European Bio-Energy Projects

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3A-BIOGAS Objectives The project aims to develop the 3A process to prototype size and the series production of a modular batch system for dry fermentation with percolation (DM 30-70%) in the smaller capacity range. The batch system provides three process phases (aerobic; anaerobic; aerobic = 3A) in one reactor. Adequate pore volumes of the organic input substrate and the proper use of closed-circuit process water avoids wastewater and enables 3A-biogas to work without material conveyance during the whole process. The main advantage of the 3A-biogas process is the production of biogas during the second phase. Sanitation takes place within the first step, while maturation of the end product is reached at the third step. Top-quality compost for soil improvement and fertilisation is the valuable end product. An optimised low-cost control system guarantees process stability. Three-step fermentation of solid state biowaste for biogas production and sanitation Challenges Energy has to be added to the process (moving the material) for treating organic substrates in normal aerobic composting plants. On the other hand, it is not possible to use the accruing energy in any way. High volumes of water are necessary for treatment in conventional anaerobic liquid biogas plants, and subsequently this remains as wastewater. As a consequence, in relation to the quantities of feed material, high plant and process energy costs are incurred for material conveyance and maintaining temperatures. The 3A-biogas process aims to combine the positive aspects (producing biogas and topquality compost directly from solid state input material) of these two possible treatments and to avoid the disadvantages. Project structure The project consortium consists of six small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and three research and technology developers (RTD). This combination allows for the market-orientated research and development of the 3A-process. In a first step, the participating SME partners set up end-user requirements for the possible implementation of the technology at the end of the project. Conclusions have been drawn for the development of the process. The optimised process will be developed using the experience of the partners and a detailed work distribution. For this purpose, intensive investigation on substrate composition, sanitation requirements, 82 and cause-effects of the key parameters will be carried out in close co-operation with SMEs and RTDs. Furthermore, a simulation tool will be developed. Approaching the detailed planning and an operating control system, two prototype units will be manufactured. During the project’s second year, the 3A-biogas prototypes will be tested at two project partner sites in Austria and Spain. In addition, a socio-economic assessment, dissemination, and preparation for exploitation are integrated parts of the project. Expected impact and exploitation 3A-biogas mainly addresses the communal and agricultural waste-treatment industry where both biodegradable wastes and organic residues are available for the production of biogas. Often, conventional liquid biogas plants are already set up with an existing utilisation for the biogas produced. The additional installation of a 3A-biogas system as a second treatment line for dry input substrates will lead to several synergies for end-users, and optimal completion. The potential for biogas plants in the agriculture and food sector, for example in Germany, was estimated by Weiland to be 30,000 – 40,000 plants in total with an annual increase of 150-200. In the year 2000, just 1,000 plants had been installed, although their number is increasing significantly. The estimated potential of energy produced is 753 PJ on the basis of biogas for all EU Member States. Only a small amount of this potential is currently being used.
Figure 1: Overview of biological wastes treatment processes and classification of 3A-biogas. A considerable fraction of today’s unused potential will match the advantages of 3A-biogas. Spain, as well as the Eastern European countries, can be regarded as promising future markets for biogas plants because of the structure of their agriculture and food industries and the country’s need to redevelop the environmental situation. 3A-biogas plants will be able to work as financially viable in small- to medium-scale applications up to 3,000 m3/a. Potential customers include the agro- and food sectors, the MSW industry, and the biowaste treatment sector. Progress to date The requirements of potential operators of 3A-biogas plants have to be investigated and the system has to be designed according to the results obtained. To find the information required, a questionnaire was created, and the end-users were asked to fill in their requirements on the system. The system design for the prototype units will be developed according to the information gathered. At the moment, a control system which observes the whole 3A process is being developed and checked by a simulation program. Figure 2: Methane production and temperature development for 3A-biogas process. To gather general information about the location of the two planned prototype units, the operator of biogas and composting plants were asked to give details concerning their input materials and processing facilities currently in use. Taking this data into consideration, a preliminary selection was made of the substrates which should be used in the testing phase. Different mixtures of these selected materials and structure material are currently being tested in laboratory-scale tests in Germany. An example of the temperature curve achieved and the biogas yield is given in Figure 2. Based on the results of the laboratory tests, such as on the methane yield or the pH behaviour, the final decision will be made on the material for the testing phase. Furthermore, intensive investigations concerning the sanitation standards and requirements in the different Member States and in the EU were realised. The results of this investigation are the minimum sanitation requirements of the final product. First analyses specified the critical control points of the process. 83 INFORMATION References: ENK6-CT-2002-30026 Programme: FP5 - Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development Title: Three Step Fermentation of Solid State Biowaste for Biogas Production and Sanitation – 3A-BIOGAS Duration: 24 months Contact point: Horst Müller Müller Abfallprojekte GmbH Tel: +43-7732-20910 Fax: +43-773-209144 office@tb-mueller.at Partners: Müller Abfallprojekte (A) M. Sirch (D) Biomasa del Guadalquivir (E) Beta Nutror (E) Hebio Eduard Hiptmair (A) Inecosa Ingeniería, Estudios y Construcciones (E) Profactor (A) S.I.G. (D) Universidad de Léon, Instituto de Recursos Naturales (E) Website: http://www.3A-biogas.com EC Scientic Officer: Jeroen Schuppers Tel: +32-2-2957006 Fax: +32-2-2993694 jeroen.schuppers@cec.eu.int Status: Ongoing Figure 3: Biowaste.
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PROJECT SYNOPSES European Bio-Energ
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Interested in European research? RT
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LEGAL NOTICE: Neither the European
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Contents � Forestry - Energy Wood
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- Studies of Fuel Blend Properties
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Expected impact and exploitation Th
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Results The main result of this pro
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Furthermore, multifuelled tests of
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Expected impact The integrated swee
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Expected impact and exploitation We
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Figure 1: Enrichment and depletion
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Greece on environmental technologie
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Project structure. Progress to date
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Progress to date The process of the
Page 31 and 32: Construction Details of DEPR-Plant.
Page 33 and 34: The most important feature of the P
Page 35 and 36: At the moment the second stage of t
Page 37 and 38: Isometric view of Corby Mixed Bio-F
Page 39 and 40: meetings and discussions have taken
Page 41 and 42: RESHMENT - Process. Project structu
Page 43 and 44: Project structure The project is or
Page 45 and 46: Results of catalytic processes. Pro
Page 47 and 48: VTT’s Process Development Unit (P
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Page 51 and 52: Project structure The project is im
Page 53 and 54: • syngas cooler; • baghouses fo
Page 55 and 56: Figure 1: Typical BIGCC process sch
Page 57 and 58: Bio oil is an easy-to-use liquid. B
Page 59 and 60: 3-D drawing of the envisaged pyroly
Page 61 and 62: Progress to date Project progress,
Page 63 and 64: Progress to date Both networks regu
Page 65 and 66: Finally, the project will contribut
Page 67 and 68: treatment dominate the cost structu
Page 69 and 70: Gasification product gas compositio
Page 71 and 72: Figure 1: Energy flows of the AER p
Page 73 and 74: • combustion of fuel gas in a tur
Page 75 and 76: Wood- Biomass- Bio-oil- Electricity
Page 77 and 78: Figure 1: Basic process flow diagra
Page 79 and 80: Progress to date A lot of data must
Page 81: Figure 1: Deposites of crystalline
Page 85 and 86: Picture 1: Large-scale Digestor Set
Page 87 and 88: During the Demonstration part of th
Page 89 and 90: Expected impact and exploitation Ur
Page 91 and 92: Results Selective catalytic oxidati
Page 93 and 94: Expected impact and exploitation A
Page 95 and 96: • Rebuilding a carburettor and ex
Page 97 and 98: Expected results and exploitation p
Page 99 and 100: NOVEL CHP process. Results The deve
Page 101 and 102: TARGeT Process Scheme. New combusto
Page 103 and 104: Another important result from the p
Page 105 and 106: Results At the biennial meeting in
Page 107 and 108: BFB-Plant. Furthermore from tanned
Page 109 and 110: INTCON - Mainscreen. For this appli
Page 111 and 112: From this study it was observed tha
Page 113 and 114: Expected results As the project sta
Page 115 and 116: Figure 1: Hot water accumulator and
Page 117 and 118: Expected impact and exploitation In
Page 119 and 120: Clean Coal Pre--feasibility Study L
Page 121 and 122: educed mechanism has been implement
Page 123 and 124: Progress to date During the first t
Page 125 and 126: Basic analysis methods must be take
Page 127 and 128: parameters, relevant combustion con
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Page 131 and 132: Expected impact and exploitation A
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FBCOBIOW - Project. Expected impact
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The Hungarian participant will faci
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were run with some challenges conce
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Expected impact International and n
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Figure 1: The UPSWING process. Proj
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From left to right: The logging res
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Figure 1: General layout of an inci
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Exploitation The exploitation activ
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Figure 1: Mesh for Two Stage Combus
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The advantage of fly ash in concret
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Environment • reduce emissions of
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Progress to date All the design and
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Figure 1: Flow Chart. Moreover, the
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Project structure In order to devel
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Figure 1: Expansion process within
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No tar-contaminated wastewater •
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Figure 1: View of the CHP plant, Li
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ales will be tested with the new te
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Progress to date Figure 1: Sustaina
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Expected impact and exploitation It
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Progress to date The delays of pres
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Expected impact and exploitation On
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Expected results and exploitation p
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As a result of the new agricultural
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Biomass bundling technology system.
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Expected impact and exploitation Re
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Structure of the BioNorm project. E
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In the second activity, the results
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Expected impact and exploitation In
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Results The project has successfull
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Figure 1: Research Areas of WG1 and
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perception and image of bioenergy,
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to determining the consequences for
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EU Biomass Technology Pavilion in W
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for the transport sector, and you h
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husks. As this waste material is co
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Distribution of the various types o
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Expected impact and exploitation Wa
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This compilation of synopses covers
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European Bio-Energy Projects

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