European Bio-Energy Projects

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CLEAN ENERGY Objectives There is a very strong interest worldwide in the development of technologies that allow the coupling of biomass gasification and fuel cell systems to have high-energy efficiency, ultra-clean environmental performance and near-zero greenhouse gas emissions. In this field numerous RTD programs are in progress in U.S.A. and other countries; this project is addressed at strengthening the co-operation among member States of EU, to maintain competitiveness in the global market. The technical programme is aimed at demonstrating the industrial feasibility of the integration of biomass steamgasification with a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) for clean and renewable power generation. Achieving the above objectives involves the assembly and operation of an integrated pilot plant that includes: a 500 kWth gasifier, a hot gas clean-up system and a 125 kWe MCFC, as well as an ancillary work programme focused on key areas of direct relevance to the optimisation of the plant performance. Progress in coupling biomass gasification and MCFC stack Challenges To improve the efficiency of Biomass Gasification and Fuel Cell coupling. To prove the technical feasibility of this integration by operating a pilot plant which includes: • a 500 kWth fast internally circulating fluidised bed (FICFB) gasifier for catalytic biomass steam-gasification, with ancillary units; •a gas clean-up system for sulphur and chlorine compounds removal by adsorption on a basic powder, and ceramic candle fine particle filtration; • a 125 kWe MCFC. To carry out accompanying research activities in selected key areas which includes: • cold modelling studies of the fluid-dynamic behaviour of the gasifier in the presence of power load changes at the fuel cell • development of a comprehensive model for the gasifier, which combines overall reaction kinetics and heat transfer processes with fluidisation dynamics. • detailed simulation of the whole system and its components to develop optimal operation and control strategies. • catalyst upgrading, characterisation and testing over a wide range of operating conditions. To estimate investment and operating costs. Project structure The Consortium is composed of universities, industries and a national research agency. The University of L’Aquila (Italy), project co-ordinator, is involved in tasks related to the engineering of the integrated pilot plant and lab tests of catalytic steam gasification. The Technical University of Vienna (Austria) studies the system simulation 68 and performs gasification tests in its 100 kW th facility. The University College of London (United Kingdom) is involved in CFD comprehensive modelling of the fluidised bed gasifier and cold model tests. The University of Strasbourg (France) optimises the preparation of a purposely developed Ni/olivine catalyst and provides it for tests at process conditions. The companies are Ansaldo Ricerche S.r.l (Italy) and Pall - Schumacher GmbH (Germany) involved in the Hot Gas Clean-Up System (dechlorination reactor, cyclone and ceramic candle filter) and Ansaldo Fuel Cell S.p.A. (Italy) which provides the MCFC stack and designs the fuel cell BoP. The Italian National Research Agency ENEA assembles and operates the integrated pilot plant. Expected impact and exploitation Biomass-to-electricity systems based on gasification have a number of potential advantages. Projected process efficiencies are much higher than direct combustion systems. Process efficiencies are comparable to high efficiency coal-based systems, but can be achieved at a smaller scale of operation. Thus, not only does biomass close the carbon cycle, but gasification based systems, due to their high efficiency, reduce CO2 emissions per megawatt of power generated over conventional biomass power plants. Fuel cells hold great promise for both stationary and mobile electric power applications. The energy efficiency of these systems has been projected to approach 55% or even higher if cogeneration opportunities can be utilised. MCFC is a leading candidate for integration into advanced power
Gasification product gas composition during extended operation. cycles with gasification, because it operates at a temperature close to that of biomass gasification and up-to-date hot gas clean-up technologies. In addition MCFC is able to convert CO via an internal water gas shift reaction. In conclusion, integrated biomass gasificationfuel cell power systems offer an attractive combination of high energy efficiency, ultra-low environmental emissions, and near zero net greenhouse gas emissions, particularly for distributed power applications, given that with these systems high efficiency is possible even in low capacity units. Progress to date The activities developed regarding the existing gasifier have been: Pilot plant modifications and experimental runs which check and verify the values of the operating parameters and the fuel gas properties and composition, the site layout (to allow pilot plant extension), and the commissioning and construction of the steelwork structure needed to assemble the hot gas clean-up section. Regarding the new section of the pilot plant, the detailed design of the different components of the hot gas clean up system has been completed. The construction and assembling activities are in progress, and in the next phase the absorption reactor, the cyclone and the filter will be mounted and operated. The design of the MCFC system has been completed and almost all the components of the fuel cell stack have been bought and the fuel cell stack construction is expected in the next phase. The work programme accompanying the pilot plant Integrated gasification – fuel cell pilot plant located in Trisaia (Italy). design, construction and operation includes the following activities to be carried out: the facility available for cold modelling experimental studies of the fluid-dynamic behaviour of the gasifier in the presence of power load changes at the fuel cell has been refurbished and adapted to simulate different operating conditions of the gasifier; development of a comprehensive model for the gasification section of the FICFB reactor, combining overall reaction kinetics and heat transfer processes with fluidisation dynamics; the kinetic model to be implemented in the computer code has been chosen, and this (a commercially available CFD code) has been adapted to impose boundary conditions compatible with the geometrical structure of the gasification chamber; detailed simulations of the whole system and its components; improvement and optimisation of the preparation procedure of the Ni/Olivine catalyst, to achieve the optimum quantity of Nickel deposited and linked to the olivine structure; study of the reforming of tars, methane and the catalyst deactivation by coke deposition; preparation of a large quantity of Ni/Olivine catalyst (260 kg); catalytic gasification tests in bench and pilot scale facilities, which produced satisfactory results regarding the fuel gas quality (high hydrogen and low tar content), the Ni/Olivine activity as a function of running time, the low level of coke deposition on the particle surface and the resistance of catalyst particle to mechanical stresses. 69 INFORMATION References: ENK5-CT-2000-00314 Programme: FP5 - Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development Title: Biomass-Gasification and Fuel-Cell Coupling via High-Temperature Gas Clean-up for Decentralised Electricity Generation with Improved Efficiency – CLEAN ENERGY Duration: 36 months Contact point: Antonio Germanà Universita degli Studi di L’Aquila (I) Tel: +39-0862-414214 Fax: +39-0862-434203 germana@ing.univaq.it Partners: Universita degli Studi di L’Aquila (I) TU Wien (A) University College London (UK) Université Louis Pasteur (F) Ansaldo Ricerche (I) Schumacher Umwelt- und Trenntechnik (D) ENEA (I) Ansaldo Fuel Cells SpA (I) EC Scientific Officer: Garbiñe Guiu Etxeberria Tel: +32-2-2990538 Fax: +32-2-2993694 garbine.guiu@cec.eu.int Status: Ongoing
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PROJECT SYNOPSES European Bio-Energ
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Interested in European research? RT
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LEGAL NOTICE: Neither the European
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Contents � Forestry - Energy Wood
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- Studies of Fuel Blend Properties
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Expected impact and exploitation Th
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Results The main result of this pro
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Furthermore, multifuelled tests of
Page 17 and 18: Expected impact The integrated swee
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Page 23 and 24: Figure 1: Enrichment and depletion
Page 25 and 26: Greece on environmental technologie
Page 27 and 28: Project structure. Progress to date
Page 29 and 30: Progress to date The process of the
Page 31 and 32: Construction Details of DEPR-Plant.
Page 33 and 34: The most important feature of the P
Page 35 and 36: At the moment the second stage of t
Page 37 and 38: Isometric view of Corby Mixed Bio-F
Page 39 and 40: meetings and discussions have taken
Page 41 and 42: RESHMENT - Process. Project structu
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Page 45 and 46: Results of catalytic processes. Pro
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Page 51 and 52: Project structure The project is im
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Page 55 and 56: Figure 1: Typical BIGCC process sch
Page 57 and 58: Bio oil is an easy-to-use liquid. B
Page 59 and 60: 3-D drawing of the envisaged pyroly
Page 61 and 62: Progress to date Project progress,
Page 63 and 64: Progress to date Both networks regu
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Page 67: treatment dominate the cost structu
Page 71 and 72: Figure 1: Energy flows of the AER p
Page 73 and 74: • combustion of fuel gas in a tur
Page 75 and 76: Wood- Biomass- Bio-oil- Electricity
Page 77 and 78: Figure 1: Basic process flow diagra
Page 79 and 80: Progress to date A lot of data must
Page 81 and 82: Figure 1: Deposites of crystalline
Page 83 and 84: Figure 1: Overview of biological wa
Page 85 and 86: Picture 1: Large-scale Digestor Set
Page 87 and 88: During the Demonstration part of th
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Page 91 and 92: Results Selective catalytic oxidati
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Page 95 and 96: • Rebuilding a carburettor and ex
Page 97 and 98: Expected results and exploitation p
Page 99 and 100: NOVEL CHP process. Results The deve
Page 101 and 102: TARGeT Process Scheme. New combusto
Page 103 and 104: Another important result from the p
Page 105 and 106: Results At the biennial meeting in
Page 107 and 108: BFB-Plant. Furthermore from tanned
Page 109 and 110: INTCON - Mainscreen. For this appli
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Page 113 and 114: Expected results As the project sta
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Clean Coal Pre--feasibility Study L
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educed mechanism has been implement
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Progress to date During the first t
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Basic analysis methods must be take
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parameters, relevant combustion con
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This proposal specifically addresse
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Expected impact and exploitation A
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FBCOBIOW - Project. Expected impact
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The Hungarian participant will faci
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were run with some challenges conce
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Expected impact International and n
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Figure 1: The UPSWING process. Proj
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From left to right: The logging res
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Figure 1: General layout of an inci
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Exploitation The exploitation activ
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Figure 1: Mesh for Two Stage Combus
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The advantage of fly ash in concret
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Environment • reduce emissions of
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Progress to date All the design and
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Figure 1: Flow Chart. Moreover, the
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Project structure In order to devel
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Figure 1: Expansion process within
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No tar-contaminated wastewater •
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Figure 1: View of the CHP plant, Li
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ales will be tested with the new te
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Progress to date Figure 1: Sustaina
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Expected impact and exploitation It
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Progress to date The delays of pres
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Expected impact and exploitation On
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Expected results and exploitation p
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As a result of the new agricultural
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Biomass bundling technology system.
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Expected impact and exploitation Re
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Structure of the BioNorm project. E
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In the second activity, the results
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Expected impact and exploitation In
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Results The project has successfull
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Figure 1: Research Areas of WG1 and
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perception and image of bioenergy,
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to determining the consequences for
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EU Biomass Technology Pavilion in W
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for the transport sector, and you h
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husks. As this waste material is co
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Distribution of the various types o
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Expected impact and exploitation Wa
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Expected impact and exploitation Th
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This compilation of synopses covers
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European Bio-Energy Projects

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