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the third edition of a book by Nilus called The Great in the Small, which was about the coming
of the Antichrist. Nilus said that the Protocols were translated from the French text of a speech
made to 300 influential Jews. A prostitute allegedly stole the document from a leading Jew. A
copy was received by the British Museum in London, in August, 1906, where it was translated
by English journalist Victor Marsden, who published it in 1921. Marsden said that he couldn’t
work on the translation for more than an hour at a time, because of the evil he felt while reading
it. In 1917, Nilus revised and expanded his book, which he called, He is Near, At the Door: Here
Comes the Antichrist and the Reign of the Devil on Earth. Nilus wrote: “These Protocols are
nothing else than a strategic plan for the conquest of the world ... presented to the Council of the
Elders by ... Theodor Herzl, at the time of the first Zionist Congress (held by the World Zionist
Organization in 1897, at Basel, Switzerland).” However, in his 1905 edition, he said that the
Protocols had been given in 1902-03. In fact, with each subsequent edition that appeared in
different countries, the origin of the document was different.
On August 16, 17, and 18, 1921, the New York Times ran editorials by Phillip Graves, a
London Times correspondent, who said that the Protocols had been copied from a rare 1864
French political satire called Dialogues in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu (also
referred to as the Dialogues of Geneva by the London Times because Geneva had been identified
as a center of revolutionary activities) by lawyer Maurice Joly (1831-1878). It was a pamphlet
containing a conversation between Montesquieu (presenting a case for liberalism) and
Machiavelli (who represented autocracy) which criticized the government of Napoleon III (who
was deposed in 1871). Being illegal to criticize the Monarchy, he fictionalized it, making
Napoleon the character of Machiavelli, to explain the Emperor’s underlying motives. Joly had it
printed in Belgium, then attempted to have it smuggled over the French border. It was seized by
the police, who confiscated as many copies as they could, then banned the book. The police
traced the book to Joly, who was then tried on April 25, 1865, and sentenced to fifteen months in
prison. At the Berne trials, a witness for the prosecution tried to prove that Joly was a Jew, and
that his book was a coded version of the Jewish plan for world domination. Another writer,
Victor Hugo (1802-1885), a Grand Master of the Prieuré de Sion (1844-1885) who in 1849 made
a reference to the ‘United States of Europe,’ wrote satirical poetry against Napoleon III.
As it turns out, over 160 passages from the Protocols are similar to Joly’s book, which is
about half the text. Some sections are almost word for word. The only major change is that it was
altered from the past, to the future.
Some researchers believe that either, Joly was given the minutes to a Masonic meeting by
Adolphe Cremieux (a Mason and Rosicrucian), who urged Joly to write the book, which he did
under the pseudonym of “Mr. X”; or that the minutes were from a Marxist meeting which took
place in a Masonic lodge in Geneva, and had been stored in the archives of the Mizraim Masonic
Lodge in Paris, where Cremieux, who sat on the Supreme Council, discovered them.
Who could have forged the Protocols isn’t known, if in fact it is a forgery. Some researchers
claim it was done in Russia, in 1904, by agents of the Czar. However, the general consensus is
that it was probably done by Elie de Cyon (Ilya Tsion), a Russian journalist living in Paris, who
was an opponent of Sergey Witte, the Russian Minister of Finance.
When Witte took office in 1892, he began to modernize Russia by doubling steel, iron, and
coal production; and constructing railroads. He was disliked by those who had their money tied
up in agriculture. He caused inflation by abandoning the gold standard in 1898 because of an
economic slump. The Protocols say that such economic depressions are caused by the Elders to
gain control of the money; and that the gold standard has ruined every country that has adopted