European Bio-Energy Projects

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BM SCREW Objectives The objective of this project is to obtain a more efficient utilisation of biomass fuels by using generated energy, not only for heat supply but also for electricity production. This will be done by demonstrating the technical maturity and economic competitiveness of an innovative small-scale biomass CHP (combined heat and power) technology based on a screwtype steam engine. The steam engine, with a nominal electric capacity of 800 kW suitable for multi-fuel feed, will be implemented into the steam cycle of a district and process heating plant in Hartberg (Austria). Technological targets are to show that the overall efficiency of the CHP plant is above 90 % and the electric efficiency is about 13 %. Another key aim is the improvement of the plant availability and the reduction of operating costs by using a new, automatic, steam boiler cleaning system. Demonstration of an 800 kW screw-type steam engine Challenges This project covers the implementation of a CHP module based on a screw-type steam engine into an already existing biomass district and process heating plant. At present the only useful technologies from a technical and economical point of view for CHP generation, based on biomass fuels in the power range between 200 to 1,000 kWel, are the screw-type steam engine (for steam applications) and the already demonstrated ORC process (for thermal oil applications). Screw-type steam engines for small-scale biomass CHP applications have a number of advantages compared to steam turbines and conventional steam engines. Screw-type engines show a comparatively high electric efficiency for small-scale CHP units (about 13 %), which only slightly decreases at partial load operation. Due to the high electric efficiency in a wide range of load conditions, the whole process can be operated heat controlled without a significant reduction in electric efficiency. The screw-type engine is a displacement rotary engine. The main parts of a screw-type engine are the male rotor, the female rotor and a casing, which together form a V-shaped working chamber whose volume increases during rotation. The steam enters the casing through the intake port. The intake is finished when the rotor faces pass the guiding edges and the chamber is separated from the intake port. At this stage steam expansion starts and mechanical power is produced at the output shaft. During expansion the volume of the chamber increases, whereas 160 the energy content of the fluid decreases. This process continues until the exhaust process starts and the steam is extruded and leaves the machine through the exhaust port. The expansion process within a screw-type engine is shown in Figure 1. The biomass district heating plant in Hartberg (Austria) is equipped with a water tube steam boiler producing saturated steam, which supplies process and district heat consumers via a hydraulic network. In order to optimise the CHP plant energetically a superheater will be implemented into the water tube steam boiler, which generates superheated steam at a pressure of 26 bar and a temperature of 260°C. Based on the annual characteristic curve of the heat demand of the district heat network (see Figure 2), the biomass CHP plant is designed for basic and medium load operation in heat controlled mode. During the first year approximately 5 000 operating hours will be achieved and the electricity production will be about 3,000 MWh/a. In Figure 3 the annual energy flow of the heating plant is shown. In addition, the demonstration of a new and automatic boiler cleaning system, specially developed for water tube steam boilers and based on pressurised air, is foreseen. It focuses on a boiler operation without the need for manual cleaning. Thus maintenance and operating costs can be reduced and the thermal boiler efficiency, as well as the availability of the plant, will increase.
Figure 1: Expansion process within a screw-type engine. Explanations: 1 - radial guiding edge, 2 - axial guiding edge, 3 - flow direction, 4 - sense of rotation. Project structure The project consortium consists of the coordinator (FWG-Fernwärmeversorgungsgenossenschaft reg.Gen.m.b.H. Vitis, Austria), the operator of the plant, one development and engineering company which specialises in biomass CHP plants and are responsible for the basic and detailed engineering of the overall CHP plant (BIOS BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH, Austria), one development and engineering company which specialises in screw-type steam engines and are responsible for the detailed engineering of the CHP module (IDEA - Ingenieurgesellschaft für dezentrale Energieanlagen mbH, Germany), one partner (MAN Turbomaschinen AG GHH BORSIG, Germany) responsible for the manufacture of the screw-type steam engine and another partner (Kohlbach GmbH & Co, Austria) responsible for the manufacture of the automatic boiler cleaning system. The demonstration project combines the scientific skills of the R&D institutions involved with the expertise, and the experience that innovative manufacturing companies have gained from successful development projects. This partnership ensures that all scientifically and economically relevant questions and problems of the new CHP technology will be addressed from the point of demonstration to future market introduction and dissemination. Figure 2: Annual characteristic curve of the heat demand of the district heat network loco heating plant (Hartberg, Austria). Expected impact and exploitation The screw-type engine is derived from the screw compressor and is consequently based on comprehensive engine knowledge. Due to the high development of the screw-type engine (a gasfired pilot plant already exists) and the automatic boiler cleaning system (already demonstrated with hot water boilers) a quick market introduction, after completing the demonstration phase, is anticipated in the short term. The dissemination of the results will be done by all of the project partners. Four partners of the project are SMEs, thus strengthening the SME cooperation within the EU and contributing to an international knowledge transfer. Due to the great potential and large demand for decentralised biomass fired CHP plants in the power range up to 1 MWel, the implementation of the screw-type steam engine in this project will lead to increased and more efficient thermal biomass utilisation in small-scale units within Europe. Progress to date In general, the design of the CHP module is completed. Based on the specification of the screw-type steam engine, the manufacture of the engine and the gear unit for connecting the two stages of the engine was started in the summer of 2002. The assembly and erection of the CHP module, as well as the automatic boiler cleaning system, will be completed in the autumn of 2003. The commissioning will be carried out at the end of 2003. On the basis of this demonstration project the screw-type steam engine is completing its state of development successfully and is proven for market introduction. 161 Figure 3: Annual energy flow of the heating plant (process heat as well as district heat including the CHP module). INFORMATION References: NNE5-467-2000 Programme: FP5 - Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development Title: Biomass-fired CHP Plant Based on a Screw-type Engine Cycle – BM SCREW Duration: 36 months Contact point: Alfred Hammerschmid BIOS-Bioenergiesysteme GmbH Hammerschmidt@bios-bioenergy.at Partners: FWG-Fernwärmeversorgungsgenossenschaft (A) BIOS-Bioenergiesysteme (A) Kohlbach (A) IDEA - Ingenieurgesellschaft für dezentrale Energieanlagen (D) MAN Turbomaschinen (D) EC Scientific Officer: José Riego Villanueva Tel: +32-2-2957939 Fax: +32-2-2966261 jose.riesgo@cec.eu.int Status: Ongoing
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PROJECT SYNOPSES European Bio-Energ
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Interested in European research? RT
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LEGAL NOTICE: Neither the European
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Contents � Forestry - Energy Wood
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- Studies of Fuel Blend Properties
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Expected impact and exploitation Th
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Results The main result of this pro
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Furthermore, multifuelled tests of
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Expected impact The integrated swee
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Expected impact and exploitation We
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Figure 1: Enrichment and depletion
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Greece on environmental technologie
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Project structure. Progress to date
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Progress to date The process of the
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Construction Details of DEPR-Plant.
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The most important feature of the P
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At the moment the second stage of t
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Isometric view of Corby Mixed Bio-F
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meetings and discussions have taken
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RESHMENT - Process. Project structu
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Project structure The project is or
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Results of catalytic processes. Pro
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VTT’s Process Development Unit (P
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Project structure The project is im
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• syngas cooler; • baghouses fo
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Figure 1: Typical BIGCC process sch
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Bio oil is an easy-to-use liquid. B
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3-D drawing of the envisaged pyroly
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Progress to date Project progress,
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Progress to date Both networks regu
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Finally, the project will contribut
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treatment dominate the cost structu
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Gasification product gas compositio
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Figure 1: Energy flows of the AER p
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• combustion of fuel gas in a tur
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Wood- Biomass- Bio-oil- Electricity
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Figure 1: Basic process flow diagra
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Progress to date A lot of data must
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Figure 1: Deposites of crystalline
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Figure 1: Overview of biological wa
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Picture 1: Large-scale Digestor Set
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During the Demonstration part of th
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Expected impact and exploitation Ur
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Results Selective catalytic oxidati
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Expected impact and exploitation A
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• Rebuilding a carburettor and ex
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Expected results and exploitation p
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NOVEL CHP process. Results The deve
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TARGeT Process Scheme. New combusto
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Another important result from the p
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Results At the biennial meeting in
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BFB-Plant. Furthermore from tanned
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Page 115 and 116: Figure 1: Hot water accumulator and
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Page 119 and 120: Clean Coal Pre--feasibility Study L
Page 121 and 122: educed mechanism has been implement
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Page 125 and 126: Basic analysis methods must be take
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Page 141 and 142: Figure 1: The UPSWING process. Proj
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Page 147 and 148: Exploitation The exploitation activ
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Page 153 and 154: Environment • reduce emissions of
Page 155 and 156: Progress to date All the design and
Page 157 and 158: Figure 1: Flow Chart. Moreover, the
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Page 165 and 166: Figure 1: View of the CHP plant, Li
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Page 191 and 192: Results The project has successfull
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European Bio-Energy Projects

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