolls for each size of
wire other than to raise or lower the last roll to correct
the tendency of the wire to go up or down as it
is delivered from the machine. All rolls and gears
are covered by guards which protect the operator.
The machine has a capacity for 1/16-in. to ^g-in. wire
core, and from 150 to 200 feet of wire a minute.
What Fuel Shall Industry Use?
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In the face of the coming coal strike many industries
are looking around for a substitute for this commodity.
A prominent Pittsburgh fuel engineer recently
discussed the advantages of gas as a fuel for industry,
and some of his conclusions are given below. He
pointed out the fact that 10 or 12 years ago in a territory
where manufactured gas was sold more gas was
used for industrial purposes than in the natural gas
regions where gas was cheaper. This was because
the supply of natural gas was never sure and the
equipment utilized was very inefficient. Today, however,
many natural gas people are selling gas to industries
because a constant supply has been insured
by supplementing the natural gas supply with manufactured
gas. Modern equipment is replacing the
wasteful types previously used.