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AMONCO Objectives The use of biogas in fuel cells (FC) is the primary goal of the AMONCO project. The precondition for the use of biogas in FCs is the avoidance, or elimination in respect of a reduction in detrimental trace gases which are potentially harmful for fuel cells. Thus, AMONCO has the following core objectives: • Comprehensive biogas analyses in quality and quantity on a detailed level – identifying harmful trace gases for fuel cells; • Avoidance of detrimental trace gases in biogas through optimal composition of the feedstock; • Advanced control of the anaerobic digestion process to hinder the formation of trace gases while keeping a high CH4 yield; • Suitable and cost-effective biogas cleaning for its utilisation in fuel cells; • Investigation and assessment of the effects of biogas in fuel cells through single cell tests; and • Development of techno- and socio-economic ‘market driven’ implementation strategies. Biogas in fuel cells for clean energy generation Problems addressed Trace gases, such as H2S, halogenated hydrocarbons, siloxanes and others, are frequently present in biogas. These gases lower the efficiency and durability of fuel cells significantly. That means the utilisation of biogas in fuel cells instead of in usual gas engines for CHP generation causes a dramatic increase in the required purity of the biogas fuel. In addition, in order to construct an adjusted cost-effective biogas cleaning system, knowledge of the occurrence and formation of those trace gases is essential. There is no tool currently available for assessing whether a new substrate can be safely used in a biogas plant. To cover those userdriven demands towards an advanced anaerobic digestion process, it is important to control the biogas composition under different loading conditions. The successful management of these critical loading conditions is highly relevant to the economy of industrial applications. Project structure The major work needed to fulfill these objectives includes the development of a knowledge-based decision support tool with the capability to predict trace gases depending on the fermented substrates, and a cost-effective cleaning process able to remove the significant trace gases which are detrimental to fuel cell systems. On the one hand, the decision-support tool assists the operators of biogas plants in selecting the composition of input substrates causing the lowest possible concentration of trace gases. On the other hand, the decision-support tool provides the ability of the in situ control of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process towards achieving the lowest concentration of trace gases while keeping a maximum yield of CH4. 78 Expected impact and exploitation The AMONCO project aims to overcome weaknesses of existing biogas FC/CHP technologies. Relevant European markets will be targeted by specific exploitation activities including the formation of a business interest group which will implement the project results. Further economic efficiency is of crucial importance for innovative technical developments in order to gain market access. Therefore, a continuous economic evaluation of AMONCO’s technical R&D results is necessary to guide the technical developments towards marketability. According to the work plan, the economic evaluation will start in the second part of the project. The work will be based on the partners’ vast experience in economic project evaluation and project finance. In this respect, partner EBV will adapt and enhance its profound calculation tool towards the application for the economic evaluation of AMONCO’s technological achievements. The potential of this result is a future general application concerning the economic evaluation of upcoming biogas/fuel cell projects. Developed design criteria for biogas fuel cells, based on the findings of the technical and non-technical results of the different AMONCO work packages (all partners will contribute to this result), along with the conclusions derived from specific biogas fuel cell designs are expected to be just two of the major results.
Progress to date A lot of data must be produced before work can start on modelling and controlling the anaerobic process. Therefore, laboratory reactors with the appropriate sensors and analyses are being operated by partner IAM and Profactor. The main goal of these experiments is the generation of data which can be used to train the neural network. A structure of the neural net has been developed for the neural network as a start to the training process. This structure is only a first draft and has to be further developed during the training process. During a discussion process with those partners operating industrial biogas plants, the importance of cheap and reliable measurement methods was stressed. It was considered important that, on the one hand a minimum necessary instrumentation for each partners biogas-plant was agreed and, on the other, two versions of the control software would seem to be necessary – s simpler version for those continuously operated small biogas plants with less instrumentation, and a sophisticated version for plants with full process control. Subsequently, partner IAM developed a client-server software solution for the control program. The prediction program for biogas fermentation with neuronal networks has been included in a Client/Server- Software solution. The original prediction program Figure 1: Laboratory reactors operated by partner Profactor. is located on a server on the World Wide Web, and is waiting for data from the client. Using the client version it is possible for the user to select Excel data files, send all necessary data for prediction to the server, and get prediction results back to the ‘front panel’ of the client program. In addition, two fuel cell stations have been designed and constructed by partner CSIC and the first experiments have been carried out. Partner Profactor has done the analytical method development for a comprehensive biogas analyses. And almost all partners were involved in an intensive study concerning available sensors and the testing of reliable methods to measure the main parameters in large biogas plants. Figure 2: Example of a client front panel for the control program developed by IAM. 79 INFORMATION References: ENK6-CT-2001-00518 Programme: FP5 - Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development Title: Advanced Prediction, Monitoring and Controlling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes Behaviour Towards Biogas Usage in Fuel Cells – AMONCO Duration: 36 months Contact point: Marianne Haberbauer Profactor Produktionsforschungs GmbH Tel: +43-7252-884205 Fax: +43-7252-884244 marianne.haberbauer@profactor.at Partners: Profactor (A) CSIC (E) Energieverwertungsagentur (A) University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences –Vienna (A) Matadero Frigorifico del Nalon (E) GASCON (DK) Slovenska Pol’nohospodarska Universita V Nitre (SI) EBV Management (D) SARIA Bio-Industries (D) Farmatic Biotech Energy (D) Biogas Barth (D) Seaborne (D) EC Scientific Officer: Jeroen Schuppers Tel: +32-2-2957006 Fax: +32-2-2993694 jeroen.schuppers@cec.eu.int Status: Ongoing
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PROJECT SYNOPSES European Bio-Energ
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Interested in European research? RT
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LEGAL NOTICE: Neither the European
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Contents � Forestry - Energy Wood
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- Studies of Fuel Blend Properties
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Expected impact and exploitation Th
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Results The main result of this pro
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Furthermore, multifuelled tests of
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Expected impact The integrated swee
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Expected impact and exploitation We
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Figure 1: Enrichment and depletion
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Greece on environmental technologie
Page 27 and 28: Project structure. Progress to date
Page 29 and 30: Progress to date The process of the
Page 31 and 32: Construction Details of DEPR-Plant.
Page 33 and 34: The most important feature of the P
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Page 37 and 38: Isometric view of Corby Mixed Bio-F
Page 39 and 40: meetings and discussions have taken
Page 41 and 42: RESHMENT - Process. Project structu
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Page 45 and 46: Results of catalytic processes. Pro
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Page 53 and 54: • syngas cooler; • baghouses fo
Page 55 and 56: Figure 1: Typical BIGCC process sch
Page 57 and 58: Bio oil is an easy-to-use liquid. B
Page 59 and 60: 3-D drawing of the envisaged pyroly
Page 61 and 62: Progress to date Project progress,
Page 63 and 64: Progress to date Both networks regu
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Page 69 and 70: Gasification product gas compositio
Page 71 and 72: Figure 1: Energy flows of the AER p
Page 73 and 74: • combustion of fuel gas in a tur
Page 75 and 76: Wood- Biomass- Bio-oil- Electricity
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Page 83 and 84: Figure 1: Overview of biological wa
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Page 91 and 92: Results Selective catalytic oxidati
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Page 95 and 96: • Rebuilding a carburettor and ex
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Page 99 and 100: NOVEL CHP process. Results The deve
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Page 105 and 106: Results At the biennial meeting in
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Page 109 and 110: INTCON - Mainscreen. For this appli
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Page 113 and 114: Expected results As the project sta
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This proposal specifically addresse
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Expected impact and exploitation A
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FBCOBIOW - Project. Expected impact
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The Hungarian participant will faci
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were run with some challenges conce
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Expected impact International and n
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Figure 1: The UPSWING process. Proj
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From left to right: The logging res
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Figure 1: General layout of an inci
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Exploitation The exploitation activ
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Figure 1: Mesh for Two Stage Combus
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The advantage of fly ash in concret
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Environment • reduce emissions of
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Progress to date All the design and
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Figure 1: Flow Chart. Moreover, the
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Project structure In order to devel
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Figure 1: Expansion process within
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No tar-contaminated wastewater •
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Figure 1: View of the CHP plant, Li
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ales will be tested with the new te
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Progress to date Figure 1: Sustaina
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Expected impact and exploitation It
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Progress to date The delays of pres
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Expected impact and exploitation On
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Expected results and exploitation p
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As a result of the new agricultural
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Biomass bundling technology system.
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Expected impact and exploitation Re
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Structure of the BioNorm project. E
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In the second activity, the results
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Expected impact and exploitation In
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Results The project has successfull
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Figure 1: Research Areas of WG1 and
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perception and image of bioenergy,
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to determining the consequences for
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EU Biomass Technology Pavilion in W
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for the transport sector, and you h
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husks. As this waste material is co
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Distribution of the various types o
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Expected impact and exploitation Wa
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This compilation of synopses covers
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