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AER-GAS Objectives Development of a new, efficient and low cost single step process (Absorption Enhanced Reforming, AER) for clean biomass conversion into a hydrogen rich gas (H2 conc. > 80 vol. %) with low tar content. Development and selection of efficient catalytic CO2 absorbent bed materials with improved mechanical and chemical stability for the AER process. Design of an AER biomass plant with investment costs less than 800 €/kW and energetic efficiency for H2 production higher than 75%. New approach for biomass gasification to hydrogen Challenges The main characteristic of the proposed process for efficient and low cost conversion of biomass is the CO2 removal in the reaction zone of the gasifier. Due to the shifting of the reaction equilibrium the hydrogen concentration increases significantly. Therefore, the single step generation of a product gas with high hydrogen content for fuel cell applications is achievable. As the CO2 absorption is a highly exothermic reaction, the realised heat is integrated directly into the endothermic gasification/reforming process. The spent absorbent has to be regenerated in a subsequent process step (Figure 1). The main advantages of the AER process are summarised as follows: a) product gas with a hydrogen content higher than 80 vol. %, b) complete CO2 removal from the product gas, c) in situ heat supply for the endothermic biomass conversion process (thermally selfsustaining conversion process), d) easy CO cleaning for fuel cell applications of the product gas, and e) simple conversion technology. For the realisation of the proposed technology, a fluidised bed reactor will be employed containing a CO2 absorbent, e. g. dolomite. The development of a catalytic absorbent material with high tar cracking efficiency is also a key aspect of the AER process. Therefore, the ongoing project work is focused on the investigation of different natural and synthetic absorbent materials with regard to their CO2 absorption capacity, chemical and mechanical stability under real process conditions with repeated absorption – regeneration steps. The process parameters defined in a fixed bed and 70 in a fluidised bed reactor will be applied to a circulating fluidised bed system (Fast Internally Circulating Fluidised Bed, FICFB reactor), that allows a continuous production of hydrogen parallel to absorbent regeneration. Project structure The project is co-ordinated by the Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research, Stuttgart, Germany (ZSW). There are four work packages (WP) which address the technical and economic objectives. WP 1 concentrates on the development and improvement of a catalytic absorbent material which is a core component of the AER process. Natural materials (dolomite marble litter, raw dolomite, olivine) and synthetic materials (chemically modified absorbents, e.g. by addition of silica, alumina or zirconia) are investigated as CO2 absorbents mainly by thermal gravimetric analysis (Figure 2). The catalytic activity of the investigated bed materials is characterised by dependence on their physical (morphology and surface area) and chemical (bulk and surface) properties. The performance of the bed material is determined applying a fixed bed AER reactor. Pre-selected materials are provided to the partners of the WP 2 and WP 3. In WP 2, the AER process is investigated in fluidised bed (FB) reactors. The main goals are the determination of the mechanical stability of the bed materials as well as the definition of optimal operation conditions for fluidised bed operation (temperature, residence time, etc.) to provide a product gas with a high hydrogen and a low tar content.
Figure 1: Energy flows of the AER process. The activities in WP 3 are concentrated on the realisation of the AER process in a pilot scale FICBF reactor with continuous operation of the reforming and regeneration steps. The regeneration of the spent absorbent will be carried out using the heat released in the combustion of char residues. Both process steps, the reforming and the absorbent regeneration are connected in terms of material flow and heat transfer. WP 4 deals with the techno-economic assessment of the gas and electricity production costs based on the experimental AER gasification results of WP 1, 2 and 3. A design of a 1 MW and a 50 MW unit including the required additional units for industrial applications and for CHP (Combined Heat and Power) generation from the AER-gas will be carried out. Furthermore, the market potential of this new technology will be estimated. Exploitation The AER process is an innovative gasification technology which enables an efficient conversion of biomass into a hydrogen rich gas. As the product gas is expected to be a clean gas with low tar and COx content, various applications can be considered (e.g. PEM fuel cells, fuel synthesis, CHP). The AER process is applicable to a wide range of biomass feedstock. Progress to date A synthetic/improved CO2 absorbent material with high cycle stability for fluidised bed (FB) applications was developed. An improved catalyst for tar (phenol) reforming/ cracking with excellent performance has been produced. A test facility to characterise bed materials under FB conditions was built and different types of dolomites have been characterised in terms of mechanical and chemical stability. In a first experiment with biomass gasification in an AER FB reactor hydrogen concentration higher than 60% has been achieved. The integration of the new process in the pulp production was identified as a promising application of the process. Figure 2: Cycling behaviour of natural dolomite in thermal gravimetric analysis. 71 INFORMATION References: ENK5-CT-2001-00545 Programme: FP5 - Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development Title: A New Approach for the Production of a Hydrogen-Rich Gas from Biomass: An Absorption Enhanced Reforming Process – AER-GAS Duration: 36 months Contact point: Michael Specht Zentrum für Solarenergie und Wasserstoffforschung (ZSW) Tel: +49-711-7870-218 Fax: +49-711-7870-200 michael.specht@zsw-bw.de Partners: Zentrum für Solarenergie und Wasserstoffforschung (D) Foundation of Research and Technology – Hellas (GR) Proplan (CY) University of Cyprus (CY) TU Wien (A) Universität Stuttgart (D) Paul Scherrer Institut (CH) IVE Weimer (D) EC Scientific Officer: Garbiñe Guiu Etxeberria Tel: +32-2-2990538 Fax: +32-2-2993694 garbine.guiu@cec.eu.int Status: Ongoing
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PROJECT SYNOPSES European Bio-Energ
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Interested in European research? RT
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LEGAL NOTICE: Neither the European
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Contents � Forestry - Energy Wood
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- Studies of Fuel Blend Properties
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Expected impact and exploitation Th
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Results The main result of this pro
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Furthermore, multifuelled tests of
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Expected impact The integrated swee
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Page 23 and 24: Figure 1: Enrichment and depletion
Page 25 and 26: Greece on environmental technologie
Page 27 and 28: Project structure. Progress to date
Page 29 and 30: Progress to date The process of the
Page 31 and 32: Construction Details of DEPR-Plant.
Page 33 and 34: The most important feature of the P
Page 35 and 36: At the moment the second stage of t
Page 37 and 38: Isometric view of Corby Mixed Bio-F
Page 39 and 40: meetings and discussions have taken
Page 41 and 42: RESHMENT - Process. Project structu
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Page 45 and 46: Results of catalytic processes. Pro
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Page 51 and 52: Project structure The project is im
Page 53 and 54: • syngas cooler; • baghouses fo
Page 55 and 56: Figure 1: Typical BIGCC process sch
Page 57 and 58: Bio oil is an easy-to-use liquid. B
Page 59 and 60: 3-D drawing of the envisaged pyroly
Page 61 and 62: Progress to date Project progress,
Page 63 and 64: Progress to date Both networks regu
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Page 69: Gasification product gas compositio
Page 73 and 74: • combustion of fuel gas in a tur
Page 75 and 76: Wood- Biomass- Bio-oil- Electricity
Page 77 and 78: Figure 1: Basic process flow diagra
Page 79 and 80: Progress to date A lot of data must
Page 81 and 82: Figure 1: Deposites of crystalline
Page 83 and 84: Figure 1: Overview of biological wa
Page 85 and 86: Picture 1: Large-scale Digestor Set
Page 87 and 88: During the Demonstration part of th
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Page 91 and 92: Results Selective catalytic oxidati
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Page 99 and 100: NOVEL CHP process. Results The deve
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Page 105 and 106: Results At the biennial meeting in
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educed mechanism has been implement
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Progress to date During the first t
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Basic analysis methods must be take
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parameters, relevant combustion con
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This proposal specifically addresse
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Expected impact and exploitation A
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FBCOBIOW - Project. Expected impact
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The Hungarian participant will faci
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were run with some challenges conce
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Expected impact International and n
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Figure 1: The UPSWING process. Proj
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From left to right: The logging res
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Figure 1: General layout of an inci
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Exploitation The exploitation activ
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Figure 1: Mesh for Two Stage Combus
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The advantage of fly ash in concret
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Environment • reduce emissions of
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Progress to date All the design and
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Figure 1: Flow Chart. Moreover, the
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Project structure In order to devel
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Figure 1: Expansion process within
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No tar-contaminated wastewater •
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Figure 1: View of the CHP plant, Li
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ales will be tested with the new te
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Progress to date Figure 1: Sustaina
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Expected impact and exploitation It
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Progress to date The delays of pres
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Expected impact and exploitation On
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Expected results and exploitation p
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As a result of the new agricultural
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Biomass bundling technology system.
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Expected impact and exploitation Re
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Structure of the BioNorm project. E
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In the second activity, the results
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Expected impact and exploitation In
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Results The project has successfull
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Figure 1: Research Areas of WG1 and
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perception and image of bioenergy,
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to determining the consequences for
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EU Biomass Technology Pavilion in W
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for the transport sector, and you h
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husks. As this waste material is co
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Distribution of the various types o
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Expected impact and exploitation Wa
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Expected impact and exploitation Th
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This compilation of synopses covers
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European Bio-Energy Projects

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