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Blast-Hole Cuttings: An Indicator of Drill Bit Wear in Quarries 736 Table 46: Sieve Analysis of Drill Cuttings from Blast-hole Fifteen (Sonel Boneh, Quarry, Ibadan) Sieve Size (µm) MeanSieve Size (µm) Wt Retained(g) %Wt Retained% Cum Wt Retained(g) Cum Wt Passing(g) Cum % Retained Cum % Passing 850 850 94.80 23.70 400.00 0 100.00 0 -850 + 600 600 19.60 4.90 305.20 94.80 76.30 23.70 -600 + 425 425 19.44 4.86 228.50 114.40 71.40 28.60 -425 + 300 300 39.88 9.97 266.16 133.84 66.54 33.46 -300 + 212 212 60.52 15.13 226.28 173.72 56.57 43.43 -212 + 150 150 60.56 15.14 165.76 234.24 41.44 58.56 -150 + 75 75 105.20 26.30 105.20 294.80 26.30 73.70 -75 + 63 63 0 0 0 400.00 0 100.00 Conclusion The paper has examined the relationship between gauge button wear rate and blast-hole cuttings retained on 75µm sieve size. It was observed as bit buttons wear blast-hole cuttings become finer this is due to regrinding instead of penetrating the rock mass. Strong relationship exists between gauge bit button wear rate and weight of blast-hole cuttings retained on 75µm sieve size for the three selected quarries. References [1] Beste, U. (2004): On Nature of Cemented Carbide Wear in Rock Drilling, Doctorial Thesis, Department of Engineering Science,Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden. [2] Chiang, L.E. and Elias, D.A. (2000): Modelling Impact in Down-the-Hole Rock drilling, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining sciences, 37 (2000), pp 599-613. [3] Gokhale, B.V. (2004): Flushing of Blast-hole, http://rockproducts.com pp 1-4 [4] Hetenyi, M. (1966): Hand book of Experimental Stress Analysis, Wiley New-York, and 115 pp. [5] Howarth, D.F., Adamson, W.R. and Berndt, T.R. (1986): Correlation of Model Tunnel Boring and Drilling Machine Performance with Rock Properties, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining sciences, 23, pp 171-175 [Technical Note]. [6] Morley, A. (1944): Strength of Materials, Longman London, 35pp. [7] Shah, K.R. and Wong, T.F. (1997): Fracturing at Contact Surfaces Subjected to Normal and Tangential Load, International Journal of Rock Mechanics, Mining sciences and Geomechanics, 1997; 3(5), pp 727-739. [8] Thuro, K. (1997): Drillability Prediction - Geological Influences in Hard Rock Drill and Blast Tunneling, Geol. Rundsch 86, pp. 426 – 437.
European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.20 No.4 (2008), pp.737-745 © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2008 http://www.eurojournals.com/ejsr.htm Assessment of Micro-Credit Supply by Country Women Association of Nigeria (Cowan) to Rural Women in Ondo State, Nigeria M.G. Olujide Department of Agricultural Extension & Rural Development University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria E-mail: gbengaolujide@yahoo.com, mg.olujide@ui.mail.edu.ng Abstract Most Nigerian rural farmers are small scale farmers who require small amount of loan to help them improve their production. One of the avenue by which the rural women obtain loan is through the Country Women Association of Nigeria (COWAN). This paper assessed the micro credit supply by COWAN to rural women in Ondo State, Nigeria and specifically find out demographic characteristics of respondents, examine the conditions for granting loan, attitude of the rural women towards COWAN micro credit scheme, ascertain amount of micro-credit provided, ways by which rural women utilizes the micro-credit, the timeliness of micro-credits and examine the constraints facing rural women towards getting the micro credit. One hundred and six rural women was selected in four Local Government areas of Ondo state, using multi-stage random sampling technique. The result revealed that majority (64.1%) of the rural women had age ranges between 21 and 40 years, 76.4% of them are married, 9.4% were single, 10.4% were divorced and the remaining 3.8% of them were divorced. Majority (78.3%) were Christians, had adult literacy 5.7%, 27.4% had primary education, 17% had secondary education, 16% of them had no formal education and 8.5% of them had higher education. On the attitude of rural women, 16% of the respondents fall into the Low attitude score towards COWAN micro credit. The majority (84%) of them fall into high attitude score. The result further revealed that 42.5% of the respondents obtained the sum of N5,000:00 – N10,000:00 as micro credit and 43.4% of them obtained the sum of N11,000:00 – N16,000:00 micro credit while 14.1% obtained above N16,000:00 as micro credit from COWAN. The respondents used the micro credit obtained from COWAN for farming (85.5%) and remaining 14.5% of them for trading. The constraints identified by respondents include lack of funds (37.7%), short period of repayment (28.7%) and Loan defaulters 16% as their major constraints. The benefits derived from COWAN micro credit include increase in production (75.5%). The study revealed that marital status, age, position among husbands wife, number of children, educational level and religion have no significant relationship with the micro credit received from COWAN group while the occupation of the respondents has a significant relationship with the micro credit received.
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