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T ARGET Objectives It is a declared goal of the European Union to increase the share of biomass for power production. Gasification of biomass and combustion in a gas engine or turbine is the most efficient way of power production. However for gas turbines, stars in the LCV gas are a big problem and can result in fouling, increased emissions and failures during operation. In order to avoid those problems, intensive gas cleaning has, up until now, been recommended because limits and effects in gas turbine combustion are not known. This makes biomass gasification less cost competitive than combustion systems. The focus of this project is on the effect of tars on fouling and emissions of turbines and micro-turbines and especially on interactions between gasifier, gas cleaning and (micro) turbine. Only by an integrated approach will it be possible to provide customised and more cost competitive biomass based IGCC systems. TARGeT: Approaches in overcoming tar related problems Problems addressed Biomass, if properly grown and managed, is a renewable resource and an attractive feedstock for gasification processes, which produce a gas rich in carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Unfortunately, a small fraction of the biomass is converted to tar. Tar will impose serious limitations on the use of the produced low calorific fuel (LCV) gas due to the fouling of downstream process equipment and emission of carbon monoxide. For future advanced biomassbased power systems these processes must be further developed, in particular in biomass fired integrated small-scale gasifiers and gas turbine systems Future biomass-based power-generation technologies have to provide a higher efficiency at lower costs by combining well-established gasification processes, sophisticated low calorific value gas cleaning and reliable combustion with minimal emissions. For this reason fuel upgrading, combustion and cycle improvement and lower emission are required. The innovation aimed at in this project is to research the different gas cleaning steps and determine how much gas cleaning is required to deliver to the gas turbine section a fuel gas which will not foul and which can be combusted with low emissions. 100 Project structure The work is based on seven work packages that are linked by coordination. See diagram 1. In the second work-package research is performed to improve tar measurements and measurement techniques that are used within the project. For this a novel on-line total tar analysing method is used in combination with identification of tar components with a solid phase absorption technique. The fourth work package contains experiments with advanced set-ups of state-of-the-art fixed bed gasifiers, gas cleaning and tar removal by low temperature techniques such as filters, scrubbers and catalytic crackers. In parallel the fifth work package researches pressurised gasification in combination with high temperature gas cleaning by ceramic filters. The third work package concentrates on experimental tar fouling testing and modelling of a fuel gas compressor designed for the operation on biomass derived low calorific value fuel gas. In parallel with the fifth work package, a combustor design is made based on measurements performed with a gas turbine combustor operated on real LCV gas and two combustors operated on simulated LCV gas. This new combustor will be applied in the micro gas turbine experiments. In the sixth work package the fuel gas compressor and micro turbine on simulated LCV gas are experimentally tested. All work will be carried out in close relation to industry, who will use their expertise to assure the technical and economical implementation of project results in future plant designs, aspects of which will be the central theme of the final seventh work package.
TARGeT Process Scheme. New combustor. Impact and exploitation In the two years of the TARGeT project, two tar measurement techniques were enhanced and compared during on-site tests. These techniques were the on-line GC-FID-FID technique and the offline S.P.A technique. In combination, these techniques show that good tar analyses of biomass derived fuel gas is possible and accurate. The methods were used to measure tars inside the integrated systems of a 1 MW Pressurised Fluidised Bed Gasifier (PFBG) with ceramic filter system and gas turbine combustor and the integrated system of a 1 MW Downdraft Fixed Bed gasifier with sawdust filters, scrubber and fuel gas compressor. (See diagram.) Tests show that tars can slip through the gas cleaning system. This fuel gas compressor will be used to supply the required amount of pressurised fuel gas to a small-scale turbine with LCV gas combustor. Compression tests with LCV gas were performed and changes to the gas cleaning and compressor were made to decrease tar condensation inside the compressor. These tests show promising results for further integration of the gas turbine. The high temperature gas cleaning with filters of b-cordierite operated at 800°C showed high dust removal efficiencies, no tar clogging and small influences in tar cracking. These types of gas cleaning are considered as very useful in Biomass Fired Integrated Small-scale Gasifiers and Gas Turbine Systems. A new combustor was designed and constructed with a thermal input of 500 kW at 3.3 bara to fit the small-scale turbine. Combustion chamber modelling for the first burner and modelling for the second burner are performed together with modelling of emissions from tar containing LCV gas. The active involvement of all the participants has brought both academic and industrial knowledge into the project. The skills to solve the scientific and technical problems related to thermal conversion of biomass/renewable solid fuels, gas cleaning and gas analyses have proven that clear progress in power production from biomass is possible. In the last year of the project more work will be performed on a complete integrated system. Project structure. 101 INFORMATION References: ENK5-CT-2000-00313 Programme: FP5 - Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development Title: The Influence of Tar Composition and Concentration on Fouling, Emission and Efficiency of Micro and Small Scale Gas Turbines by Combustion of Biomass Derived Low Calorific Valued Gas – TARGET Duration: 36 months Contact point: Helmuth Spliethoff TU Delft Tel: +31-1527-86071 Fax: +31-1527-82460 h.spliethoff@wbmt.tudelft.nl Partners: TU Delft (NL) Universität Stuttgart (D) Alstom Power Technology (CH) Royal Institute of Technology (S) Host (NL) Alstom Power (UK) EC Scientific Officer: Pierre Dechamps Tel: +32-2-2956623 Fax: +32-2-2964288 pierre.dechamps@cec.eu.int Status: Ongoing
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PROJECT SYNOPSES European Bio-Energ
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Interested in European research? RT
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LEGAL NOTICE: Neither the European
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Contents � Forestry - Energy Wood
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- Studies of Fuel Blend Properties
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Expected impact and exploitation Th
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Results The main result of this pro
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Furthermore, multifuelled tests of
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Expected impact The integrated swee
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Expected impact and exploitation We
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Figure 1: Enrichment and depletion
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Greece on environmental technologie
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Project structure. Progress to date
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Progress to date The process of the
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Construction Details of DEPR-Plant.
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The most important feature of the P
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At the moment the second stage of t
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Isometric view of Corby Mixed Bio-F
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meetings and discussions have taken
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RESHMENT - Process. Project structu
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Project structure The project is or
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Results of catalytic processes. Pro
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VTT’s Process Development Unit (P
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Page 75 and 76: Wood- Biomass- Bio-oil- Electricity
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Page 91 and 92: Results Selective catalytic oxidati
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Page 99: NOVEL CHP process. Results The deve
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Page 105 and 106: Results At the biennial meeting in
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The advantage of fly ash in concret
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Environment • reduce emissions of
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Progress to date All the design and
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Figure 1: Flow Chart. Moreover, the
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Project structure In order to devel
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Figure 1: Expansion process within
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No tar-contaminated wastewater •
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Figure 1: View of the CHP plant, Li
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ales will be tested with the new te
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Progress to date Figure 1: Sustaina
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Expected impact and exploitation It
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Progress to date The delays of pres
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Expected impact and exploitation On
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Expected results and exploitation p
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As a result of the new agricultural
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Biomass bundling technology system.
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Expected impact and exploitation Re
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Structure of the BioNorm project. E
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In the second activity, the results
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Expected impact and exploitation In
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Results The project has successfull
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Figure 1: Research Areas of WG1 and
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perception and image of bioenergy,
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to determining the consequences for
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EU Biomass Technology Pavilion in W
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for the transport sector, and you h
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husks. As this waste material is co
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Distribution of the various types o
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Expected impact and exploitation Wa
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This compilation of synopses covers
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