European Bio-Energy Projects

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COMBIO Objectives The general aim of the project is to verify a new liquid biofuel chain for heat production and entry into the heating fuel market. Liquid biofuel will be produced from forestry residue by fast pyrolysis. The objectives are to solve technical problems related to the issue, and to address the principal economic uncertainties. These include generation of process performance data of pyrolysis oil production, defining preliminary fuel specifications, generating oil combustion data to develop a fuel with less emissions, improving fuel quality, and finally improving the economic competitiveness of the whole bioenergy chain. A new competitive liquid biofuel for heating Challenges The development work faces many challenges. Improving the economical competitiveness of the bioenergy chain and its components is one of the key factors involved in penetrating into the heating fuel market. The main competitors in the market are chips, pellets and light fuel oil. Fulfilling the specifications and needs required by users demands a clear vision of the future needs of the market. There are certain things to be done concerning the fuel itself. The first condition is that the fuel quality needs to be high. To date there has been no long-term experience with pyrolysis oil at the pilot and industrial scale due to a lack of sufficient quantities of suitable quality fuel. There are also questions to be solved concerning the fuel’s stability, acidity, and health/safety issues. It is crucial that the emissions are reduced to the minumum. Project structure A stage-wise approach for R&D work is being adopted. In general terms, the project includes pyrolysis oil production (large quantities), longterm utilisation tests, determination of fuel specifications, oil quality improvement, and verification of the whole concept from biomass to pyrolysis oil use. Stage 1 First, the issues common to potential applications (replacing heavy and light fuel oil in boilers) are addressed and the entire utilisation chain is verified with the technically least demanding 46 alternative. The common issues include fuel harvesting, conversion, storage, transportation and use. The first stage is to verify a continuous pilot-scale production of pyrolysis oil, followed by industrial scale use in a boiler. Individual topics in the chain cannot be optimised separately but, due to interaction between stages, the chain has to be considered as a whole. Stage 2 For replacement of heavy fuel oil in large boilers and light fuel oil in intermediate and small boilers, specifications for pyrolysis oil will be defined. Feedback from utilisation tests will be used. Utilisation tests include long-term combustion tests of biofuel from laboratory scale to industrial scale. The aim is to generate fundamental pyrolysis oil combustion data to help develop higher quality fuels with less emissions, easy ignition and high stability. Stage 3 While the pyrolysis oil production and use is being implemented and developed, work on oil quality improvement can be started in a PDU (Process Development Unit) and at laboratory scale. Pyrolysis oil quality is improved to increase potential user applications from medium to small boilers, CHP and eventually to power production. Use of emulsions and hot vapour filtration are seen as a means of reducing cost and lowering emissions in utilisation. Data and feedback received from combustion tests will be used in this work.
VTT’s Process Development Unit (PDU). Stage 4 The complete pyrolysis oil utilisation chain will be assessed on a technical and economic basis. Two country specific case studies (Finland and Italy) will be prepared, illustrating two applications for pyrolysis oil. Detailed cost and performace analysis will be carried out, including estimates of emissions. Cases have been selected to represent different applications in order to expand pyrolysis oil utilisation. The objective of this task is to provide concrete information about the exploitation possibilities and market application of the proposed technologies. Experimental results from other work done in the project will provide a basis for analysis along with other published data available. To implement the work planned, there are seven partners from three European countries: VTT Processes (Finland), Fortum Oil and Gas Oy (Finland), Fortum Värme (Sweden), Istituto Motori (Italy), CSGI (Italy), ETA (Italy) and Vapo Oy (Finland). Basically, the companies involved in the project have plans to use and produce pyrolysis oil, while the R&D organisations are striving to improve the process and fuel quality. Expected impact and exploitation The pyrolysis process is able to produce high yields of liquid product which can be shipped, stored and utilised more economically than solid fuels on the small to medium-sized scale. Another significant advantage is that pyrolysis oil provides an opportunity to bring renewable energy into cities. It is simple and easy to use, and emissions are low (CO2-neutral). Also, the technical and economical attractiveness of transportation promotes any future use. Pyrolysis oil is a highefficiency renewable liquid energy which can even be transported over long distances. If the development work is successful, the application may become industrially significant in Europe in the next few years. The first possible market area for pyrolysis oil is estimated to be the northern parts of Europe which includes Finland, Sweden and the Baltic region. Expansion to central Europe and beyond is also in sight. Progress to date Forestera - driving forces. The project started at the beginning of 2003. The first six months have included feedstock delivery and pyrolysis oil production. This has been followed by medium boiler tests. Preliminary emulsification experiments with typical quality pine saw dust pyrolysis oil (pyrolysis oil emulsion behaviour characterisation) have been started in which two oils are handled. In addition, work on fuel specifications and case studies are ongoing. The project website will go on-line during the first year. 47 INFORMATION References: ENK6-CT-2002-00690 Programme: FP5 - Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development Title: A new Competitive Liquid Biofuel for Heating – COMBIO Duration: 36 months Contact point: Yrjo Solantausta VTT Processes Tel: +358-9-4565517 Fax: +358-9-460493 yrjo.solantausta@vtt.fi Partners: VTT Processes (FIN) CHR-National Research Council of Italy (I) Eta - Energia, Trasporti, Agricoltura (I) Fortum Oil and Gas (FIN) Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (I) Birka Vaerme (S) Vapo (FIN) EC Scientific Officer: Garbiñe Guiu Etxeberria Tel: +32-2-2990538 Fax: +32-2-2993694 garbine.guiu@cec.eu.int Status: Ongoing
Page 1 and 2: PROJECT SYNOPSES European Bio-Energ
Page 3 and 4: Interested in European research? RT
Page 5 and 6: LEGAL NOTICE: Neither the European
Page 7 and 8: Contents � Forestry - Energy Wood
Page 9 and 10: - Studies of Fuel Blend Properties
Page 11 and 12: Expected impact and exploitation Th
Page 13 and 14: Results The main result of this pro
Page 15 and 16: Furthermore, multifuelled tests of
Page 17 and 18: Expected impact The integrated swee
Page 19 and 20: Expected impact and exploitation We
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1: Enrichment and depletion
Page 25 and 26: Greece on environmental technologie
Page 27 and 28: Project structure. Progress to date
Page 29 and 30: Progress to date The process of the
Page 31 and 32: Construction Details of DEPR-Plant.
Page 33 and 34: The most important feature of the P
Page 35 and 36: At the moment the second stage of t
Page 37 and 38: Isometric view of Corby Mixed Bio-F
Page 39 and 40: meetings and discussions have taken
Page 41 and 42: RESHMENT - Process. Project structu
Page 43 and 44: Project structure The project is or
Page 45: Results of catalytic processes. Pro
Page 51 and 52: Project structure The project is im
Page 53 and 54: • syngas cooler; • baghouses fo
Page 55 and 56: Figure 1: Typical BIGCC process sch
Page 57 and 58: Bio oil is an easy-to-use liquid. B
Page 59 and 60: 3-D drawing of the envisaged pyroly
Page 61 and 62: Progress to date Project progress,
Page 63 and 64: Progress to date Both networks regu
Page 65 and 66: Finally, the project will contribut
Page 67 and 68: treatment dominate the cost structu
Page 69 and 70: Gasification product gas compositio
Page 71 and 72: Figure 1: Energy flows of the AER p
Page 73 and 74: • combustion of fuel gas in a tur
Page 75 and 76: Wood- Biomass- Bio-oil- Electricity
Page 77 and 78: Figure 1: Basic process flow diagra
Page 79 and 80: Progress to date A lot of data must
Page 81 and 82: Figure 1: Deposites of crystalline
Page 83 and 84: Figure 1: Overview of biological wa
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Page 87 and 88: During the Demonstration part of th
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Page 91 and 92: Results Selective catalytic oxidati
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Expected results and exploitation p
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NOVEL CHP process. Results The deve
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TARGeT Process Scheme. New combusto
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Another important result from the p
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Results At the biennial meeting in
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BFB-Plant. Furthermore from tanned
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INTCON - Mainscreen. For this appli
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From this study it was observed tha
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Expected results As the project sta
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Figure 1: Hot water accumulator and
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Expected impact and exploitation In
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Clean Coal Pre--feasibility Study L
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educed mechanism has been implement
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Progress to date During the first t
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Basic analysis methods must be take
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parameters, relevant combustion con
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This proposal specifically addresse
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Expected impact and exploitation A
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FBCOBIOW - Project. Expected impact
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The Hungarian participant will faci
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were run with some challenges conce
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Expected impact International and n
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Figure 1: The UPSWING process. Proj
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From left to right: The logging res
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Figure 1: General layout of an inci
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Exploitation The exploitation activ
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Figure 1: Mesh for Two Stage Combus
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The advantage of fly ash in concret
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Environment • reduce emissions of
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Progress to date All the design and
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Figure 1: Flow Chart. Moreover, the
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Project structure In order to devel
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Figure 1: Expansion process within
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No tar-contaminated wastewater •
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Figure 1: View of the CHP plant, Li
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ales will be tested with the new te
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Progress to date Figure 1: Sustaina
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Expected impact and exploitation It
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Progress to date The delays of pres
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Expected impact and exploitation On
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Expected results and exploitation p
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As a result of the new agricultural
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Biomass bundling technology system.
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Expected impact and exploitation Re
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Structure of the BioNorm project. E
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In the second activity, the results
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Expected impact and exploitation In
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Results The project has successfull
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Figure 1: Research Areas of WG1 and
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perception and image of bioenergy,
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to determining the consequences for
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EU Biomass Technology Pavilion in W
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for the transport sector, and you h
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husks. As this waste material is co
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Distribution of the various types o
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Expected impact and exploitation Wa
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Expected impact and exploitation Th
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