European Bio-Energy Projects

More documents

Recommendations

Info

SUPER- HYDROGEN Objectives In the long-term hydrogen is expected to become an important fuel. In combination with fuel cells it offers the opportunity of an intrinsically clean energy supply. Sustainable hydrogen can be produced from biomass and waste by application of the so-called SuperCritical Water (SCW) gasification process. The main objective of this project is to develop the innovative SCW- gasification process for cost-effective (< 12 €/GJH2 ) conversion of wet biomass and waste into clean, renewable, compressed hydrogen (CH2 ) with an energy efficiency to pure hydrogen exceeding 60%. Integrated parts of the SCW process development are: • the development of a preparation method to convert wet feedstocks of different origin into a high-solids content (up to 30 wt%), pumpable slurry • the development of a multi-functional, catalytic, membrane reactor to convert CO and CH4 (>70% conversion) to hydrogen, and simultaneously separate the hydrogen (purity > 98 vol%) from the gas. Renewable hydrogen from biomass – Biomass and waste conversion in supercritical water Challenges In all EU-countries large amounts of wet biomass and waste streams (e.g. sewage sludge and vegetables-garden-fruit residues), are produced, and due to (new) environmental regulations, it becomes more and more difficult to dispose of these streams. Landfilling is expensive or even forbidden. Technologies able to convert these streams are scarce, expensive or only provide a partial solution. A relatively new approach to produce renewable hydrogen from wet biomass and waste is the application of the so-called SuperCritical Water (SCW) gasification process. Supercritical water conditions are achieved at T>374 °C and P > 22 MPa. The main advantages of this technology are: • suitable to convert very wet biomass (> 80wt% moisture) and waste streams • the produced gas is very clean, and free of tars and other contaminants • the raw gas is very rich in hydrogen (50 - 60 vol%) • the gas becomes available at high pressure, avoiding expensive compression (e.g. for storage) Scientific and technical challenges within the SuperHydrogen project are mainly related to feedstock preparation, SCW-process development and product upgrading. Feedstock preparation and pressurizing The SCW process is operated at 300 bar, and the feedstock needs to be pressurized. Pumping liquids is simple and pumps for liquid feedstocks are readily available. Pumping feedstocks containing solids is much more complex and very expensive. The objective is to develop a feedstock preparation method to convert feedstocks of different nature into a pumpable slurry. 76 SCW process development The use of supercritical water to produce hydrogen from biomass has been demonstrated, but a number of process-related problems need to be solved such as: • Design of the heat exchanger; heat integration is essential for the overall thermal efficiency of the process. • Fate of minerals; minerals are present in most feedstocks; however, the fate of minerals in the process is unclear. • High-pressure gas-liquid separator; the high pressure G/L separator is used to separate the product gas and the water. However, under the prevailing conditions (P = 300 bar) part of the gaseous product will remain in the water phase (e.g. CO2, NH3 , H2S, but also some H2 and CH4 ). The aim is to maximize the H2- production, but contaminants like NH3 and H2S should remain in the water phase. Absence of these contaminants avoids the need for downstream gas processing. Product upgrading The hydrogen content is limited by gas phase equilibrium reactions. In situ removal of H2 will shift the equilibrium towards H2 . The challenge is to develop a high-pressure, catalytic membrane reactor to maximise the hydrogen yield. A properly selected catalyst will be deposited inside the membrane to enhance the reforming of CH4 , and the water-gas-shift reaction.
Figure 1: Basic process flow diagram of the supercritical water gasification process. Project structure The project covers the whole SCW process-chain from wet bio-waste feedstocks to compressed hydrogen. It starts with a selection of suitable feedstocks in Europe, and ends with a demonstration of the complete chain from wet biomass to renewable hydrogen. In the first phase of the project the individual unit operations (feed preparation, scw-process, and product upgrading) will be further developed. However, to avoid sub-optimization of the unitoperations, an overall process model will be developed. This model will be used for the basic engineering of the process, and provide a rather accurate cost estimate of the whole process. In the last year of the project the unit operations will be combined, and operated simultaneously (see Figure 1). Consortium The project is a joint activity of 3 academic and 4 industrial organisations from 3 EU countries. Each main task is carried out by combination of a University/research institute and an industrial company, to ensure that in each individual task a good balance will be reached between fundamental knowledge and industrial practice. The industrial parties will take the lead in the exploitation of the technology. Expected impact and exploitation The project aims at the development of a novel process for the production of clean, compressed hydrogen from renewable resources (biomass and waste). Using renewable energy sources will as such contribute to an increase security and diversity of energy supply. The proposed technology can offer an end-solution for the conversion of wet feedstocks. For many industries the wet waste streams become increasingly difficult to dispose of in an environmentally sound way. Currently, high costs are associated with this, and the costs are increasing rapidly. The technology offers the possibility to produce clean hydrogen and concentrated CO2 from biomass and waste. The CO2 stream is also available at elevated pressure (> 150 bar), and offers good opportunities for sequestration. However, hydrogen –and probably in particular renewable hydrogen- is seen as an energy carrier for the long-term. The gas produced by the SCW process mainly contains H2 and CH4 , and after minor conditioning it might be very suitable as Substitute Natural Gas (SNG) The first applications of the SCW process are expected for the latter application. In transition phase, the applications will shift from SNG to H2 (see Figure 2). Progress to date Figure 2: Medium and longterm potential of the supercritical water gasification process. The project started in late 2001 with the development of the individual unit operations. The work on the feed preparation showed that with simple, conventional pretreatment techniques it seems possible to make a slurry with a solids content of about 20 wt%. A number of tests have been carried out in the SCW pilot plant yielding a gas rich in H2 and CH4 , but also large quantities of CO were observed. However, by changing the process conditions it is possible to remove nearly all CO avoiding the need for downstream CO conversion. The work on the upgrading reactor started with the preparation of different membrane samples, which will be tested with artificial gas. The focus now shifts to the simultaneous reforming of CH4 and H2 removal as CO conversion seems now less important. 77 INFORMATION References: ENK6-CT-2001-00555 Programme: FP5 - Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development (EESD) Title: Biomass and Waste Conversion in Supercritical Water for the Production of Renewable Hydrogen – SUPERHYDROGEN Duration: 60 months Contact point: Bert van de Beld BTG Biomass Technology Group Tel: +31-53-486-2288 Fax: +31-53-489-3116 Vandebeld@btgworld.com http://www.btgworld.com Partners: BTG Biomass Technology Group (NL) University of Twente (NL) Warwick University (UK) Dytech Corporation (UK) TNO-MEP (NL) Uhde High Pressure Technology (D) SPARQLE International (NL) EC Scientific Officer: Garbiñe Guiu Etxeberria Tel: +32-2-2990538 Fax: +32-2-2964288 garbine.guiu@cec.eu.int Status: Ongoing
Page 1 and 2:
PROJECT SYNOPSES European Bio-Energ
Page 3 and 4:
Interested in European research? RT
Page 5 and 6:
LEGAL NOTICE: Neither the European
Page 7 and 8:
Contents � Forestry - Energy Wood
Page 9 and 10:
- Studies of Fuel Blend Properties
Page 11 and 12:
Expected impact and exploitation Th
Page 13 and 14:
Results The main result of this pro
Page 15 and 16:
Furthermore, multifuelled tests of
Page 17 and 18:
Expected impact The integrated swee
Page 19 and 20:
Expected impact and exploitation We
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Figure 1: Enrichment and depletion
Page 25 and 26: Greece on environmental technologie
Page 27 and 28: Project structure. Progress to date
Page 29 and 30: Progress to date The process of the
Page 31 and 32: Construction Details of DEPR-Plant.
Page 33 and 34: The most important feature of the P
Page 35 and 36: At the moment the second stage of t
Page 37 and 38: Isometric view of Corby Mixed Bio-F
Page 39 and 40: meetings and discussions have taken
Page 41 and 42: RESHMENT - Process. Project structu
Page 43 and 44: Project structure The project is or
Page 45 and 46: Results of catalytic processes. Pro
Page 47 and 48: VTT’s Process Development Unit (P
Page 49 and 50: Expected impact and exploitation Th
Page 51 and 52: Project structure The project is im
Page 53 and 54: • syngas cooler; • baghouses fo
Page 55 and 56: Figure 1: Typical BIGCC process sch
Page 57 and 58: Bio oil is an easy-to-use liquid. B
Page 59 and 60: 3-D drawing of the envisaged pyroly
Page 61 and 62: Progress to date Project progress,
Page 63 and 64: Progress to date Both networks regu
Page 65 and 66: Finally, the project will contribut
Page 67 and 68: treatment dominate the cost structu
Page 69 and 70: Gasification product gas compositio
Page 71 and 72: Figure 1: Energy flows of the AER p
Page 73 and 74: • combustion of fuel gas in a tur
Page 75: Wood- Biomass- Bio-oil- Electricity
Page 79 and 80: Progress to date A lot of data must
Page 81 and 82: Figure 1: Deposites of crystalline
Page 83 and 84: Figure 1: Overview of biological wa
Page 85 and 86: Picture 1: Large-scale Digestor Set
Page 87 and 88: During the Demonstration part of th
Page 89 and 90: Expected impact and exploitation Ur
Page 91 and 92: Results Selective catalytic oxidati
Page 93 and 94: Expected impact and exploitation A
Page 95 and 96: • Rebuilding a carburettor and ex
Page 97 and 98: Expected results and exploitation p
Page 99 and 100: NOVEL CHP process. Results The deve
Page 101 and 102: TARGeT Process Scheme. New combusto
Page 103 and 104: Another important result from the p
Page 105 and 106: Results At the biennial meeting in
Page 107 and 108: BFB-Plant. Furthermore from tanned
Page 109 and 110: INTCON - Mainscreen. For this appli
Page 111 and 112: From this study it was observed tha
Page 113 and 114: Expected results As the project sta
Page 115 and 116: Figure 1: Hot water accumulator and
Page 117 and 118: Expected impact and exploitation In
Page 119 and 120: Clean Coal Pre--feasibility Study L
Page 121 and 122: educed mechanism has been implement
Page 123 and 124: Progress to date During the first t
Page 125 and 126: Basic analysis methods must be take
Page 127 and 128:
parameters, relevant combustion con
Page 129 and 130:
This proposal specifically addresse
Page 131 and 132:
Expected impact and exploitation A
Page 133 and 134:
FBCOBIOW - Project. Expected impact
Page 135 and 136:
The Hungarian participant will faci
Page 137 and 138:
were run with some challenges conce
Page 139 and 140:
Expected impact International and n
Page 141 and 142:
Figure 1: The UPSWING process. Proj
Page 143 and 144:
From left to right: The logging res
Page 145 and 146:
Figure 1: General layout of an inci
Page 147 and 148:
Exploitation The exploitation activ
Page 149 and 150:
Figure 1: Mesh for Two Stage Combus
Page 151 and 152:
The advantage of fly ash in concret
Page 153 and 154:
Environment • reduce emissions of
Page 155 and 156:
Progress to date All the design and
Page 157 and 158:
Figure 1: Flow Chart. Moreover, the
Page 159 and 160:
Project structure In order to devel
Page 161 and 162:
Figure 1: Expansion process within
Page 163 and 164:
No tar-contaminated wastewater •
Page 165 and 166:
Figure 1: View of the CHP plant, Li
Page 167 and 168:
ales will be tested with the new te
Page 169 and 170:
Progress to date Figure 1: Sustaina
Page 171 and 172:
Expected impact and exploitation It
Page 173 and 174:
Progress to date The delays of pres
Page 175 and 176:
Expected impact and exploitation On
Page 177 and 178:
Expected results and exploitation p
Page 179 and 180:
As a result of the new agricultural
Page 181 and 182:
Biomass bundling technology system.
Page 183 and 184:
Expected impact and exploitation Re
Page 185 and 186:
Structure of the BioNorm project. E
Page 187 and 188:
In the second activity, the results
Page 189 and 190:
Expected impact and exploitation In
Page 191 and 192:
Results The project has successfull
Page 193 and 194:
Figure 1: Research Areas of WG1 and
Page 195 and 196:
perception and image of bioenergy,
Page 197 and 198:
to determining the consequences for
Page 199 and 200:
EU Biomass Technology Pavilion in W
Page 201 and 202:
for the transport sector, and you h
Page 203 and 204:
husks. As this waste material is co
Page 205 and 206:
Distribution of the various types o
Page 207 and 208:
Expected impact and exploitation Wa
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211:
This compilation of synopses covers
show all

European Bio-Energy Projects

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?