European Bio-Energy Projects

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POWERFLAM2 Objectives The programme aims to coordinate and provide synergy between results obtained from a range of different complimentary techniques to allow substantial increases in the co-firing of biomass and bio-waste materials with coal in large utility boilers. The techniques to be used range from measurements obtained on large utility boilers, to those on pilot and simulation rigs and various laboratory techniques. These measurements will be used to correlate and calibrate computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations of the various complex processes occurring (see figure 1). This will be followed by neural network analysis of the plethora of data obtained to provide working tools for the utility operators. When integrated together, it will allow operators of large pulverised coal boilers to evaluate the effects of different levels of substituting / co-firing upon the whole performance of the boiler. PowerFlam2 programme Background Fossil fuel is still the main source of energy conversion for the power industry. It is likely to be dominant for many years to come since the development of renewable energies, in terms of affordable and reliable technology, is low. Electricity generation via fossil fuel is in the 100’s MW per installation whereas equivalent biomass output is generally in the 10’s of MW range. Europe has to face the fact that generations using traditional fuels are fundamental to the increasing demand for energy. The use of coal within this sector is also vital to meet the needs of supply and demand. The infrastructure is well established and the technology is mature, but the environmental consequences are also known. Fuel substitution offers a route to use the existing European power plant infrastructure to reduce the equivalent amount of available carbon for energy conversion, thereby having a considerable influence on CO2 reduction from this crucial industrial sector. Challenges Although co-firing of biomass and bio-waste has been practised in a number of plants, the practice is not widespread. A recent survey by a trade association representing large utilities, VGB Powertech E.V. (formerly VGB Technishe Vereinigung Der Grosskraftwerksbetreiber E.V.), showed that only 29 out of 353 power plants surveyed employed any form of co-firing. Barriers to substantially increased co-firing arise from a number of technical, economic and operational factors. A number of critical technical factors have been identified, including the effects of the co- 148 firing fuel on slagging and fouling in the system, downstream deNOx systems, environmental impact and the quality / marketability of the ash. There are no models or techniques at the moment that would allow an operator of a large utility boiler to ascertain whether a particular form of biomass material or waste can be successfully co-fired. Programme structure The programme will be delivered by a consortium, including three universities, two major research laboratories, three large utility operators and the VGB Powertech E.V. The core of the work involves the use of several novel laboratory and pilot scale rigs that provide different experimental information concerning the behaviour of the fuel blends in different conditions. Complimentary modelling work with CFD and neural networks will be undertaken to better describe the processes occurring both in the rigs and large boilers (see figures 2 and 3). Expected impact New test methods will be created for fuel blends using several different laboratory / pilot scale rigs that will individually give different information on, for example, ignition, volatile evolution and slagging. Extensive modelling results using CFD and neural network analysis will be correlated and calibrated using results from laboratory and large co-fired plant experiments. The information obtained will be in a format that can be integrated with systems that utility operators are able to use to make judgments on realistic fuel blends and levels of substitution for optimum performance.
Figure 1: Mesh for Two Stage Combustor Geometry used in CFD Software. Progress to date The start date for the programme was 1 January 2003. The first meeting of the programme steering committee took place at ENEL Produzione in Pisa, Italy on the 29 January 2003. Coordination and communication strategies were developed by the partners to ensure the effective transfer of data and information. The PowerFlam2 website is near completion, which will allow the general public access to information relating to the programme (http://www.powerflam.ifrf.net/pf2). Each partner is authenticated and this allows them secure access to the website and the ability to exchange sensitive information. Pilot rigs and experimental techniques have been created to generate the data required for correlation and calibration of the computer simulations. Large utility operators are preparing for large-scale co-firing experiments that will generate vital data that can be used with the development of the computer simulations. Fuel preparation is an important aspect of the programme and has been centralised to ensure stability in the fuel composition. Currently the fuel requirements of each partner are being assessed so that fuel preparation can commence. Figure 2: CFD Static Temperature Profile of a 500kW Down Fired Furnace. 149 Figure 3: CFD Mesh Quality Check for a 500kW Burner. INFORMATION References: NNE5-907-2001 Programme: FP5 - Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development Title: Studies of Fuel Blend Properties in Boilers and Simulation Rigs to Increase Biomass and Bio-waste Materials Used for Co-firing in Pulverised Coal Fired Boilers – POWERFLAM2 Duration: 36 months Contact point: Steven Morris University of Wales Cardiff MorrisSM@Cardiff.ac.uk Partners: University of Wales (UK) IFRF Research Station (NL) VGB Powertech (D) Electricité de France – Division R&D (F) ENEL Produzione (I) Laborelec (F) Insytut Energetyki (PL) TU Clausthal (D) University of Glamorgan (IRL) EC Scientific Officer: José Riesgo Villanueva Tel: +32-2-2957939 Fax: +32-2-2966261 jose.riesgo@cec.eu.int Status: Ongoing
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PROJECT SYNOPSES European Bio-Energ
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Interested in European research? RT
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LEGAL NOTICE: Neither the European
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Contents � Forestry - Energy Wood
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- Studies of Fuel Blend Properties
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Expected impact and exploitation Th
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Results The main result of this pro
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Furthermore, multifuelled tests of
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Expected impact The integrated swee
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Expected impact and exploitation We
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Figure 1: Enrichment and depletion
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Greece on environmental technologie
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Project structure. Progress to date
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Progress to date The process of the
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Construction Details of DEPR-Plant.
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The most important feature of the P
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At the moment the second stage of t
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Isometric view of Corby Mixed Bio-F
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meetings and discussions have taken
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RESHMENT - Process. Project structu
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Project structure The project is or
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Results of catalytic processes. Pro
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VTT’s Process Development Unit (P
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Project structure The project is im
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• syngas cooler; • baghouses fo
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Figure 1: Typical BIGCC process sch
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Bio oil is an easy-to-use liquid. B
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3-D drawing of the envisaged pyroly
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Progress to date Project progress,
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Progress to date Both networks regu
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Finally, the project will contribut
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treatment dominate the cost structu
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Gasification product gas compositio
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Figure 1: Energy flows of the AER p
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• combustion of fuel gas in a tur
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Wood- Biomass- Bio-oil- Electricity
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Figure 1: Basic process flow diagra
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Progress to date A lot of data must
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Figure 1: Deposites of crystalline
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Figure 1: Overview of biological wa
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Picture 1: Large-scale Digestor Set
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During the Demonstration part of th
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Expected impact and exploitation Ur
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Results Selective catalytic oxidati
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Expected impact and exploitation A
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• Rebuilding a carburettor and ex
Page 97 and 98: Expected results and exploitation p
Page 99 and 100: NOVEL CHP process. Results The deve
Page 101 and 102: TARGeT Process Scheme. New combusto
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Page 105 and 106: Results At the biennial meeting in
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Page 109 and 110: INTCON - Mainscreen. For this appli
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Page 113 and 114: Expected results As the project sta
Page 115 and 116: Figure 1: Hot water accumulator and
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Page 119 and 120: Clean Coal Pre--feasibility Study L
Page 121 and 122: educed mechanism has been implement
Page 123 and 124: Progress to date During the first t
Page 125 and 126: Basic analysis methods must be take
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Page 131 and 132: Expected impact and exploitation A
Page 133 and 134: FBCOBIOW - Project. Expected impact
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Page 139 and 140: Expected impact International and n
Page 141 and 142: Figure 1: The UPSWING process. Proj
Page 143 and 144: From left to right: The logging res
Page 145 and 146: Figure 1: General layout of an inci
Page 147: Exploitation The exploitation activ
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Page 153 and 154: Environment • reduce emissions of
Page 155 and 156: Progress to date All the design and
Page 157 and 158: Figure 1: Flow Chart. Moreover, the
Page 159 and 160: Project structure In order to devel
Page 161 and 162: Figure 1: Expansion process within
Page 163 and 164: No tar-contaminated wastewater •
Page 165 and 166: Figure 1: View of the CHP plant, Li
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Page 169 and 170: Progress to date Figure 1: Sustaina
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Page 173 and 174: Progress to date The delays of pres
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Page 181 and 182: Biomass bundling technology system.
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Page 185 and 186: Structure of the BioNorm project. E
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Page 191 and 192: Results The project has successfull
Page 193 and 194: Figure 1: Research Areas of WG1 and
Page 195 and 196: perception and image of bioenergy,
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EU Biomass Technology Pavilion in W
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for the transport sector, and you h
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husks. As this waste material is co
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Distribution of the various types o
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Expected impact and exploitation Wa
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This compilation of synopses covers
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European Bio-Energy Projects

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