European Bio-Energy Projects

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NOVACAT Objectives This project is focused on the key question of the development of efficient power and heat production processes based on gasification. The main objective was tar decomposition from gasification gas with two novel catalytic processes in order to produce clean gas for direct engine or turbine applications. The aim was to develop compact, simple and robust equipment to obtain complete conversion of tars so as to avoid problems in the downstream equipment, reduce environmental impact and to have an acceptable investment cost. Green power by lower cost and lower emissions Challenges The successful implementation of biomass and waste gasification for power production depends on the availability of low-cost, simple, reliable and high-performance gas cleaning systems. The present solutions for gas cleaning do not fulfil these conditions. Project structure The work in this project concentrated on the development of two novel catalytic tar decomposition processes: 1) a catalytic filter and 2) a gas reformer based on nickel monolith catalyst. The tasks of the project were: • Catalytic filter development and testing with simulated and real gases, • Optimisation of the catalytic gas cleaning process in connection to a fluidised-bed gasifier, • Long term testing of nickel monoliths in a slip stream of an industrial biomass gasifier, • Pilot-scale tests to optimise the complete gas cleaning train for modern turbo-charged IC engines, • Techno-economic studies for both catalytic gas cleaning systems developed in the project. This project was executed by a group of three experienced laboratories (VTT, VUB and UCM), one manufacturer of fixed-bed gasifiers and gas cleaning equipment (Condens Oy), and two Italian SME’s (Maridiana and Sereco Biotest) representing an agricultural/agro-industrial southern European region. Here there is a great potential and need for the developed gasification technologies. 98 Expected impact and exploitation The objectives of this project match the EC Renewable Energy Technologies (RET) policy with an important contribution of biomass. This requires biomass gasification systems to be reliable and simple, and hence contain compact, low cost but high performance gas cleaning, which fulfils all environmental requirements. The two proposed gas cleaning technologies can make biomass energy systems more attractive, leading to widespread use of such systems with benefits in terms of employment and emissions. Given the required development effort still needed, support by the EC of a multinational team was justified. The results of this project are of utmost importance considering the commercialisation of power production by gasification procesesses. As a direct follow up from this project, Condens Oy has been able to commercialise the NOVEL CHP process. This makes the NOVEL process a real success story of Commission-funded applied research, due to the fact that the process development has taken place essentially in two successive EU-funded projects.
NOVEL CHP process. Results The development of the catalytic filter included testing and optimisation of catalyst formulations with simulated and real gases. Novel modified nickel-activated alumina filter substrates were developed, prepared and screened. Improvement in the resistance to deactivation by sulphur compounds in biomass gasification was one of the main objectives and achievements of the work. Valuable information about catalyst improvement techniques was obtained. The catalytic filter was also tested with real gases and promising results were achieved. Preparation procedures for largescale candle filters were also developed. The long-term testing of the nickel monolith was performed with a slipstream apparatus that was connected to a CFB gasifier. The total test length was 2 267 h. The main conclusions of the long-term test were: 1) the nickel monolith catalyst activity remained at a high level during the test, 2) it is probable that the catalyst will remain active for longer periods of time, 3) tar conversion after the test was 92% and ammonia conversion 70 % at the 900 °C operation temperature, 4) fouling or clogging of the monolith by carbon did not occur. The technical feasibility of the monolith-based concept was demonstrated by performing a pilotscale test run with a process consisting of a NOVEL fixed bed gasifier, a catalytic reformer followed by a filter and gas scrubber/cooler. The gas produced had very low tar (< 100 mg/Nm3), ammonia (< 50 ppm) and particle (< 5 mg/ Nm3) contents and it can be considered Catalytic filter. The slipstream catalyst testing unit. suitable for use in modern turbo charged engines. Optimised operation conditions were found for the nickel monolith and the effects of the main process variables were studied. These included temperature, gas residence time, partitioning of the air feeding, gas H2O/C* ratio and gas superficial velocity. This work also included screening of limiting operation conditions as well as studies on the effects of process starting and shutting down procedures. The technical and economical evaluation of the NOVEL CHP process gave very positive results considering the promotion of the plant. The rather interesting aspects are the reduced size of the plant, the continuous operational system and the capability of gasifying various types of biomass, without endangering the performance of the gas engine. With these characteristics the diffusion of the technology might be successful, especiallyin the present European market conditions. 99 INFORMATION References: ENK5-CT-2000-00305 Programme: FP5 - Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development Title: Tar Decomposition by Novel Catalytic Hot Gas Cleaning Methods – NOVACAT Duration: 27 months Contact point: Pekka Simell VTT Processes Tel: +358-9-4565461 Fax: +358-9-460493 pekka.simell@vtt.fi Partners: VTT (FIN) Universidad Complutense de Madrid (E) Vrije Universiteit Brussel (B) Sereco Biotest (I) Maridiana (I) Condens (FIN) EC Scientific Officer: Garbiñe Guiu Etxeberria Tel: +32-2-2990538 Fax: +32-2-2993694 garbine.guiu@cec.eu.int Status: Ongoing
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PROJECT SYNOPSES European Bio-Energ
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Interested in European research? RT
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LEGAL NOTICE: Neither the European
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Contents � Forestry - Energy Wood
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- Studies of Fuel Blend Properties
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Expected impact and exploitation Th
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Results The main result of this pro
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Furthermore, multifuelled tests of
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Expected impact The integrated swee
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Expected impact and exploitation We
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Figure 1: Enrichment and depletion
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Greece on environmental technologie
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Project structure. Progress to date
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Progress to date The process of the
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Construction Details of DEPR-Plant.
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The most important feature of the P
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At the moment the second stage of t
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Isometric view of Corby Mixed Bio-F
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meetings and discussions have taken
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RESHMENT - Process. Project structu
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Project structure The project is or
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Results of catalytic processes. Pro
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Page 51 and 52: Project structure The project is im
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Page 57 and 58: Bio oil is an easy-to-use liquid. B
Page 59 and 60: 3-D drawing of the envisaged pyroly
Page 61 and 62: Progress to date Project progress,
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Page 69 and 70: Gasification product gas compositio
Page 71 and 72: Figure 1: Energy flows of the AER p
Page 73 and 74: • combustion of fuel gas in a tur
Page 75 and 76: Wood- Biomass- Bio-oil- Electricity
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Page 79 and 80: Progress to date A lot of data must
Page 81 and 82: Figure 1: Deposites of crystalline
Page 83 and 84: Figure 1: Overview of biological wa
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Page 91 and 92: Results Selective catalytic oxidati
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Page 95 and 96: • Rebuilding a carburettor and ex
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Page 105 and 106: Results At the biennial meeting in
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Page 109 and 110: INTCON - Mainscreen. For this appli
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Page 119 and 120: Clean Coal Pre--feasibility Study L
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Page 141 and 142: Figure 1: The UPSWING process. Proj
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Page 147 and 148: Exploitation The exploitation activ
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Figure 1: Mesh for Two Stage Combus
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The advantage of fly ash in concret
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Environment • reduce emissions of
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Progress to date All the design and
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Figure 1: Flow Chart. Moreover, the
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Project structure In order to devel
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Figure 1: Expansion process within
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No tar-contaminated wastewater •
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Figure 1: View of the CHP plant, Li
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ales will be tested with the new te
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Progress to date Figure 1: Sustaina
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Expected impact and exploitation It
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Progress to date The delays of pres
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Expected impact and exploitation On
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Expected results and exploitation p
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As a result of the new agricultural
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Biomass bundling technology system.
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Expected impact and exploitation Re
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Structure of the BioNorm project. E
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In the second activity, the results
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Expected impact and exploitation In
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Results The project has successfull
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Figure 1: Research Areas of WG1 and
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perception and image of bioenergy,
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to determining the consequences for
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EU Biomass Technology Pavilion in W
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for the transport sector, and you h
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husks. As this waste material is co
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Distribution of the various types o
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Expected impact and exploitation Wa
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