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MGO-GAS Objectives Incineration is a useful method for eliminating combustible waste products in order to reduce municipal/household waste volume. This project is expected to improve the efficiency of flue gas treatment in waste-to-energy plants by using a new efficient and competitive Mg-based product. It is also expected to provide a process for improving product reactivity for the abatement of pollutants and to develop and adapt a process to promote the significant benefits of its use when compared to the sorbing agents (lime, sodium bicarbonate) in current use. Magnesium oxide has widespread use in Europe and its promotion will open new markets for it with important consequences for both the competitiveness of the European magnesia industry and also for the cost effectiveness of gaseous treatments. Adapted magnesium oxide (MgO) product for efficient flue gas treatment for waste-to-energy plants Project structure This project links partners from three EU countries. They were selected so as to combine producers of the Mg-based product, laboratory and industrial-scale research facilities, and potential users of the results. This project was carried out according to the following research phases: • Thermo-chemical characterisation of existing magnesium oxide; • Identification of the parameters to be taken into account magnesium oxide use in flue gas treatment; • Development of an adapted magnesium oxide; • Selection of the most efficient products at pilot scale and validation of the new product at industrial scale. Expected social and economic impact The exploitation of the results obtained from this project, using the new adapted product, will allow for: • reinforcing the competition between sorbing agent suppliers: The current products used for flue gas treatment are distributed by companies worldwide, a situation which leads to a quasi-monopolistic market. This new competitive product will improve this situation, especially if a plant can use lime, sodium bicarbonate and oxide magnesium to treat acidic gases without having to make major modifications to its equipment. 110 • reducing the production of residues: The difference between the molar mass of the different sorbing agent is favourable as regards magnesium oxide. • finding an alternative treatment for residues and CO2 emissions: The current treatment for ‘air pollution control residues’ is stabilisation/solidification. This technology comprises mixing residues with different additives (silicates, lime, hydraulic binders, etc.) to keep the pollutants in the matrix. Each residue needs a specific formulation and some require expansive additives and/or produce more waste. The pH of the Mg-based product – of around 10 – coincides with the pH value at which heavy metals present the lowest solubility and remain stabilised as insoluble hydroxides within the ‘cake’. Furthermore, unlike the NaHCO3 sorbent, the utilisation of MgO-based product will reduce the CO2 emissions locally in the abatement processes. Results The results obtained from laboratory-scale tests gave thermo-chemical information on the principal possible reactions between Mg-based product and the acidic gaseous components of flue gas. The Mg-based product obtained from the current production method (without modification) showed a comparable efficiency when compared to the conventionally used sorbing agent, when the same quantities were used.
From this study it was observed that the most important characteristics of this application are the high specific surface area (S.S.A) and the appropriate grain size distribution of the sorbing agents. In order to increase the reactivity of the Mg-based product, the physico-chemical properties of this product have been improved and samples were produced with a specific surface area higher than 60 m2/g for MgO and more than 40 m2/g for Mg(OH)2. This adaptation constitutes an innovation for products derived from natural magnesite, concerning magnesia samples, while commercial Mg(OH)2 samples – even synthetic products from sea water – have a much lower specific surface area. The abatement results obtained at laboratory scale for the reactivity and sorption of pollutant using the modified Mg-based product were very promising. Moreover, an MgO sample with a S.S.A of 227m2/g was developed and produced and gave very good abatement results. However, the tests did not proceed because this sample cannot be produced within the existing industrial facilities. In order to validate the results obtained from the laboratory scale, efficiency tests were conducted on the flue gas treatment using different samples of Mg-based product (different from the current production and the modified ones) in a pilotscale rotary kiln. A mixture of synthetic wastes was formulated and prepared so as to compose a gas emission mixture containing SOx, Cl, dioxin and heavy metals. The results obtained, as regards the efficiency of flue gas treatment using the downstream dry abatement, confirmed those achieved at laboratory scale. However, the best results for acidic pollutant abatement were obtained using the semi-wet treatment and the modified sample Mg(OH)2 thin slurries, as can be seen in figure 1. The characteristics of Mg(OH)2 retained comprised a sample with 40m2/g of S.S.A, fine grain size lacking in very fine fractions. This magnesium hydroxide was produced from reactive caustic magnesia under well-controlled hydration conditions. A technico-economic assessment of Mg-based product utilisation and its comparison with currently used sorbents has been carried out regarding the results obtained from this project. The main advantages of using Mg-based rather than Ca-based sorbents, which are seen as the main competitive reagents, are: • Lower quantities used to neutralise the same amount of pollutants (28% less compared to CaO) and therefore lower quantities of flue gas treatment residues are produced; • Mg-based sorbents provide for safer handling; they are less corrosive in the installation and more environmentally friendly in comparison with Ca-based sorbents; • The pH of Mg-based product – of around 10 – coincides with the pH value at which heavy metals present the lowest solubility and they remain as insoluble hydroxides, permitting an easier stabilisation of the solid coming from flue gas treatment. Figure 1: Effect of the sorbing agents mass flow rate injected on HCl abatement, during downstream semi-wet flue gas treatment. 111 INFORMATION References: ERK5-CT-1999-00015 Programme: FP5 - Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development Title: Elaborated MGO Products for Efficient Flue Gas Treatment with Minimisation of Solid Residues for Waste to Energy Plants – MGO-GAS Duration: 33 months Contact point: Ammar Bensakhria Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC) Tel: +33-3-44234605 Fax: +33-3-44231980 ammar.bensakhria@utc.fr Partners: UTC (F) Lund University (S) Grecian Magnesite (GR) CReeD (F) EC Scientific Officer: Helmut Pfrüner Tel: +32-2-2965487 Fax: +32-2-2966882 helmut.pfruener@cec.eu.int Status: Completed
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PROJECT SYNOPSES European Bio-Energ
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Interested in European research? RT
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LEGAL NOTICE: Neither the European
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Contents � Forestry - Energy Wood
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- Studies of Fuel Blend Properties
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Expected impact and exploitation Th
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Results The main result of this pro
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Furthermore, multifuelled tests of
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Expected impact The integrated swee
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Expected impact and exploitation We
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Figure 1: Enrichment and depletion
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Greece on environmental technologie
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Project structure. Progress to date
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Progress to date The process of the
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Construction Details of DEPR-Plant.
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The most important feature of the P
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At the moment the second stage of t
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Isometric view of Corby Mixed Bio-F
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meetings and discussions have taken
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RESHMENT - Process. Project structu
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Project structure The project is or
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Results of catalytic processes. Pro
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VTT’s Process Development Unit (P
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Project structure The project is im
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• syngas cooler; • baghouses fo
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Figure 1: Typical BIGCC process sch
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Bio oil is an easy-to-use liquid. B
Page 59 and 60: 3-D drawing of the envisaged pyroly
Page 61 and 62: Progress to date Project progress,
Page 63 and 64: Progress to date Both networks regu
Page 65 and 66: Finally, the project will contribut
Page 67 and 68: treatment dominate the cost structu
Page 69 and 70: Gasification product gas compositio
Page 71 and 72: Figure 1: Energy flows of the AER p
Page 73 and 74: • combustion of fuel gas in a tur
Page 75 and 76: Wood- Biomass- Bio-oil- Electricity
Page 77 and 78: Figure 1: Basic process flow diagra
Page 79 and 80: Progress to date A lot of data must
Page 81 and 82: Figure 1: Deposites of crystalline
Page 83 and 84: Figure 1: Overview of biological wa
Page 85 and 86: Picture 1: Large-scale Digestor Set
Page 87 and 88: During the Demonstration part of th
Page 89 and 90: Expected impact and exploitation Ur
Page 91 and 92: Results Selective catalytic oxidati
Page 93 and 94: Expected impact and exploitation A
Page 95 and 96: • Rebuilding a carburettor and ex
Page 97 and 98: Expected results and exploitation p
Page 99 and 100: NOVEL CHP process. Results The deve
Page 101 and 102: TARGeT Process Scheme. New combusto
Page 103 and 104: Another important result from the p
Page 105 and 106: Results At the biennial meeting in
Page 107 and 108: BFB-Plant. Furthermore from tanned
Page 109: INTCON - Mainscreen. For this appli
Page 113 and 114: Expected results As the project sta
Page 115 and 116: Figure 1: Hot water accumulator and
Page 117 and 118: Expected impact and exploitation In
Page 119 and 120: Clean Coal Pre--feasibility Study L
Page 121 and 122: educed mechanism has been implement
Page 123 and 124: Progress to date During the first t
Page 125 and 126: Basic analysis methods must be take
Page 127 and 128: parameters, relevant combustion con
Page 129 and 130: This proposal specifically addresse
Page 131 and 132: Expected impact and exploitation A
Page 133 and 134: FBCOBIOW - Project. Expected impact
Page 135 and 136: The Hungarian participant will faci
Page 137 and 138: were run with some challenges conce
Page 139 and 140: Expected impact International and n
Page 141 and 142: Figure 1: The UPSWING process. Proj
Page 143 and 144: From left to right: The logging res
Page 145 and 146: Figure 1: General layout of an inci
Page 147 and 148: Exploitation The exploitation activ
Page 149 and 150: Figure 1: Mesh for Two Stage Combus
Page 151 and 152: The advantage of fly ash in concret
Page 153 and 154: Environment • reduce emissions of
Page 155 and 156: Progress to date All the design and
Page 157 and 158: Figure 1: Flow Chart. Moreover, the
Page 159 and 160: Project structure In order to devel
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Figure 1: Expansion process within
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No tar-contaminated wastewater •
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Figure 1: View of the CHP plant, Li
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ales will be tested with the new te
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Progress to date Figure 1: Sustaina
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Expected impact and exploitation It
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Progress to date The delays of pres
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Expected impact and exploitation On
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Expected results and exploitation p
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As a result of the new agricultural
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Biomass bundling technology system.
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Expected impact and exploitation Re
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Structure of the BioNorm project. E
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In the second activity, the results
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Expected impact and exploitation In
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Results The project has successfull
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Figure 1: Research Areas of WG1 and
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perception and image of bioenergy,
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to determining the consequences for
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EU Biomass Technology Pavilion in W
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for the transport sector, and you h
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husks. As this waste material is co
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Distribution of the various types o
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Expected impact and exploitation Wa
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This compilation of synopses covers
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