Tenth International Congress of Egyptologists Abstracts of Papers

XICE – Abstract of Papers
prominence over the settlement and continuing well into the 1 st millennium BC
(Stratum Ac-b).
In particular, special emphasis will be put on the material originating from the
squatters’ occupation phase (Stratum Ba) because, at least as far as what has been
examined until now is concerned, it represents an important proportion of the totality
of the pottery material from Area Q IV, second only to that coming from the stable
complex in its last phase of use.The material presented here illustrates well the
transition from the Twntieth to the Twenty-first Dynasties, allowing for the
clarification of specific issues relating to the ceramic sequence over this period. It
suggests that the dating of a few pottery types might be revised in a way which would
incidentally also better fit the evidence from the earliest archaeological phase of the
neighbouring site of Tanis. Moreover, some of the conclusions reached with regards
to fabrics in this stratum are worthy of notice. The dominance of local Nile silts over
Upper Egyptian and Sinai marls (at Qantir, Fabrics II.D and II.F respectively)
becomes increasingly marked from the late Twentieth Dynasty onwards, implying a
change in local pottery manufacture and procurement and perhaps a shift in patterns
of trade. Imports from the Levantine area (perhaps also from Cyprus), however,
continue virtually unabated compared with the evidence from the Nineteenth-early
Twentieth Dynasties levels, suggesting that contacts with the eastern Mediterranean
were not as deeply affected as is usually thought over a period marked by important
political and socio-economic upheavals in both areas. The continuity of contacts with
the Levant is also supported by a small number of shapes attested in Area Q IV which,
though produced in local silt fabrics, derive from contemporary vessels of Syro-
Palestinian origin.
The importance of Stratum Ba in Area Q IV at Qantir should not be
underestimated when considering the history of the site as a whole. Far from being a
short-lived, insignificant phenomenon, this occupation, bearing witness to the
domestic re-settlement of former royal structures, seems to have spanned over a
century at least and, judging from the amount of pottery recovered from it, to have
been fairly dense in character. In many ways, this last phase of settlement at the site
sheds new lights on the period immediately preceding and probably partly
contemporary with the final abandonment of the Ramesside capital of Egypt.
Some reflections on the function of a particular triad constellation in New
Kingsdom religious iconography
Kristina Lahn Dumke
The aim of this paper is to present a new interpretation of the triad constellation
Qedeshet, Min and Reshep. I intend to show, that the classical egyptological order
systems are not suitable to understand the function of this particular triad. The
construction of a triad ist just one of many ways to unite several deities in one, others
include the well-known “Neun-“, “Acht-“ and other “Vielheiten”. There are different
systems, in which the various cycles can be arranged. On the one hand “the social
system”, which projects terrestrial conditions on the divine level, on the other hand
“the local system”, which makes a cult-topographic order and put deities together,
who are worshipped in a common cult place. A further possibility is to apply the socalled
“numeric-genealogical system”, developed by Hornung, to a special “Vielheit”.
However, none of these systems can be applied to the triad constellation Qedeshet,
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