European Bio-Energy Projects

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TOMERED Objectives The utilisation of biomass and biowaste materials as fuel (biofuels) with coal for power generation has been proved to contribute to a decrease in fuel and energy costs as well as a reduction in CO2. However, in many instances the use of biofuels introduces significantly higher concentrations of toxic metals (ToMe), such as Hg, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, As, etc. into the combustion process. Valid data is limited on the emission behaviour of ToMe during large-scale combustion of biofuels together with coal and its influence on their behaviour during subsequent flue gas cooling and treatment processes. The project aims to investigate the fate of ToMe during the combustion of coal with and without a range of biofuels, and to develop control strategies for the reduction of ToMe and other pollutants from large combustion plants. There will be a special focus on enhancing the removal of mercury. Reduction of toxic metal emissions from combustion plants Problems addressed The project partners are performing fundamental investigations in laboratory-, bench-, pilot- and fullscale combustion facilities with emission control equipment. The project addresses key technical issues such as the understanding of ToMe release, distribution and, when possible, speciation during combustion and subsequent cooling, the provision of valid data from fullscale plants on ToMe emission, and the development of strategies or novel technological solutions to enhance the removal of ToMe from combustion flue gas. Therefore, the partitioning behaviour and the speciation of ToMe is characterised in an extensive test programme with the use and development of advanced analysis and characterisation methods. The experimental work will be supported by the development, validation and application of theoretical models for ash transformation, and ToMe speciation, enrichment and removal. Other main activities include the review and critical assessment of the best available technologies and current developmental approaches for the removal of ToMe, an assessment of fuel-blending strategies, a detailed study into the impact of conventional emission control technologies for particulates, SO2 and NOx on the fate of ToMe, particularly mercury, an evaluation of suitable carbon- non-carbon- or metal-oxide-based sorbents, as well as a techno-economic assessment of future mercury control options including recommendations for further research and development. 138 Consortium The project consortium is made up of three leading European energy supply companies, namely E.ON Engineering GmbH, (D), PowerGen UK Plc, (UK), and ENEL Produzione S.p.A., (I), a power plant manufacturer, Mitsui Babcock Energy Ltd., (UK), a combustion engineering company, Reaction Engineering International, (US), as well as two research organisations, Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands, (NL), KEMA Nederland B.V., (NL), and eight European universities, Technical University of Denmark, (DK), Abo Akademi University, (FI), Technical University of Delft, (NL), The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, (UK), The University of Nottingham, (UK), University of Alicante, (ES), and Helsinki University of Technology, (FI), active in the field of combustion and flue gas treatment technologies. Expected results and exploitation The outcome of the work will contribute to a further understanding of ToMe behaviour during the (co-)combustion of coal and biofuels and therefore to contribute to the development of multi-pollutant control strategies for ToMe. The identification of relationships between fuel type, the fate of ToMe, and the major effects from applied air-pollution control devices is of interest to both legislative authorities and power plant operators. The development of approaches for the enhanced removal and/or capture of ToMe, such as fuel blending strategies or suitable additives and sorbents, will be considered in terms of performance and cost. The most costeffective strategies will be recommended for further research and development. Policy-makers and power plant operators will be provided with technical guidelines and recommendations regarding the control of ToMe from large-scale combustion plants.
Expected impact International and national plans and treaties have been proposed and signed with the intention of reducing particle-bound trace element emissions as well as gaseous mercury emissions. Although these plans often include reduction targets, they rarely, if ever, include specific details of how such reduction should be achieved. The contribution of large coalcombustion plants to ToMe emissions varies from country to country and, while emissions from other sources, such as medical and municipal waste incinerators, are being reduced, those from large coal-combustion plants are either remaining constant or have been potentially increased in recent years. In the US, activities related to PM and mercury dominate research related to combustion emissions. This is mainly the result of the threat of proposed regulations for mercury emission (by 2004) and PM. European industry and engineering organisations and research institutes have pushed ahead with NOx and SOx removal technologies, but very little effort has been made across Europe to investigate the impact of applied flue gas cleaning technologies on the behaviour of ToMe. With the implementation of limiting values for NOx and SOx together with limiting values for mercury in US coal-fired power plants, information concerning the behaviour of relevant ToMe and the removal efficiencies of APCDs are of growing interest. Flue-gas cleaning. 139 INFORMATION References: ENK5-CT-2002-00699 Programme: FP5 - Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development Title: Reduction of Toxic Metal Emissions from Industrial Combustion Plants-Impact of Emission Control Technologies – TOMERED Duration: 36 months Contact point: Sven Unterberger Universität Stuttgart Tel: +49-711-1212205 Fax: +49-711-1212291 Unterberger@ivd.uni-stuttgart.de Partners: Universität Stuttgart (D) TU Denmark (DK) Mitsui Babcock Energy (UK) University Alicante (E) TU Delft (NL) Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (NL) E.ON Engineering (D) Helsinki University of Technology (FIN) Reaction Engineering International (USA) University of Nottingham (UK) Kema Nederland (NL) ENEL Produzione (I) Aabo Akademi University (FIN) Powergen (UK) Imperial College of Science (UK) Website: http://www.eu-projects.de/TOMERED EC Scientific Officer: Pierre Dechamps Tel: +32-2-2956623 Fax: +32-2-2964288 pierre.dechamps@cec.eu.int Status: Ongoing
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PROJECT SYNOPSES European Bio-Energ
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Interested in European research? RT
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LEGAL NOTICE: Neither the European
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Contents � Forestry - Energy Wood
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- Studies of Fuel Blend Properties
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Expected impact and exploitation Th
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Results The main result of this pro
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Furthermore, multifuelled tests of
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Expected impact The integrated swee
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Expected impact and exploitation We
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Figure 1: Enrichment and depletion
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Greece on environmental technologie
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Project structure. Progress to date
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Progress to date The process of the
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Construction Details of DEPR-Plant.
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The most important feature of the P
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At the moment the second stage of t
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Isometric view of Corby Mixed Bio-F
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meetings and discussions have taken
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RESHMENT - Process. Project structu
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Project structure The project is or
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Results of catalytic processes. Pro
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VTT’s Process Development Unit (P
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Project structure The project is im
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• syngas cooler; • baghouses fo
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Figure 1: Typical BIGCC process sch
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Bio oil is an easy-to-use liquid. B
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3-D drawing of the envisaged pyroly
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Progress to date Project progress,
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Progress to date Both networks regu
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Finally, the project will contribut
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treatment dominate the cost structu
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Gasification product gas compositio
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Figure 1: Energy flows of the AER p
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• combustion of fuel gas in a tur
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Wood- Biomass- Bio-oil- Electricity
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Figure 1: Basic process flow diagra
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Progress to date A lot of data must
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Figure 1: Deposites of crystalline
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Figure 1: Overview of biological wa
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Picture 1: Large-scale Digestor Set
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Page 91 and 92: Results Selective catalytic oxidati
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Page 95 and 96: • Rebuilding a carburettor and ex
Page 97 and 98: Expected results and exploitation p
Page 99 and 100: NOVEL CHP process. Results The deve
Page 101 and 102: TARGeT Process Scheme. New combusto
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Page 105 and 106: Results At the biennial meeting in
Page 107 and 108: BFB-Plant. Furthermore from tanned
Page 109 and 110: INTCON - Mainscreen. For this appli
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Page 113 and 114: Expected results As the project sta
Page 115 and 116: Figure 1: Hot water accumulator and
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Page 119 and 120: Clean Coal Pre--feasibility Study L
Page 121 and 122: educed mechanism has been implement
Page 123 and 124: Progress to date During the first t
Page 125 and 126: Basic analysis methods must be take
Page 127 and 128: parameters, relevant combustion con
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Page 131 and 132: Expected impact and exploitation A
Page 133 and 134: FBCOBIOW - Project. Expected impact
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Page 137: were run with some challenges conce
Page 141 and 142: Figure 1: The UPSWING process. Proj
Page 143 and 144: From left to right: The logging res
Page 145 and 146: Figure 1: General layout of an inci
Page 147 and 148: Exploitation The exploitation activ
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Page 151 and 152: The advantage of fly ash in concret
Page 153 and 154: Environment • reduce emissions of
Page 155 and 156: Progress to date All the design and
Page 157 and 158: Figure 1: Flow Chart. Moreover, the
Page 159 and 160: Project structure In order to devel
Page 161 and 162: Figure 1: Expansion process within
Page 163 and 164: No tar-contaminated wastewater •
Page 165 and 166: Figure 1: View of the CHP plant, Li
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Page 169 and 170: Progress to date Figure 1: Sustaina
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Page 173 and 174: Progress to date The delays of pres
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Page 181 and 182: Biomass bundling technology system.
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Page 185 and 186: Structure of the BioNorm project. E
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Expected impact and exploitation In
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Results The project has successfull
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Figure 1: Research Areas of WG1 and
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perception and image of bioenergy,
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to determining the consequences for
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EU Biomass Technology Pavilion in W
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for the transport sector, and you h
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husks. As this waste material is co
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Distribution of the various types o
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Expected impact and exploitation Wa
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This compilation of synopses covers
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European Bio-Energy Projects

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