Styczeń 2007 - Polska Izba Inżynierów Budownictwa

JĘZYK ANGIELSKIWinter Building SeasonPoland has a long winter season, making the available time forconstruction works comparatively short. Builders have to faceunfavourable and often highly unpredictable weather conditions,which can last until April, thus making it very hard to get the workdone on schedule and within the budget.Zima jest trudnym czasem dla prowadzenia robót budowlanych,zwłaszcza w Polsce, gdzie niezwykle trudno określić jest długośćjej trwania. Niektóre roboty muszą więc zostać przerwane, inneograniczone, a jeszcze inne można przeprowadzić tylkow określonych warunkach.I.II.III.IV.V.VI.Przeczytaj tekst zawierający odpowiedzi na podstawowepytania dotyczące prac budowlanychzimą. Dopasuj do nich poniższe pytania. Jedno pytanienie pasuje do żadnej odpowiedzi.Although it is possible to perform some works insidea building, it hardly seems feasible to build roads andbridges in winter temperatures, does it?Doesn’t the newest technology allow the developmentof building materials that can be used in lowtemperatures?What regulations govern the performing of works inlow temperatures?Who covers the financial losses in the case ofa prolonged suspension of work?With the building site covered with snow, the earth frozenor unstable, is it possible to perform any work at all?Work is very much limited in bad weather. How doyou handle the problem of employment, workinghours and pay?A. ______________________________________________In such severe weather conditions, work will almostcertainly have to be interrupted as major constructionworks, such as formwork, steel work, concreting, etc.will be impossible to undertake. Therefore, if you arefaced with the arrival of bad weather, you’d better get thebuilding enclosed and under roof before the winter sets in.As long as heating is installed in an unfinished buildingthen it is possible to perform interior finishing work, likeplastering, stuccoing, gypsum finishing, tiling floors andwalls, as well as completing some electromechanicalinstallations.B. ______________________________________________Truly, today’s technological advancements make it possibleto create conditions that allow certain construction workto go ahead in low temperatures, for instance by usingwinter concrete, lime, weathering steel, pre-cast concrete.However, such solutions are usually rather expensive.C. ______________________________________________Despite the fact that no earthwork or surface and concreteworks are conducted, minor works can last the wholewinter, providing that the temperature is above zero. Infact, no matter how severe the winter, the suspension ofwork doesn’t usually last longer than 60 days.D. ______________________________________________Obviously, conditions which allow building to continue inwinter are stated in the Polish Building Regulations andin detailed technological specifications based on theseregulations. They indicate for instance how and where tocalculate the surface temperature, its scope and durationbefore the suspension of work. All construction worksmust comply with these regulations.E. ______________________________________________Well, it largely depends on the particular employer. Forinstance, people may work in three shifts, 24 hours a day,six days a week during the building season, then eitherthe days off work or additional payments are considereda holiday equivalent. The engineers work all year round,revising documentation, preparing quotations, calculatingcosts of materials and deliveries.48 INŻYNIER BUDOWNICTWA STYCZEŃ 2007