European Bio-Energy Projects

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BIOFLAM Objectives A promising route to achieve CO2 reduction is to use short cycle carbon containing fuels, which can be classified as secondary fuels. These fuels have the potential to replace fossil fuels but operational and environmental problems may dramatically affect the combustion system. To focus on the problem of secondary fuel application, detailed advance knowledge of these fuels’ typical combustion behaviour is required. The objective of this project is to provide simple, capable test methods, which give more insight into the fate of secondary fuel combustion in power plants. The achievement of gaining this knowledge on the preparation and combustion characteristics of secondary fuels is pre-competitive and can be used by any power plant operator or manufacturer in Europe. Project structure The BIOFLAM project compromises of four work packages, which concentrate on Fuel Preparation (WP1), Fuel Conversion (WP2), Full-scale Experiments (WP3) and Evaluation and Dissemination of Results (WP4). In WP1 the assessment of the grinding behaviour of blends of secondary and primary fuel in conventional coal pulverising systems is the primary task. WP2 concerns the development of the characterisation methods for secondary fuels. Power generators and boiler manufacturers co-operate on a European level in WP3 to gather full-scale power plant experience. The critical assessment of the results and the possible application in industry is the major item of WP4. With 16 partners from eight European countries this programme covers a wide range of fossil fuel applications in utilities throughout Europe and can be used as an input to other EU projects on alternative fuels. 124 Expected impact The aim of the project is to provide reliable methods to characterise the preparation and combustion performance of blends of coal and secondary fuels. This includes a detailed understanding of the fundamental processes, which are to be considered when using nonstandard fuels together with coal. Besides the direct implications, which can be obtained from the numerous experimental investigations, the collected data are used for the further development of mathematical models, which can be used to predict the behaviour of an unknown fuel before application on industrial scale. Progress to date During the second year of the BIOFLAM project, extensive work on the grinding behaviour of blends of coal and secondary fuels on full and laboratory scale were carried out. Although these results are not yet fully analysed it can be stated at this point that, in general, standard tests and standard equipment can be used to determine the grinding characteristics of blends. Also the results from full scale grinding experiments indicate that for many of the selected bio-fuels standard equipment can be used without major problems. The other main task of the second year was the evaluation of standard coal procedures to determine the combustion properties of pure bio-fuels and their blends with coal. Due to the great variety of selected fuels, and also the number of different test methods involved, the evaluation of the results requires very careful consideration.
Basic analysis methods must be taken into account like proximate and ultimate analysis together with TGA analysis, and also methods like plug flow reactor measurements where the severe environment of a real pf flame is simulated. Although the experiments for this part are still on going, a general approach of characterising blends of coal with biofuels becomes clearer. Due to the deviating combustion behaviour of many of the biofuels compared to coal, an approach has to be chosen which definitely includes methods which are tailored to simulate the heating rate and the time-temperature history a blend is exposed to in a real pf combustion application. Together with basic analysis methods it seems to be possible to get precise information to predict the combustion behaviour of blends of biofuels and coals. Figure 1: Isothermal Plug Flow Reactor. Figure 2: Devolatization measurement of milled Mushroom substrate. 125 INFORMATION References: ENK5-CT-1999-00004 Programme: FP5 - Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development Title: Combustion Behaviour of Clean Fuels in Power Generation – BIOFLAM Duration: 36 months Contact point: IFRF Research Station b.v. Willem Van de Kamp Tel: +31-2-51493064 Fax: +31-25-1226318 Willem.vd.Kamp@ifrf.net Partners: IFRF (NL) Technical University of Denmark (DK) Universita degli Studi di Salerno (I) Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine (UK) Instytut Energetyki (PL) Universität Stuttgart (D) Universita degli Studi di Pisa (I) RWE Power AG (D) Technical University of Clausthal (D) Mitsui Babcock Energy Ltd (UK) Instituto Superior Tecnico (P) Public Power Corporation (GR) Energy Research Centre of The Netherlands (NL) National Technical University of Athens (GR) ENEL Produzione SPA (I) Kema Nederland BV (NL) EC Scientific Officer: Pierre Dechamps Tel: +32-2-2956623 Fax: +32-2-2964288 pierre.dechamps@cec.eu.int Status: Completed
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PROJECT SYNOPSES European Bio-Energ
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Interested in European research? RT
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LEGAL NOTICE: Neither the European
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Contents � Forestry - Energy Wood
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- Studies of Fuel Blend Properties
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Expected impact and exploitation Th
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Results The main result of this pro
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Furthermore, multifuelled tests of
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Expected impact The integrated swee
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Expected impact and exploitation We
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Figure 1: Enrichment and depletion
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Greece on environmental technologie
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Project structure. Progress to date
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Progress to date The process of the
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Construction Details of DEPR-Plant.
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The most important feature of the P
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At the moment the second stage of t
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Isometric view of Corby Mixed Bio-F
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meetings and discussions have taken
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RESHMENT - Process. Project structu
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Project structure The project is or
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Results of catalytic processes. Pro
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VTT’s Process Development Unit (P
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Project structure The project is im
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• syngas cooler; • baghouses fo
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Figure 1: Typical BIGCC process sch
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Bio oil is an easy-to-use liquid. B
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3-D drawing of the envisaged pyroly
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Progress to date Project progress,
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Progress to date Both networks regu
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Finally, the project will contribut
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treatment dominate the cost structu
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Gasification product gas compositio
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Figure 1: Energy flows of the AER p
Page 73 and 74: • combustion of fuel gas in a tur
Page 75 and 76: Wood- Biomass- Bio-oil- Electricity
Page 77 and 78: Figure 1: Basic process flow diagra
Page 79 and 80: Progress to date A lot of data must
Page 81 and 82: Figure 1: Deposites of crystalline
Page 83 and 84: Figure 1: Overview of biological wa
Page 85 and 86: Picture 1: Large-scale Digestor Set
Page 87 and 88: During the Demonstration part of th
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Page 91 and 92: Results Selective catalytic oxidati
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Page 95 and 96: • Rebuilding a carburettor and ex
Page 97 and 98: Expected results and exploitation p
Page 99 and 100: NOVEL CHP process. Results The deve
Page 101 and 102: TARGeT Process Scheme. New combusto
Page 103 and 104: Another important result from the p
Page 105 and 106: Results At the biennial meeting in
Page 107 and 108: BFB-Plant. Furthermore from tanned
Page 109 and 110: INTCON - Mainscreen. For this appli
Page 111 and 112: From this study it was observed tha
Page 113 and 114: Expected results As the project sta
Page 115 and 116: Figure 1: Hot water accumulator and
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Page 119 and 120: Clean Coal Pre--feasibility Study L
Page 121 and 122: educed mechanism has been implement
Page 123: Progress to date During the first t
Page 127 and 128: parameters, relevant combustion con
Page 129 and 130: This proposal specifically addresse
Page 131 and 132: Expected impact and exploitation A
Page 133 and 134: FBCOBIOW - Project. Expected impact
Page 135 and 136: The Hungarian participant will faci
Page 137 and 138: were run with some challenges conce
Page 139 and 140: Expected impact International and n
Page 141 and 142: Figure 1: The UPSWING process. Proj
Page 143 and 144: From left to right: The logging res
Page 145 and 146: Figure 1: General layout of an inci
Page 147 and 148: Exploitation The exploitation activ
Page 149 and 150: Figure 1: Mesh for Two Stage Combus
Page 151 and 152: The advantage of fly ash in concret
Page 153 and 154: Environment • reduce emissions of
Page 155 and 156: Progress to date All the design and
Page 157 and 158: Figure 1: Flow Chart. Moreover, the
Page 159 and 160: Project structure In order to devel
Page 161 and 162: Figure 1: Expansion process within
Page 163 and 164: No tar-contaminated wastewater •
Page 165 and 166: Figure 1: View of the CHP plant, Li
Page 167 and 168: ales will be tested with the new te
Page 169 and 170: Progress to date Figure 1: Sustaina
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Page 173 and 174: Progress to date The delays of pres
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Expected impact and exploitation On
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Expected results and exploitation p
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As a result of the new agricultural
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Biomass bundling technology system.
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Expected impact and exploitation Re
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Structure of the BioNorm project. E
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In the second activity, the results
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Expected impact and exploitation In
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Results The project has successfull
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Figure 1: Research Areas of WG1 and
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perception and image of bioenergy,
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to determining the consequences for
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EU Biomass Technology Pavilion in W
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for the transport sector, and you h
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husks. As this waste material is co
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Distribution of the various types o
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Expected impact and exploitation Wa
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This compilation of synopses covers
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European Bio-Energy Projects

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