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Effects of Enviromental Variables on Poultry Performance and Pond Water Quality in an Integrated Poultry/Fishery Farming 810 Variation in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) level in the ponds The chemical oxygen demand (COD) increased in all the ponds from stocking to the end of the experiment as shown in Fig.5. The COD level recorded in pond 3 was highest. This was expected because of the quantity of droppings into the pond which increased with age of the birds. The COD test was used to determine the oxygen equivalent of the organic matter that can be oxidised by a strong chemical oxidising agent. Also as expected, the COD values in the ponds were greater than the BOD values because more compounds could be oxidised chemically than could be oxidised biologically. However, the value of COD recorded in control pond was the least. Figure 5: Variations of COD in the pond water against Weeks After Stocking Variation in the conductivity level in the ponds Conductivity ranges in value from 0.42 to 0.82 μscm-1 through out the period of experiment as shown in Fig. 6. It was observed that the conductivity level was unstable through out the period of the experiment. A highest value of conductivity was noticed in pond3 and the least in control pond. The high value of conductivity might be connected with the droppings into the ponds. Variation in Colour of water Figure 6: Variations in the conductivity against Weeks After Stocking The colour of water in the various ponds is as shown in Fig.7. As expected, the highest value of colour of water was recorded in pond3 and the least in control pond. The increased colour change in the ponds corresponded with the quantity of droppings from the poultry birds and the age of the birds.
811 F.R. Falayi, A.S. Ogunlowo and M.O. Alatise Figure 7: Variations in the colour of water against Weeks After Stocking Variation in Bio-chemical oxygen demand (BOD) level in the ponds The variation in the BOD level in the various ponds throughout the period of the experiment is as shown in Fig.8. As expected, highest value of BOD was recorded in pond3 and least value was recorded in pond1. The introduction of oxygen – demanding material like poultry droppings into pond would expectedly caused the depletion of the dissolved oxygen in the water. This might pose a threat or affect the development of the fish if the concentration falls below a critical point. A linear relationship was established between the BOD level and weeks after stocking with a high correlation (R2=0.98). Figure 8: Variations in the Bio-chemical-oxygen - Demand of the water against Weeks after Stocking Variation in chloride level in the ponds Chloride level in the various ponds during the period of experiment is as shown in Fig.9. A highest chloride level was observed in pond3 while the last was recorded in pond1. The value of chloride recorded in pond 2 was more than that of control pond. The reason for this variation is not yet obvious but might be due to the composition of the poultry feed. However the chloride level was considered suitable for the growth of the fish when compared to the standard chloride level for fish (not less than 20 mg/l).
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